Efficacy of Treatment Intensification With Maraviroc on HIV-1 Viral Latency in Recently Infected Hiv-1 naïve Patients Starting Raltegravir Plus Tenofovir/Emtricitabine

Efficacy of Treatment Intensification With Maraviroc on HIV-1 Viral Latency in Recently Infected Hiv-1 naïve Patients Starting Raltegravir Plus Tenofovir/Emtricitabine

Efficacy of Treatment Intensification With Maraviroc on HIV-1 Viral Latency in Recently Infected Hiv-1 naïve Patients Starting Raltegravir Plus Tenofovir/Emtricitabine.

The intensification with maraviroc in recently HIV-1-infected patients of a preferred gold-standard triple therapy composed of raltegravir plus tenofovir/emtricitabine could accelerate the decay of the HIV-1 reservoir in latently infected cells established early in HIV-1 infection. This could provide further insight into this area, decrease the size of latent reservoir, and translate into clinical benefits for patients.

A reservoir of latently infected cells established early in infection may be involved in the maintenance of viral persistence despite continuous highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). This is likely to represent the major barrier to virus eradication in patients on successful combination antiretroviral therapy. The majority of the viruses in the latent reservoir use CCR5 receptor during entry. More recently, clear evidences for decay of this HIV-1 reservoir in patients who initiated antiretroviral therapy early in infection have been demonstrated. The treatment of acute infection may set the stage for subsequent attempts at eradication. To achieve this, more potent antiretroviral therapy and/or more potent antilatency therapies may be needed. In contrast to previous antiretroviral drugs, maraviroc does not need to cross the cell membrane, nor does not require intracellular processing in order to exert its activity. In addition, there is no cross-resistance between entry inhibitors and agents that act on intracellular targets. Maraviroc has demonstrated potent antiviral activity against all CCR5-tropic HIV-1 viruses tested. Maraviroc could thus fulfil the requirements for an optimal candidate for treatment intensification in HIV-1 infected patients with a recent HIV-1 infection.

From Baseline to Week48: Raltegravir BID + Tenofovir/Emtricitabine QD + Maraviroc BID From W48 to W72: Raltegravir BID + Tenofovir/Emtricitabine QD

Decay of residual HIV-1 replication under maraviroc intensification assessed by an ultrasensitive RT-PCR assay with a lower limit of quantification of 5 copies/mL.

Blips during the study (viral load >50 copies/mL, preceded and followed by determinations <50 copies/mL in previous and posterior controls).

Relationship between maraviroc and/or raltegravir plasma concentrations and change in the slope of decay of integrated viral DNA in PBMCs

Inclusion Criteria: HIV-1 infected adults (>=18 years old). No previous antiretroviral therapy for more than 2 weeks. HIV-1 infection documented in the past 6 months by a previous negative ELISA test, or a documented clinical acute seroconversion in the past 6 months. CCR5-tropism confirmed at screening. Voluntary written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: Pregnancy or fertile women willing to be pregnant. Active substance abuse or major psychiatric disease. Presence of NRTI mutations in the screening genotype.