Active clinical trials for "Neoplasms"

The purpose of this study is to test the utility of the nasogastric tube, which is used to decompress and as "guardian" of gastro-jejunal anastomosis, in patients undergoing distal subtotal gastrectomy for gastric cancer with reconstruction according to Billroth II or according Roux.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia. B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is the most prevalent leukemia in the Western Hemisphere, accounting for ~25% of all leukemia's. It represents a monoclonal expansion of small, long-lived, apparently slowly dividing CD5+ B cells. Because of the low proliferative index and a presumed uniform proliferative rate of B-CLL cells in vivo (a fact not yet tested or documented), B-CLL appears to be primarily a disease of accumulation rather than proliferation.

By ingesting a non-radioactive and non-toxic compound "heavy water" for 6 weeks, the DNA of newly developed cells in the body of subjects with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia can be labeled and followed by performing routine blood draws at specified time intervals. By using mass spectrometric analysis we can measure how quickly new B-CLL cells are generated in the bone marrow and how quickly they leave the blood, a measure of cell turnover. This will help us to better understand the unique characteristics of this disease process.

The purpose of this study to assess post ablation, if there are areas of Barrett's mucosa post ablation and to assess the ability of the Fujinon FICE system to detect this, as compared to white light endoscopy. A subgroup will also be compared with laser confocal microscopy

This is a retrospective observational study to determine the proportion of patients with a family history of pancreatic cancer and other malignancies among patients who have intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN). The investigators will be reviewing the demographic, clinical, radiologic, pathologic, and follow-up information from the Pancres Center database. The investigators will also conduct a chart review to collect information recorded by clinicians on each subject's family history of malignancy and personal history of malignancy. Results of this database and chart review will be incorporated into a datasheet in which all patient identifiers have been removed. The primary outcome will be the percentage of IPMN patients with at least one first-degree relative with pancreatic cancer or IPMN, or at least two first or second degree relatives with pancreatic cancer, IPMN, or malignancies related to pancreatic cancer syndromes, including colorectal, gastric, breast, ovarian, and melanoma neoplasms. Secondary outcomes will be the relative risk of IPMN subtypes of higher malignant potential (main duct or mixed type location), more advanced histology (carcinoma in situ or invasive carcinoma), and recurrence following surgical resection amongst subjects with a family history.

Up to 30% of Canadian women do not participate in Pap smear screening for cervical cancer prevention despite many being members of family practices and having access to family physicians. One reason is reluctance to undergo pelvic examination. The investigators purpose is to determine whether the offer of vaginal self sample collection for oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) testing increases participation in cervical cancer screening compared to repeat reminder for Pap smear testing among female family practice members who have not previously responded to invitations for Pap testing.

Assessments (survey data) in this study are designed to sample the symptom burden of patients undergoing adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the hospital. There will be no change in the treatment plan for these patients.

Background of the study: Prediction of rectal tumor response after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) might be helpful in individualizing treatment strategies, i.e., selecting patients who need less invasive surgery or another radiotherapy strategy instead of resection. For rectal cancer it is known that 10-30% of the patients will respond with a pathologic complete response (pCR) after CRT. From a retrospective study with multivariate analysis of both clinical and 2-[18F] fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose and positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) data, it was found that adding FDG-PET data collected before and after CRT leads to a more predictive model compared to evaluating only pretreatment clinical data. To validate this model, this registration study is proposed. Furthermore, it has been found that FDG-PET during treatment is very predictive for response and a more favorable time point to adapt treatment. Also, there are indications that adding blood biomarkers to the data, results in higher accuracy for response prediction compared to clinical and imaging data alone. Therefore, FDG-PET during treatment and blood sampling are included in the protocol to improve the accuracy of the prediction models. Objective of the study: The long-term research objective is to be able to select rectum cancer patients who could receive a less invasive treatment. If prediction of response is possible, surgery may be avoided when complete response after chemoradiotherapy is expected or performed with smaller incisions if stage reduction is significant. This support decision system helps to individualize patient treatment and can improve the quality of life for the patient. Study design: 28x radiotherapy. On day 15 of radiotherapy en 8 weeks after radiotherapy: 1 PET-CT scan Before radiotherapy, on day 15 and 8 weeks after radiotherapy: blood sample taken.

Background: X-ray mammography is the standard method for breast cancer screening. It is a noninvasive test using x-rays to take pictures of breast tissue and detect any abnormalities. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center has a breast imaging unit that has been accredited by the American College of Radiology. To maintain accreditation, the unit must recruit a certain number of women to have clinical mammograms each year in order to maintain a high level of clinical skills and experience for the radiologists and technologists. Objectives: - To create a state-of-the-art mammography unit at the NIH Clinical Center in order to maintain American College of Radiology accreditation of the NIH breast imaging facility. Eligibility: - Women who are eligible for breast cancer screening because of family cancer history, genetic test results, or previous instances of cancer. Participants may not be pregnant or nursing at the time of the screening. Design: Participants will provide a brief medical history on arrival at the NIH breast imaging unit. Each participant will have a standard mammogram performed by a radiology technician. If the study is normal, participants will be told that no further evaluation will be performed. If the results indicate a need for further imaging or tissue biopsy, participants may elect to return to the care of their primary physician or to receive further follow-up at the NIH Clinical Center.

This study will explore conditions caused by the absence of certain genes on chromosome 11. These conditions include WAGR syndrome, which is characterized by a kidney tumor called Wilm s tumor, aniridia (absence of the iris of the eye), genital and urinary abnormalities, mental retardation, and possibly other symptoms. This study will examine how the genes on chromosome 11 affect people and whether the absence of specific genes is associated with specific symptoms. Healthy normal volunteers, people with isolated aniridia, and people with WAGR or another chromosome 11 gene deletion may be eligible for this study. Participants must be at least 6 years old. Parents of patients may also participate for genetic studies. Participants undergo some or all of the following procedures, depending on whether they are a child, adult, healthy volunteer or parent of a patient: Medical history and physical examination, eye examination, blood, urine and saliva tests, electrocardiogram (EKG) and electroencephalogram (EEG) X-rays, scans and other tests to measure body composition (fat, muscle and bone development and thickness) and MRI to examine the eyes and the brain and to measure abdominal fat Ultrasound studies of the kidneys, ovaries and uterus (in females) and testes (in males) Meal tests, food diaries and food preference tests Questionnaires about eating and sleep habits, personality and character traits and responses to pain and injury Neuropsychological tests Tests of resting metabolic rate, energy expenditure and glucose (sugar) tolerance Hot and cold sensitivity tests, vibration sensitivity test, cold tolerance test and smell identification test Eye and hearing tests Nerve conduction studies and study of sensory information conduction from peripheral nerves to the spinal cord and brain Computer photography Evaluation by sub-specialists (e.g., endocrinologist, ophthalmologist, physiatrist, neurologist or others) as indicated by the patient s medical history and test results