Active clinical trials for "Neoplasms"

Mediastinal irradiation for treatment of malignancy increases the risk for coronary artery disease (CAD), while diabetes mellitus or other known risk factors can be absent at the time of the first coronary event. Radiation-induced atherosclerosis affects the coronary ostia and proximal coronary segments, or causes diffuse microvascular damage. Younger patients and those exposed to high radiation doses (> 35 Gy) have a higher risk for developing premature CAD and likely may benefit from coronary assessment. A novel hybrid imaging technique that combines SPECT and CTCA has been shown to overcome the individual pitfalls and the diagnostic challenges of stand-alone SPECT and CCTA, improve the lesion detectability and sensitivity in patients with balanced diffuse lesions as well as the specificity and mainly PPV of CTCA. The aim of the study is to perform hybrid SPECT/CTCA in asymptomatic patients with HL who have received radiotherapy to the mediastinum in order to allow an early diagnosis of hemodynamically significant CAD that will need further therapeutic interventions.

The purpose of the protocol is to to assess subject's overall satisfaction regarding control of diarrhea. The study aims to supplement results obtained through clinical trials with data obtained from a population of patients receiving treatment with Somatuline Autogel in routine practice.

Background: Neurofibromatosis type II (NF2) is associated with tumors of the nerves, brain, and spinal cord. Most people with NF2 develop vestibular schwannomas, or tumors on the hearing and balance nerves. As they grow, vestibular schwannomas can cause hearing loss and balance problems. If they grow very large they can cause more serious problems, such as seizures, loss of eyesight, weakness, speech problems, and problems with the sense of touch. More research is needed into NF2 because researchers do not completely understand why these tumors occur or what makes them grow over time. Currently, tumor size is measured with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. However, MRI scans cannot predict how fast a tumor will grow. By using positron emission tomography (PET) scanning, researchers hope to be able to predict sudden growth spurts of tumors associated with NF2 and develop better treatment methods for this type of cancer. Objectives: - To use magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography to better understand the growth of brain tumors in people with neurofibromatosis type II. Eligibility: - Individuals between 18 and 50 years of age who have been diagnosed with NF2 and have at least three untreated intracranial tumors. Design: This study requires an initial set of outpatient visits to the NIH Clinical Center that will last 7 to 10 days. Participants will have a physical and neurological examination and blood tests at the first visit. Participants will then have the following imaging studies to examine the tumors: MRI scans of the brain PET scans of the brain, combined with a computed tomography (CT) scan. The PET scans will be performed on separate days. Different contrast agents will be used for both scans, so researchers will inform participants if they need to fast or follow other procedures before having the scan. After the initial imaging studies, participants will have additional MRI scans every 6 months for 2 years to track tumor growth.

Colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death in the US. Colonoscopy is considered the best test colorectal cancer screening. It allows resection of adenomatous polyps (a known cancer precursor) and thus, interrupt the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Despite the potential benefit of screening colonoscopy recent studies have reported cases of colorectal cancers in a short interval after prior screening or surveillance colonoscopies. One possible cause of such interval cancers may be incomplete resection of adenomatous polyps and hence ongoing growth and cancer development in such lesions. Complete resection may be particularly important for polyps of at least 5mm in size as up 10% of such polyps higher risk lesions as villous adenoma, tubulovillous adenoma, high grade dysplasia, or early carcinoma. Although adenoma resection of sessile and flat adenomatous polyps between 5 and 20mm is believed to be well standardized data on complete resection of adenomatous tissue are sparse. This may be related to the assumption that using a snare with electro-cautery will successfully remove the polyp and cauterize remaining marginal adenomatous tissue and hence completely remove and or destroy the lesion. The investigators are interested in examining how often sessile adenomatous polyps between 5 and 20mm are completely removed using standard polypectomy snare. The investigation was also directed at a comparison between complete resection of polyps between 5 and 9mm and 10 and 20mm.

Although the impact of disease and treatment related burden on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with solid tumours has been well studied, with several clinical trials that included HRQOL as an endpoint, the general understanding in patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML) is lacking in comparison. The literature shows that patients' perspective is unique and should always be measured with methodologically sound instruments that are devised for this purpose. The main scope of this project is develop to an international validated questionnaire for the purpose of HRQOL assessment; such a tool will then be used to provide important data, from the patients' perspective, to make more informed treatment decisions.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are very small endogenous RNA molecules about 22-25 nucleotides in length, capable of post-transcriptional gene regulation. miRNAs bind to their target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), leading to cleavage or suppression of target mRNA translation based on the degree of complementarity. miRNAs have recently been shown to play pivotal roles in diverse developmental and cellular processes and linked to a variety of skin diseases and cancers. In the present study, the investigators examines the expression profiles of miRNA machinery components such as miRNA maturation and transport factors, microprocessor complex and RISC subunits in cutaneous melanoma, cutaneous melanoma metastases and benign melanocytic nevi.

The aim of the study is to quantify the ex vivo induction of apoptosis by ABT-737 + association platinum in samples exposed and demonstrate the value of this combination compared to the agents used alone.

An agreement has been made to conduct a post-approval commitment study that provides supplementary information relating to the use of Xiapex® as well as other non-pharmacological treatments for Dupuytren's contracture by health care professionals in a real world clinical setting.

The purpose of the study is to compare self-reported health related quality of life after two different operating techniques for low rectal cancer operated by rectal amputation, using a specific and detailed questionnaire. The population has been operated over a 6 year period in one university hospital.

The goal of this research study is to understand how patients adjust to appearance and body image changes after surgery for head and neck cancer.