Active clinical trials for "Neoplasms"

This study will investigate the relationship between the endocrine therapy and the survival of patients with hormone receptor positive intraductal carcinoma of the breast, and the optimal duration of medication. This study will also analyze the risk factors of recurrence and metastasis of hormone receptor positive intraductal carcinoma of the breast and establish a prognosis model to further clarify the specific reasons for recurrence and metastasis, adverse reactions, and drug withdrawal in patients with hormone receptor positive intraductal carcinoma of the breast after endocrine therapy.

This is an external control, observational, retrospective study designed to compare clinical outcomes for pralsetinib compared with best available therapy for patients with RET-fusion positive advanced NSCLC.

In this clinical trial, we aim to explore the synergistic alteration of specific bacteria both in gastric mucosas and feces of gastric cancer patients for the method of non-invasive and cost-effective faecal marker detection. We aim to select and validate specific microbes as noninvasive, accurate, simple, sensitive and highly-accepted biomarkers that might assist to screen and diagnose gastric cancer, especially early gastric cancer patients.

A multicenter retrospective observational study among children with type 1 diabetes will be performed. The Objective of this study will be to determine a) the association between the increase in Hba1c in children with type 1 diabetes and confinement due to the COVID 19 pandemic. b) the association between the frequency of patient care during social confinement and the Hba1c values. Different centers from Latin America including Argentina, Peru, Panama, Chile, and Ecuador will participate in this study. Children younger than 17 years with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes prior to 2018 will be included. Data from the medical records of the participating centers will be collected on the Hb A1c value before and after confinement (6 months completed). The initial (base) value will be taken as a value of HbA1c registered in the patient's Clinical History for the year 2018, 2019, and 2020 pre and post quarantine (Sep-Oct-Nov) 2020, considering compliance with six months of quarantine. Hb A1c should have been performed in the same institution or with the same methods in order to avoid bias.

Anastomotic failure (AF), including anastomotic leakage (AL), increases morbidity and mortality after colorectal cancer (CRC) resection. An inadequate perfusion of the anastomosis or technical stapling defects may contribute to AF. Several studies evaluated the singular use of intraoperative near infrared (NIR) indocyanine green (ICG)-induced fluorescence angiography (FA) and air leak testing to assess the integrity and the perfusion levels of the colorectal anastomosis. So far, a combined use of these methodologies, although acknowledged has not yet been tested as an indicator of postoperative AF or of intra-operative anastomotic repair in a prospective setting. This study aims to implement the intraoperative anastomotic assessment in a prospective series of patients undergoing rectal resection plus primary anastomosis for rectal cancer with or without ostomy, using a semi-quantitative check of 4 items (4-check). The procedure will include NIR-ICG-induced FA (to assess perfusion), air leak test and evaluation of the anastomotic donuts (to assess for the presence of technical defects). Included patients will be those scheduled for elective rectal resection with total or partial mesorectal excision and primary colo-rectal anastomosis with/or without protective ostomy. Primary outcomes will be the overall incidence of intra-operative anastomotic repair and the rate of post-operative AF. Secondary outcomes will be the overall incidence of adverse events and serious complications, the estimation of costs and resources, the operative time, hospitalization and post-operative measurement of inflammatory markers.

The wide uptake of "liquid biopsy" diagnostics in the care of advanced cancer patients highlights the desire for improved access to tumor allowing accurate tumor genotyping (1). Genotyping of plasma cfDNA is now routine for detection of EGFR driver mutations at diagnosis of NSCLC, or for detection of the EGFR T790M mutation after TKI resistance, and is an emerging approach for the detection of other drivers (HER2 or BRAF mutations, ALK or ROS1 fusions…) (2) or the estimation of tumor mutation burden (TMB) (3). However, the most sensitive plasma genotyping platforms still have a sensitivity of only 70%-80%, such that a negative result requires tissue biopsy confirmation.

To assess the clinical outcomes following treatment with Pola in combination with Bendamustine, Rituximab (BR) or Rituximab (R) in patients with R/R DLBCL who are not eligible for transplantation in the real-world setting.

Inhibitors of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) are effective therapies for metastatic NSCLC lacking sensitizing EGFR or ALK mutations. First-line combination regimens that include a PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitor may maximize the chance of response and lead to prolonged survival. PD-L1 expression is the only validated predictive biomarker for selecting pembrolizumab treatment. However, it is far from being the ideal biomarker and its role in predicting efficacy from ICPIs remains undefined due to conflicting results from randomized clinical trials. The selection of patients most likely to benefit from immunotherapy is crucial in order to avoid exposure to potentially toxic and ineffective drugs as well as to prevent inappropriate allocation of health resources. Further studies are clearly needed to better understand the mechanism of action of immunotherapy in vivo thus allowing the identification of other predictive biomarkers. Therefore, our research team intends to explore advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, by combining the evaluation criteria of solid tumor efficacy evaluation criteria (RECIST1.1), clinical pathological characteristics of patients, and dynamic monitoring of peripheral blood molecular biological markers, finding the correlation with the efficacy of immunotherapy, establish a detection mode for selecting patients with clinical benefits.

Background: Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a rare tumor associated with bladder cancer in up to 50% of cases. Its incidence is rising due to improved detection and bladder cancer survival. The diagnosis of UTUC is challenging because more than 35% of the standard biopsies can result inconclusive. The grading of UTUC cells, which delivers the most important data for the choice between a kidney-sparing surgery (KSS) and a radical treatment, is upgraded in 30% of radical nephroureterectomies. The follow-up of UTUC after KSS requires an invasive procedure as a diagnostic ureteroscopy for a minimum of 5 years, and urinary cytology has low diagnostic power. Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the accuracy (overall and stratified for grade) of a DNA methylation urine biomarker test (Bladder EpiCheckTM) in UTUC, and to compare it with current standard (urinary cytology). The secondary objective is to show its applicability in the specific clinical scenario of UTUC surveillance after kidney-sparing surgery and related cost-effectiveness. Design, Setting, and Participants: From February 2019 to February 2021, 80 consecutive patients candidates to ureteroscopy for suspicion of primary, recurrent or metachronous UTUC in one tertiary Referral Centers (Fundaciò Puigvert) giving written informed consent will be included in the study. Intervention: Bladder urine samples (> 10 ml) will be collected for cytology and for the methylation test before cystoscopy. Prior to semirigid and flexible ureteroscopy, urine specimens from the upper urinary tract will be obtained via a ureteral catheter.

Research on the mechanism of dasatinib down-regulates the expression of PD-1 in CMV-activated NKG2C+NK cells and enhances killing pH + leukemia stem cells.