Active clinical trials for "Neoplasms"

The prognosis of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer is still very poor, even for those who received chemotherapy and immunotherapy. This experimental study is a real-world research design to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of prophylactic cranial irradiation in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer who with first-line chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy.

A new surgical instrument is supposed to allow surgeon to do surgery with better performance. However, the learning period before getting used to the new instruments is necessary. The surgeon's stress to overcome the learning effect and the surgical outcome was rarely assessed. The comparative analysis of surgical outcome, surgeon's stress, and utilization of instruments for gastrectomy will be performed in prospective cohort study

Introduction Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia CIN1 (low grade), CIN2 (moderate grade), CIN3 (severe grade) defines cervical precancer lesions derived from the squamous epithelial cell line. CIN2, represents a heterogenic phenotype expression of both CIN1-like and CIN3-like evolving lesions with different risk of progression. The CIN2 diagnosis has low reproducibility, and current diagnostic tools do not allow for risk-stratification of CIN2. Risk-profiling is important, to enable targeted management of women with CIN2 at first incidence (surgery or active surveillance) and to avoid risk of over- or undertreatment. Preliminary studies show, that the novel tissue biomarker HPV E4 has potential to discriminate CIN1-like (HPV E4 positive) from CIN3-like (HPV E4 negative) evolving CIN2 lesions, suggesting that the biomarker could be vauable for risk-stratification of CIN2. Aim To examine the potential of the HPV E4 biomarker in predicting risk of CIN2 evolvement. Materials and Methods Design: Historical cohort study. Study population: N=500 women, 23-40 years of age with a record of incidental CIN2 diagnosis between [2000-2010] in the Danish Pathology Data Bank at Aarhus University Hospital, Region of Central Denmark. All women are defined as managed by active surveillance (i.e. no surgical treatment within 4 months after first CIN2 diagnosis). Exposure: HPV E4 positive vs HPV E4 negative intraepithelial reaction. Outcome: Regression (normal, CIN1) vs non-regression (CIN2, CIN3, cervical cancer). Statistical model: Linear regression model (RR (95%CI)). Perspectives: HPV E4 may act as significant predictor for CIN2 evolvement, and reliable marker for risk-assessment of CIN2. This will be valuable in the clinical management of women with CIN2, enabling to discriminate women, who would most likely regress and could be manged by active surveillance vs women in risk of progression or persistence, who could benefit of immediate surgical treatment.

In recent years, considerable progress has been made in understanding the biology of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), resulting in the emergence of new therapeutic agents that have significantly improved the long-term survival of patients. However, LLC is still considered an incurable disease. Cytogenetic abnormalities are frequently found in this pathology. Some abnormalities are associated with a more aggressive disease and a poor prognosis. The deletion of chromosome 17p (del (17p)), in particular, makes leukemic cells more resistant to standard therapy. Chromosome 17p contains the Tumor Protein 53 gene (TP53) which encodes the tumor suppressor protein 53 (P53) protein. P53 plays a central role in the regulation of important cellular functions such as DNA damage response, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and drug sensitivity of chemotherapies. In patients with CLL, the loss of p53 function is a major factor of chemoresistance and is associated with an adverse prognosis. The deletion (17p) is observed in approximately 5 to 10% of patients with CLL. In contrast, mutations in the TP53 gene are observed in approximately 30% of patients with CLL. This means that about one-third of patients with CLL have p53 dysfunction. TP53 and / or del (17p) mutated LLC cells show marked mitochondrial dysfunction. This dysfunction is responsible for a deregulation of intracellular redox phenomena, leading to an increase in oxidative stress and an overproduction of reactive oxygen derivatives (ROS). Dimethyl Ampal Thiolester (DIMATE) is an active, competitive and irreversible inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH) 1 and 3. In vitro, DIMATE eradicates human cells from acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). In patients with CLL, current treatments, particularly effective, do not specifically target pathological B cells. This results in chronic B lymphopenia and hypogammaglobulinemias that provide severe long-term infections, which is the leading cause of death in patients with CLL. Through this study, we will study, in vitro, the expression of ALDH 1, 3, 9 but also of glutathione (GSH) and ROS on tumor B lymphocytes and healthy patients carrying an LLC. Depending on the differences in expression observed, DIMATE could specifically eradicate leukemic lymphocyte cells by sparing healthy lymphocytes, a hypothesis that will be tested in vitro. A special evaluation will be made in patients with del (17) and / or TP53 mutation whose prognosis is still considered unfavorable despite new therapeutic advances.

Consecutive patients treated with PD-1 therapy in Qingdao City were included in our study. The effecy and safety of the four PD-1 agents according to clinical outcomes in real world will be studied.

Study of the activity of PD-1 inhibitors in metastatic uveal melanoma

Liver transplantation is an optimal radical therapy for selected patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Hangzhou criteria could safely and effectively expand Milan criteria with expanded population and comparable survival. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Hangzhou criteria in a multi-center cohort.

Patients who suffer from chronic myeloid leukemia are treated by tyrosin kinase inhibitors (TKI) saying imatinib, nilotinib, dasatinib, bosutinib and ponatinib. These drugs are highly efficient with excellent response allowing some patients to definitely stop their cancer treatment. However, in 30% of cases, when the treatment is stopped, pains could arise in shoulders, hips, joints… These symptoms occurring after the withdrawal of a drug are odd and biologically unexplained so far. This study seeks to discover the biological factors behind these symptoms called 'TKI withdrawal syndrome' by the scientific community.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive forms of cancer. Despite advances in the understanding of the mechanisms underlying PDAC pathogenesis, the impact on patient benefit is lagging. As a result, new model systems are being developed and used to fill this gap with the hope of translation into improved diagnostics and therapeutics. Organoids represent a powerful tool for research with the capacity to be applied to many key aspects of pancreatic tissue pathology. 3D organoids can be generated from endoscopic fine-needle aspiration or fine needle biopsy samples. In this study, we will evaluate and compare the growth rate of pancreatic cancer patient-derived organoids generated from matched fine needle Aspirations (FNA) and fine needle biopsies (FNB).

To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the test kit "COLOSAFE' in Hong Kong