Active clinical trials for "Neoplasms"

Because advanced gastric cancer shows poor prognosis, it is important to detect early gastric cancer or precancerous gastric adenoma patients who have a cure rate of 95% or more. Moreover, a large part of early gastric cancer can be completely resected by endoscopic resection, thus ensuring a very high quality of life for patients. However, there are currently no markers that can be used for diagnosis of early gastric cancer or gastric adenoma. In addition, the biggest problem after endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer is metachronous recurrence of the cancer, which requires repeated endoscopic resection or additional surgical gastrectomy. However, there are no discovered markers for prediction of recurrence. Liquid biopsy is a method of obtaining body fluids such as gastric juice or effusion through an endoscopic inlet during gastroscopy or colonoscopy and blood. Based on the advanced analysis method, liquid biopsy reveals more genetic information than tissue biopsy. Therefore, it is highly likely to become an essential factor in future personalized medicine. Therefore, this study was designed to identify whether tumor's molercular profiling based on tissue or blood could be used for prediction of prognosis and diagnosis of early gastric cancer and precancerous gastric adenoma.

Among the different types of cancer that most affect children, leukemia is the principal. One of the main treatments for leukemia is chemotherapy. Among the most common side effects of chemotherapy are nausea and/or vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, alopecia, neuropathy, opportunistic infections, and oral mucositis. It is still necessary to establish which microorganisms are predominant in the oral microbiota of children with leukemia, which factors influence it, what is its relationship with oral mucositis and what is their impact in the quality of life. To better understand the risks of secondary infection, it is important to develop preventive and/or therapeutic strategies to control the side effects of antineoplastic treatment in the mouth that may negatively impact the quality of life, to expose the risk of death as well as raise hospital costs for the care of children with leukemia. Objective: To identify the clinical characteristics of the oral condition, types of microorganisms of the oral microbiota, and quality of life in children/adolescents with acute lymphoid leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia before and during antineoplastic treatment, and compare them with healthy children/adolescent individuals. Methodology: Longitudinal, case-control study, with a convenience sample. The study group, composed of children/adolescent individuals who have a definitive diagnosis of acute lymphoid leukemia or acute myeloid leukemia. The control group, non-syndromic children/adolescents, with no history of cancer, matched by age and gender. The clinical condition of the mouth will be evaluated by means of indexes: dental caries index (dmft index), gingival index (GA), and simplified oral hygiene index. The assessment of the quality of life through the ohip-14 and POS-version14 quality of life questionnaire and microbiological evaluation of saliva through MALDI-TOF analysis. Statistical analysis will be performed through relative risk for cohort study with more than three paired groups. Odds ratio, for the control group more than three controlled groups and Mcnemere, for comparison with the control group, for more than three paired groups.

This study is a single-arm, open, multi-center phase II clinical trial, the main purpose of which is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of YY-20394 in the treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory thymic cancer. The research adopts the Simon two-stage design method, which is carried out in two stages.

Although most patients have essential (unexplained) hypertension, some patients have a treatable underlying condition. One such condition is phaeochromocytoma, a tumour that produces excessive stress hormones. Left undiagnosed, patients may develop a hypertensive crisis that can be fatal. Measurements of stress hormones (both 24-hour urine collection and morning blood tests) are highly sensitive for detecting these tumours. However, these stress hormones may also be elevated in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) which affects 1 in 5 adults. The investigators hypothesize that in patients with OSA, blood tests will be better than 24-hr urine tests at ruling out a tumour. If this is confirmed, then OSA patients with suspected phaeochromocytoma could be investigated with a morning blood test instead of a traditional urine test, reducing unnecessary additional tests and patient anxiety. In this single site study, the investigators plan to recruit 70 patients undergoing polysomnography. 24hr urine and bloods will be measured. Patients with elevated hormone levels will undergo imaging to rule out a tumour. The primary outcome will be the accuracy of each test in ruling out a tumour. The secondary outcomes will be the relationship between stress hormone level and severity of OSA, which may help to explain the increased cardiovascular risk in patients with OSA, and the change in stress hormone level with treatment for OSA

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, accounting for the second leading cause of cancer death in China.Surgical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma is the most important means for long-term survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, including hepatectomy and liver transplantation.Chronic liver disease caused by hepatitis B infection is the main pathogenic factor of liver cancer in China. Meanwhile, nearly 80% of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma are complicated with cirrhosis, and the incidence of thrombocytopenia in patients with cirrhosis is reported to be as high as 78%.Many previous studies have found that thrombocytopenia is closely related to perioperative outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of avatripopa in the treatment of thrombocytopenia in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing elective hepatectomy and its effect on perioperative outcome.

A prospective, observational, single-center study to determine the proportion of patients who have or will develop changes in biological markers of immunity during immunotherapy treatment.

This is an observational, prospective study using fecal DNA methylation test to define the risk of suffering from advanced adenoma or colorectal cancer (CRC) compared to colonoscopy and fecal immunochemical test (FIT). This study recruits at least 80 participants, including 40 people of healthy controls, 20 people with adenoma, and 20 people with CRC, which were confirmed by colonoscopy. All fecal specimens from participants will be examined by FIT and multi-methylated target gene detection through real-time quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP). The objective of this study is to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of multi-methylated target PCR compared with the FIT and confirm the examination results through colonoscopy.

Patients with lung cancer are often treated with high dose x-ray treatment (radical radiotherapy) to control the disease. After one course of radiotherapy, after a period of time, there is a risk that the cancer can come back in either the same place or nearby in the lungs. This happens to about 700 patients in the UK every year. There is no strong evidence to suggest what the best treatment is in this situation. One possible treatment is a second course of radiotherapy (re-irradiation). Early studies show that a re-irradiation may cause significant side effects like breathlessness or problems swallowing, but may control the cancer for a long period of time. We want to do a clinical trial to investigate if re-irradiation improves cancer control compared to other treatments to help guide treatment for patients with recurrent disease. Before we can go ahead with the trial, we would like to talk to patients who are have completed radiotherapy to find out what are their feelings about having a second course of radiotherapy if needed, and how the side effects from the initial course of radiotherapy or the projected side-effects from the second course would affect that decision. This information is vitally important to help develop a trial about re-irradiation in lung cancer as it will demonstrate if patients would accept a second course of radiotherapy, and, by accounting for patient concerns in the trial design, will make it more likely to recruit well. This study will perform telephone interviews with patients five weeks after completing a course of radical radiotherapy for lung cancer at the Beatson Cancer Centre. We expect to interview 16-30 patients. This study will run over the course of 1 year. This research is funded by the Beatson Cancer Charity and The University of Glasgow.

Multicentric, exploratory, non-pharmacologic, retrospective/prospective, translational study aiming to identify the molecular, cellular and psychological-sociological variables predictive of response to chemotherapy in gastric cancer patients.

Endometrial adenocarcinoma is believed to be a more treatable malignancy. Poor prognosis is associated with age, grade and depth of myometrial invasion, lymph node status, tumor size, invasion of lymphovascular space and involvement of the lower uterine segment. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping can be considered as an al¬ternative to standard lymphadenectomy in the patients with apparently uterine-confined disease and to assess whether they have metastatic pelvic lymph nodes. Randomized trials, a Cochrane Database Systematic Review, and population-based surgical studies support minimally invasive techniques due to a lower rate of surgical site infection, ve¬nous thromboembolism, reduced hospitalisation, and lower cost of care. This is a one arm clinical trial pilot study that focuses on the intraoperative and early postoperative complications of laparoscopic hysterectomy in patients with endometrial carcinoma and assess the feasibility and the diagnostic reliability of sentinel lymph node biopsy.