Active clinical trials for "Neoplasms"

Promising new technology exists to examine small proteins that are shed by cancers into the blood stream. The purpose of this study is to see if there are differences in the proteins and protein levels in blood from individuals with early stage lung cancer compared to healthy adults.

This study enrolled patients with measurable metastatic colorectal cancer. Blood was drawn prior to the patient receiving a new therapy for his/her cancer and subsequently at 7-14 days, 3-4 weeks, and when an imaging study was done (~every 6 to 12 weeks). The blood was tested to find circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and to count them. The CTC levels were compared to the imaging study results to see if the CTC number and the imaging result (progression/no progression) were in agreement. Maximum active study participation was 12 months with up to 8 blood draws being taken. All patients are currently being followed for up to 24 months from their off study date for survival. The CTC result will also be used to see if there is a difference in survival and progression-free survival for those patients with and without a certain number of CTCs.

Studies indicate that the majority of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients find it important to be involved in treatment decision making. However, in a recent study it has been reported that about 40% of the participants experienced decision conflict and feel uninformed(1). The investigators therefore developed a patient decision aid (PDA) for stage I-II NSCLC patients, that informs and empowers patients to help decide between stereotactic radiotherapy (SBRT) and surgery.

This project seeks to analyze and define the mechanism (s) involved in the resistance to checkpoint therapy in metastatic GC patients. The investigators propose the use of a Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) assay that involves 395 genes allowing us to define a specific molecular signature to characterize responder and non-responder patients to checkpoint therapy in combination with IHC analyses of specific factors. Such signature (s) could then be used to predict which individuals who might get the most benefit out of checkpoint therapy treatment. Analysis will be perfomed retrospectively using biopsies provided by mGC patients recruited at the Red de Salud UC treated with checkpoint therapy, the response of patients to treatment is evaluated by RECIST 1.1 criteria and thereby they are classified as "responders" or "non-responders".

Small intestine carcinoid tumors are rare. Small intestine Familial Carcinoid Tumors (FCT) are defined by the occurrence of at least 2 cases of this tumor type in first- or second-degree relatives. The estimated prevalence of FCT is 2.6%-3.7% in patients with small intestine carcinoid tumors. Because of its rarity, epidemiologic, clinic and pathologic features of FCT have been scarcely described. Molecular abnormalities associated with FCT have been poorly explored. Constitutional genetic factors predisposing to FCT have not been discovered to date. Only one abnormality (mutation of the IPMK gene) has been reported in one FCT family only, but not found in other series. The main objective of this study is to identify the constitutional factors predisposing to small-intestine FCT (and other midgut localizations: ascending colon and appendix). The secondary objectives are to describe the clinic and pathologic features associated with FCT.

Villo-nodular synovitis can affect the joints, bursae or tendon sheaths. This condition is rare, with 1.8 cases per million inhabitants. The hip is affected in 3.6 to 18.1% of cases. The age of predilection is between 30 and 50 years old and this condition is rarely described in children. Two articles report a case of villous-nodular synovitis of the child's hip. Surgical treatment by resection seems to be consensus but various adjuvant treatments are also proposed. A case of villous-nodular synovitis of the hip in children was treated without surgical intervention. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of surgical treatment of villous nodular synovitis of the hip in children.

Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a malignant disorder of the haematopoietic system. It is characterized by the chromosomal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22, resulting in the formation of the Philadelphia chromosome which contains the BCRABL1 fusion gene. The projected prevalence of CML is rising steadily, due to the significantly improved survival of CML patients and that the incidence rate increases with age. The efficacious yet costly tyrosine kinase inhibitors pose a significant financial burden to both patients and the health care system, while they carry their own side effects and long-term risks. This study aims to set up a local disease registry of CML to improve the knowledge concerning this disease, including epidemiology,characteristics and treatment outcome of CML in Hong Kong,as well as long-term safety and toxicities of therapeutic agents.

In this study, the investigators establish a model for the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer based on detection of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) in training group and validate the effectiveness of the model using a validation group.

Worldwide, primary liver cancer is the 3rd most common cause of cancer-related death, accounting for 6% of cancer diagnoses. In the UK, the number of cases reported has more than trebled since the 1970's, with 5550 new cases in 2014 (CRUK statistics 2014). Liver transplant or surgery are the main forms of treatment offered but only less than 20% of patients can tolerate these treatments. There is a need for non-surgical therapies that would improve these patients' chances of survival. Radiotherapy has been shown to increase the likelihood of liver cancer cure. To deliver radiotherapy safely to the patient, the radiation must be delivered to the liver cancer only, avoiding normal liver tissues and other surrounding normal tissues. Because the liver moves during breathing, a liver cancer will also move during radiotherapy. To accurately target the cancer the patient can be asked to hold their breath during treatment to stop the motion. Or motion of the cancer can be monitored and the radiation beam can be moved to follow its motion. The investigators are investigating new methods to either: (a) ensure that when the patient repeats their breath hold the cancer is in the same position each time, or (b) measure the motion of the liver cancer whilst the patient breathes freely. It is not clear which is the best method and therefore are investigating both approaches. Ultrasound is a non-invasive and real-time imaging method that can easily be used to image the liver and may be able to perform both of these tasks. In this study the investigators will test ultrasound equipment, which has been specifically designed to guide radiotherapy. 26 healthy volunteers will be recruited to help evaluate the accuracy of ultrasound to measure the position of the liver in breath hold and in free breathing.

Glioma is the most common primary cancer of the central nervous system, and around 50% of patients present with the most aggressive form of the disease, glioblastoma. Conventional therapies, including surgery, radiotherapy, and pharmacotherapy (typically chemotherapy with temozolomide), have not resulted in major improvements in the survival outcomes with only a median survival of around 15 months.The main reason may be related to the highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In recent years, the microbiome has emerged as a key regulator of not only systemic immune regulation but brain circuitry, neuro-physiology and microglia development. We hypothesized that there is a link between the gut microbiota and the GBM development and evolution through the immune regulation cells (microglia and tumor related macrophagocyte) in the blood circulation to impact the prognosis( PFS and MST) of GBM patients.