Active clinical trials for "Neoplasms"

The study is designed to measure serum and salivary CYFRA21-1 levels using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in patients with oral malignancy, oral potentially malignant lesions, and control subjects to evaluate the potential of CYFRA21-1 as a diagnostic marker for malignant transformation in potentially malignant oral mucosal lesions.

The aim of this study is to assess the effect of RT or chemo-RT on chemosensory gustatory function in patients with HNC. By using detailed dosimetric data derived from the RT planning system, we will be able to calculate mean radiation doses to important structures including the anterior and posterior tongue, oral cavity, parotid and submandibular salivary glands, and correlate them with both qualitative and quantitative data for dysgeusia.

Cytoreduction surgery (CRS) followed by hyperthermic intra-operative peritoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is a relatively new treatment for selected patients with peritoneal metastases of colorectal origin (PMCR). Data from outside of trials suggest that CRS and HIPEC improves survival compared with the current standard care (chemotherapy). The big challenge is to do trials in this setting - as the intervention is complex, and there are wide variations in the process and recording of outcomes. If trials can confirm the findings from non-randomised studies there are an estimated 1000 to 2000 patients who may benefit from this intervention in the UK each year. The aim of this study is to develop a framework which can be used to undertake a randomised trial in patients with PMCR suitable for CRS with or without HIPEC. The investigators will address this using the principles of the IDEAL (Idea, Development, Evaluation, Assessment & Long term study) framework. Here, a pre-trial feasibility study will be performed between the two national peritoneal tumour treatment centres (Manchester and Basingstoke). This study is designed as such that it will take place over the following four stages: Stage 1. Comparing the treatment data from 100 operations from each of the two centres to identify which of the key components of the intervention differ as well as testing for differences in overall survival and recurrence free survival. Stage 2. Identifying sources of these differences by selecting up to 25 patients and investigating the variation in the way surgeons score key aspects of the procedure Stage 3. Development of a 'trial manual' with standardised definitions (to minimise any differences) Stage 4. Test how well people follow the manual in practice. After this study is complete, it will be possible to use the resulting trial manual to design future randomised trials to test the most suitable clinical question.

Background Post-radiotherapy head and neck cancer (HANC) patients are at increased risk of dental caries and periodontal disease due to radiation-related damage to the teeth and salivary glands. Currently the exact aetiology of post-radiotherapy dental disease, and variation in its incidence and severity based on tumour location and radiotherapy dose, is poorly understood. Consequently there is a lack of clear guidance on how HANC patients should be dentally managed both before and after their radiotherapy. Aim The aim of this study is to quantify the relationship between dental radiation dose, 'spared' parotid gland radiation dose, tumour location, and post-radiotherapy dental disease. Methods A prospective cohort study will be undertaken in HANC patients treated with radiotherapy. A total of 215 patients will be recruited over a period of 2.5 years. Participants will be assessed and rendered dentally fit prior to radiotherapy in the School of Dentistry, Belfast. All patients will be followed-up at 6, 12, and 24-months post-radiotherapy. Data to be collected at each visit will include: total number of carious teeth, periodontal disease indices, salivary flow rates, diet, oral hygiene, mouth opening, xerostomia and oral health-related quality of life. Radiotherapy, including individual tissue-dose exposures, will be prescribed by the Clinical Oncology team as per current practice. Doses to the teeth and 'spared' parotid gland will be determined using radiotherapy research software (Non-Clinical Eclipse System sold by Varian Medical Systems UK Ltd). Using appropriate statistical tests, data analysis will determine the relationship between dental disease, radiation dose, and tumour location. Anticipated variation in the incidence and severity of post-radiotherapy dental disease based on the radiotherapy dose and tumour location, will inform the development of a clinical risk-assessment tool that will allow dentists to categorise patients as 'high' or 'low' risk of future disease. Guidelines regarding pre-radiotherapy dental extractions and post-radiotherapy preventative strategies will also be developed and will advise clinicians based on this risk assessment. A micro-costings study will be undertaken to evaluate patient and healthcare costs associated with the diagnosis and management of pre- and post-radiotherapy dental disease.

The role of immunity in the development of cancers, and the associated escape mechanisms, have attracted renewed interest since the publication of tests testing immunological checkpoint inhibitors. One of the steps in the probably least studied immunological response is the penetration of immunocompetent cells within the tumor across the vascular barrier. This infiltration is suggested as a prognostic and predictive marker of treatment response, particularly in triple negative HER2 (Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2) overexpressing breast cancers. The methods of evaluating these infiltrates are complex and have been the subject of recommendations. A better understanding of the mechanisms of infiltration of immunity cells within tumors will certainly help to better understand the impact of cancer treatments and develop new therapeutic strategies. It is this issue of vascular endothelium that Dr. Soncin's team is developing as part of an INCa (Institut National du cancer) project. The egfl7 / VE-statin (vascular endothelial-statin) gene is thought to be involved in transendothelial passage of immune cells from vascular lumen to tumor. Its expression has already been studied in a series of breast cancers. Other markers of endothelial activation are currently being identified. The main objective of this project will be to better understand the behavior of the endothelium in a population of breast cancer where the infiltrate in immune cells is precisely likely to play a leading role. This retrospective cohort of 250 to 300 cases treated with adjuvant and neoadjuvant will be immunologically characterized using the recommendations of Salgado et al. that a multicentric team of pathologists will take ownership. This evaluation will be counter-appraised. Once our cohort is immunologically characterized, our project will focus on better understanding the endothelial mechanisms involved: which cells? immunophenotyping of immunity cells. By which vessels? (measurement of densities in blood and lymphatic vessels, density in HEV). By what mechanisms? Do the actors identified in vitro within the Inca project have an in vivo translation

Egypt is an endemic area of HCV.Cirrhosis and HCC are the most serious complications of chronic HCV infection.Some studies noted that the risk of HCC increased 17-fold among HCV-infected patients compared with anti-HCV negative controls. Many studies demonstrate that direct antiviral therapy seems to accelerate the development of HCC, soon after the end of treatment, in those patients at higher risk of HCC occurrence or recurrence; and preliminary reports seem to indicate that HCC developed after direct antiviral therapy has more aggressive features. These findings clearly indicate the need for aggressive and close monitoring of cirrhotic patients during and after antiviral treatment, to detect and treat HCC at their earliest occurrence. Genetic variation plays a key role in HCC susceptibility and development of the disease.Genotype distribution frequency data can be used to map single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) diversity in a population and to examine the risk and development of specific diseases.Many reports indicate an association between SNPs in certain genes and the susceptibility and clinicopathological status of HCC. MMP-1 is an endogenous peptide enzyme that is most widely expressed in interstitial collagenase,which can degrade the extracellular matrix surrounding tumor cells. It is involved in many stages of tumorigenesis, in angiogenesis, and in suppression of tumor cell apoptosis . MMP-1 - 1607 1G/2G (rs1799750) contains a guanine insertion/deletion polymorphism at position - 1607 and is a functional (SNP) that can upregulate MMP expression. The association between the MMP-1 - 1607 1G/2G polymorphism and the emergence of several diseases including the risk for many cancers has been reported. There are results suggest that MMP-1 is overexpressed in a large proportion of patients with HCC which correlated with the disease progression and poor clinical outcome. Furthermore, MMP-1 high expression proved to be a risk factor for tumor recurrence and independent molecular marker of prognosis in HCC and may become a novel target in the strategies for the prediction of tumor progression and prognosis of this disease. Aim: Is to asses: The contribution of MMP-1-1607 genotype polymorphism to the risk of HCC on top of HCV. The relationship between MMP-1-1607 gene polymorphism with HCC in patients who received antiviral treatment to HCV.

Mainly compared with GP induction chemotherapy combined with IMRT and TPF induction chemotherapy combined with IMRT in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, the cure rate, remission rate, treatment of distant metastases and lymph node metastasis, quality of life improvement rate, etc.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a genetically heterogeneous disease and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a curative treatment option for AML except for AML-M3. Relapse remains the major cause of treatment failure after allo-HSCT. Molecular residual disease has been shown to be a strong risk factor for relapse after HSCT. In this study, the investigators will detect mutations before/after allo-HSCT by using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technique to measure residual disease and evaluate the prognostic impact of molecular residual disease in a cohort of AML participants receiving allo-HSCT.

This study aims to observe the difference between NMAP (nicotinamide metabolism associated protein) serum levels in primary diagnosed renal cancer patients and non-renal cancer patient controls, plot the ROC curve and establish appropriate cut-off values.

Calculation of the expected residual renal tissue volume using contrast CT in renal tumor patients and its effect on preoperative decision making Calculating the modulation between the residual normal renal tissue volume measured 6 months post operatively and the preoperative estimated normal renal tissue volume. Assessment of the value of adding residual normal renal tissue volume to the PADUA score in decision making. To reach a suggested cut off value of residual renal tissue that is adequate for a NSS trial