Active clinical trials for "Neoplasms"

The purpose of this study is to determine the predictive value of a mRNA signature and liquid biopsy in patients with Diffuse Large B cell lymphoma.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by clonal expansion of myeloid progenitors (blasts) in the bone marrow and peripheral blood.Several studies have reported correlations of aberrantly expressed markers by flowcytometry with clinical outcome in AML. X-inactive specific transcript RNA was one of the first long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) to be discovered in the early 1990s. Xist RNA is the master regulator of XCI, the epigenetic process that equalizes the dosage of X-linked genes between female (XX) and male (XY) mammals. Yildirim et al., (2013) deleted Xist in the blood compartment of mice and demonstrated that mutant females developed a highly aggressive myeloproliferative neoplasm and myelodysplastic syndrome (mixed MPN/MDS) with 100% penetrance. Their study implies that human hematologic cancers may result from overdosage of X, either from Xist loss on Xi or from duplication of Xa. And they proposed that carcinogenesis is driven by a series of changes occurring in the HSC and further accumulated in mature hematopoietic cells. These changes are initiated by loss of Xist, which leads to progressive X reactivation, which in turn induces a cascade of unfavorable genome-wide changes that include dysregulation of genes involved in DNA replication, chromosome segregation, cell-cycle checkpoints, and hematopoiesis. A failure of HSC maturation and loss of long-term HSC in the marrow progressively shift hematopoiesis to extramedullary sites resulting in extra medullary hematopoiesis (EMH), thereby causally linking the X chromosome to cancer in mice. Thus, they concluded that Xist RNA not only is required to maintain XCI but also suppresses cancer in vivo. Indeed, the emerging role of aberrant gene dosage in diseases, whether of the X chromosome or for autosomes, brings with it the possible application of drugs that impact on epigenetic regulators in potential therapeutic strategies. To date, there are no published studies on human about Xist gene and its relationship with the immunophenotyping in AML patients. So, this will be the first study designed to explain its unexplored pathway in AML and detect its prognostic role and immunophenotypic association.

Researchers are looking to further our knowledge on disease biology and treatment selection for gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. The purpose of this study is to see how useful it is to look for changes and characteristics in your genes (molecules that contain instructions for the development and functioning of the cells) and the genes within the tumour. These characteristics may be useful in choosing treatments for patients for the future.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of plasma cells engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. A strong presumption was established between exposure to pesticides and the risk of MM. The French West Indies departments of Guadeloupe and Martinique are characterized by a wide use of pesticides related to bananas plantation, particularly chlordecone which has been classified by IARC as possibly carcinogenic and has recognized hormonal properties (endocrine disruptor). The objective of this study is to measure the association between exposure to pesticide and other environmental factors in the occurrence of MM in Guadeloupe and Martinique and to estimate the proportion of cases of MM attributable to pesticide exposure. Genetic susceptibility markers and their links to environmental factors will be subsequently studies from blood samples collection.

In this study, investigators apply a radiopathomics artificial intelligence (AI) supportive model to predict neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) response before the nCRT is delivered for the patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). The radiopathomics AI system predicts individual tumor regression grading (TRG) category based on each patient's radiopathomics features extracted from the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and biopsy images. The predictive power to classify each patient into particular TRG category will be validated in this multicenter, prospective clinical study.

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a promising biomarker for noninvasive assessment of cancer burden. In this study, PEAC (Personalized Analysis of Cancer) technology was performed to detect the driver gene mutations from plasma samples and matched tumor tissue samples were detected by NGS platform at baseline. Investigators also applied ctDNA dynamic monitoring using PEAC technology in early stage NSCLC patients with driver mutations positive at baseline, to evaluate the feasibility and their potential clinical application.

Pancreatic metastases are a rare entity. In cases of metastatic renal carcinoma (RCC) it can present as isolated pancreatic metastasis, considering the possibility of surgical resection. Goals: Define survival after resection of pancreatic cancer metastases renal in a wide range of our country. Identify predictive survival factors Methods: Retrospective multicenter study in which cases of pancreatic resection due to renal cancer metastases.

With the introducing of neoadjuvant therapy, it becomes ever more important to evaluate the preoperative TNM (cTNM) stage accurately facilitating preoperative treatment as well as the adjuvant therapy. At present, the recommendation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy varies among guidelines especially between eastern and western countries. According to the updated Japanese gastric cancer treatment guidelines (ver.5), neoadjuvant chemotherapy is the recommended standard procedure for patients with cT2-4 stages. However, the acknowledgement of preoperative therapy accompanied by the higher risk of overtreatment. As mentioned in JCOG1302-A, the overall precision rate in cT staging is 38.8%. Patients diagnosed with pI stages postoperatively account for 6.5% in cT3-4N+ treatment indicating more likely to avoiding the overtreatment comparing to patients with other cT stages. Inspired by JCOG1302-A, this multicentre study prospectively collect data in preoperative TNM staging assessment using CT(computed tomography, CT) scan and the postoperative TNM (pTNM) staging according to histopathologically examination. By analyzing the accordance between the cTNM and pTNM, this study aims to evaluate the current accuracy of the cTNM staging in china, verifying the proportion of pI stages less than 5% in cIII stage diagnosis patients, learning the overtreating rate in neoadjuvant chemotherapy in China and furthermore, to discover the scope of beneficiaries for neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) entity with a particularly poor prognosis (median survival less than 3 years). They are still poorly characterized biologically, largely because of their rarity (300 cases / year in France) and the difficulty for obtaining a material of sufficient quality and quantity. It is nevertheless assumed that their pathophysiology is particular, since they develop exclusively in an immunological sanctuary, and that they present some characteristic molecular abnormalities (mutation of MYD88 or TBL1XR1 for example). A collection of 74 PCNSLs has created, clinically annotated, from which frozen material is available in addition to the material fixed and included in paraffin (cohort ALYCE). Informed consent was gathered for all patients. Comparative Genomic Hybridization-array analysis of this cohort has already revealed abnormalities associated with a poor prognosis (unpublished data). The objective of this study is to complete this analysis by sequencing a panel of 96 mutant genes recurrently in DLBCLs and PCNSLs, and the molecular determination of the original cell by the (RT-MLPA) Reverse Transcriptase-Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification technique. The integration of genetic, molecular and transcriptomic data may define prognostic markers and open perspectives for translational research in PCNSL.

Benign cysts and cystic-appearing lesions in and around the knee are common and differentiation between them through the history, symptoms and clinical examination is difficult due to the presence of common findings such as pain, edema, and palpable mass. The clinical presentation depends on the location, size of the lesion and its relation with the surrounding structures.