
Effectiveness of the Routine Use of Extubation Protocol on the Incidence of Occurrence of Failures...
Respiratory InsufficiencyThe failure of extubation in pediatric resuscitation is most often described as the need for reintubation within 48 hours after extubation. The failure rate of extubation in pediatric intensive care varies in the literature there is between 4 and 22% failures. These failures result in increased mortality, morbidity with a use of larger tracheostomy, a prolonged residence time. The extubation is codified in adult resuscitation and tends to be increasingly in pediatric resuscitation. In the pediatric intensive care unit of Hautepierre, a extubation protocol already exists for some time, and was prepared to go. the current literature data. It allows the harmonization of practices in service (previously left to the discretion of each doctor). The investigators are looking to see if the protocol used systematically in the service enables a reduction in the incidence of occurrence of failures of extubation.

Sleep-disordered Breathing After Solid Organ Transplantation
Lung TransplantationSleep-disordered BreathingSleep-disordered breathing (SDB) describes a group of disorders in which partial or complete cessation of breathing occurs many times throughout the night, resulting in daytime sleepiness or fatigue that interferes with a person's ability to function and reduces quality of life. Transplantation has become an important treatment modality for end-stage organ failure. Transplant recipients are now living longer and, hence, develop chronic adverse medical conditions. Furthermore, transplantation is associated with weight gain. Despite the high prevalence of poor sleep and cardiovascular conditions among transplant patients, SDB is not well studied in these patients.

Discovery of New Early Detection Biomarkers From Peripheral Blood of Acute Respiratory Distress...
Acute Respiratory Distress SyndromeAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has a very poor prognosis and high mortality. To improve the early diagnosis of ARDS, there is an urgent need for novel biomarkers of ARDS. This project aims to detect novel biomarkers from peripheral blood , which can improve the early diagnosis and develop a more efficient therapy to enhance ARDS patient survival rate. Clinical data and blood sample were recorded before treatment and after treatment. Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation III (APACHE III) scores were calculated at enrolment. Different kinds of lymphocytes from blood samples would be detected by flow cytometry ,which could be used for discovering high sensitivity and specificity ARDS biomarker.

Impact of Large-Volume Pleural Effusions on Heart Function
Bilateral Pleural EffusionThe physiologic basis for relief from dyspnea after therapeutic thoracentesis remains poorly understood. Improvement of the heart and lung function may contribute to the dyspnea relief. But there is no data support this phenomenon. Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) is a non-invasive viewing of the heart, which can quickly assess the heart function through real-time images. The investigators performed thoracentesis on patients with large-volume pleural effusions, and utilized TTE to access the change of heart and lung function before and after this medical procedure.

Effect of Sleep Apnea on Blood Pressure Control and Outcome Early After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage...
Subarachnoid HemorrhageSleep ApneaIn this observational study patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) will be screened for sleep apnea (SA) to investigate if SA is associated with impaired blood pressure control and worse clinical outcome early after SAH.

Falling in Patients With COPD Referred to Pulmonary Rehabilitation: Incidence, Risk Factors and...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary DiseaseThe primary aim of this study is to investigate the incidence of falling in a cohort of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) referred to a pulmonary rehabilitation program and to verify the risk factors. The secondary aim is to verify whether available balance assessment tools are feasible in clinical practice and which tools and values can best predict falls in people with COPD.

Sleep Apnea and Periodic Breathing
Sleep Apnea SyndromeThe purpose of this study is to determine the double loop index (DLI) threshold with optimal sensitivity and specificity. The investigators hypothesize that the DLI gives a better reflection of the pathophysiology of the disease than the apnea-hypopnea-index (AHI).

The Establishment and Improvement of Community Acquired Pneumonia Monitoring and Disposal Network...
Community Acquired PneumoniaIn the 21st century, threats to human health of new respiratory infectious diseases increased. The project aim is to establish pneumonia pathogens network in Beijing and understand the pathogen spectrum distribution.

Longitudinal Pattern of Streptococcus Pneumoniae Nasopharyngeal Carriage and Antimicrobial Susceptibility...
Streptococcus Pneumoniae Nasopharyngeal CarriageThe objective of this active surveillance study is to make available crucial data about epidemiology, serotype distribution, and longitudinal pattern of antibiotic susceptibility of nasopharyngeal strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae carried in the population of healthy children aged less than years and living in the area of Milan and surroundings, Lombardy, Italy. To estimate the nasopharyngeal carriage rate and longitudinal pattern of Streptococcus pneumoniae in healthy children aged less than 5 years living in the area of Milan, Italy; To describe the circulation of antimicrobial non-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in healthy children aged less than 5 years Secondary objectives: To describe the nasopharyngeal carriage distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in healthy subjects less than 5 years old; To examine the role of risk factors in the Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage rate in healthy children; • To evaluate the possible impact of vaccination policy in the referenced population.

The Role of Fibrocytes in Acute Lung Injury
Acute Lung Injury(ALI)The important character of acute lung injury (ALI) is alveolar capillary membrane damage caused by different diseases, such as sepsis, trauma and shock. One of the important pathological stages is the varying degrees of interstitial fibrosis and semi-permeable alveolar membrane fibrosis. It has been proved that CXCL12/SDF-1 (stromal cell-derived factor-1) induces fibrocyte migration, and promotes fibrosis progression. Study indicated that inhibition of TLR4 receptor signaling pathway improves fibrosis progression induced by ALI, however, the role of fibrocyte in ALI is still unclear. The fibrocytes was significantly increased in asthmatic patients with pulmonary fibrosis, which companies with increased CTGF expression. Therefore, this project assumes that fibrocyte will differentiation to fibroblast/myofibroblast in patient with acute lung injury, which in turn leads to progression of fibrosis. The central hypothesis of this project is that peripheral progenitor cell fibrocytes play an important role in alveolitis caused by acute lung injury. The overall objective of this project is to study the role of fibrocytes in acute lung injury.