Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial (CPPT)
Primary Purpose
Cardiovascular Diseases, Coronary Disease, Heart Diseases
Status
Completed
Phase
Phase 3
Locations
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
cholestyramine
diet, fat-restricted
Sponsored by
About this trial
This is an interventional prevention trial for Cardiovascular Diseases
Eligibility Criteria
Men, ages 35-59. Type II hyperlipoproteinemia. Free from coronary heart disease.
Sites / Locations
Outcomes
Primary Outcome Measures
Secondary Outcome Measures
Full Information
NCT ID
NCT00000488
First Posted
October 27, 1999
Last Updated
April 13, 2016
Sponsor
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
1. Study Identification
Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT00000488
Brief Title
Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial (CPPT)
Study Type
Interventional
2. Study Status
Record Verification Date
April 2012
Overall Recruitment Status
Completed
Study Start Date
June 1973 (undefined)
Primary Completion Date
undefined (undefined)
Study Completion Date
October 1989 (Actual)
3. Sponsor/Collaborators
Name of the Sponsor
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
4. Oversight
5. Study Description
Brief Summary
To determine whether reduction of cholesterol by drug therapy significantly lowered the atherosclerotic coronary heart disease rate in a group of hypercholesterolemic but otherwise healthy men.
Total dollars spent on the CPPT from June 1973 were $142,250,000. We do not have a year-by-year breakdown.
Detailed Description
BACKGROUND:
Numerous prospective epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for atherosclerotic coronary heart disease. Research on animals indicating that the reduction of serum cholesterol prevented or reversed atherosclerosis had not been shown convincingly in humans. The Coronary Primary Prevention Trial tested the hypothesis that lowering the serum cholesterol in patients who had no existing evidence of coronary heart disease would reduce the subsequent rate of coronary heart disease in those persons.
Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death and a major cause of morbidity in the United States. The very slow development of the underlying arterial disease and its frequently sudden onset and quickly fatal course necessitate a preventive approach if substantial inroads are to be made. The positive result from the Coronary Primary Prevention Trial (CPPT) has done much to resolve the controversy regarding the benefits of lipid-lowering, and should lead to firm advice for high-risk hypercholesterolemic subjects and for the population as a whole.
The CPPT was part of the Institute's Lipid Research Clinic Program under the Lipid Metabolism Branch, DHVD, NHLBI. Twelve lipid research clinics in the United States and Canada participated in this trial, as well as a coordinating center, a central electrocardiographic laboratory, central lipid and clinical chemistry laboratories, a nutrition coding center, and a group of consultants on recruitment and adherence. This program's objectives included the development of standardized methods and definitions for the diagnosis of hyperlipoproteinemia and the performance of a series of collaborative studies of the prevalence and natural history of this disorder, as well as the design and implementation of the Coronary Primary Prevention Trial.
The protocol for the trial was approved in November 1972. Beginning in July 1973, men with hypercholesterolemia were recruited as potential trial subjects from such diverse sources as physician referrals, blood bank donor lists, and mass screening programs. Each subject was screened further in a series of four visits, the purpose of which was to select only men (1) whose lipid abnormality was of the primary Type II phenotype, (2) who were free of clinically manifest coronary heart disease, and (3) whose excellent overall health and reliability made 7-10 years of follow-up a realistic objective. Additionally, a standardized limited-cholesterol/saturated fat diet was initiated at the second of these visits in order to exclude men whose cholesterol levels were highly responsive to diet. Subjects who met all the selection criteria were randomly assigned, in a double-blind fashion, to receive either the cholesterol-lowering drug cholestyramine or a placebo at their fifth visit.
Recruitment of the 3,806 CPPT subjects was completed in July 1976. After randomization into the study, each subject visited his clinic at bimonthly intervals. At these visits, adherence to drug and diet were assessed, the study medication was supplied, general health and potential toxic side effects were monitored, and intervening cardiovascular events were recorded. Counseling in drug and dietary adherence were given at each visit, and medical advice was given when a problem was identified. Trial data were collected and analyzed at the Central Patient Registry and reviewed periodically by a Safety and Data Monitoring Board. Intervention ceased between May and August 1983. A five-year follow-up was initiated in November 1984 to detect possible toxicity in the CPPT participants following ingestion of cholestyramine (or placebo) for 7 to 10 years. Follow-up was completed in October 1989.
DESIGN NARRATIVE:
Randomized, double-blind, fixed sample size with one experimental group and one control group of equal size. Experimental group on diet and lipid-lowering drug regimen; control group on diet and placebo regimen.
6. Conditions and Keywords
Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Cardiovascular Diseases, Coronary Disease, Heart Diseases, Myocardial Ischemia
7. Study Design
Primary Purpose
Prevention
Study Phase
Phase 3
Masking
Double
Allocation
Randomized
8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions
Intervention Type
Drug
Intervention Name(s)
cholestyramine
Intervention Type
Behavioral
Intervention Name(s)
diet, fat-restricted
10. Eligibility
Sex
Male
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
35 Years
Maximum Age & Unit of Time
59 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Eligibility Criteria
Men, ages 35-59. Type II hyperlipoproteinemia. Free from coronary heart disease.
Overall Study Officials:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Francois Abboud
Organizational Affiliation
University of Iowa
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Elizabeth Barrett-Connor
Organizational Affiliation
University of California, San Diego
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Reagan Bradford
Organizational Affiliation
Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Marilyn Buzzard
Organizational Affiliation
University of Minnesota
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Gerald Cooper
Organizational Affiliation
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
John Farquhar
Organizational Affiliation
Stanford University
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Ivan Frantz
Organizational Affiliation
University of Minnesota
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Anne Goldberg
Organizational Affiliation
Washington University School of Medicine
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Frank Ibbott
Organizational Affiliation
Bio-Science Laboratories
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
William, Insull
Organizational Affiliation
Baylor College of Medicine
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Robert Knoop
Organizational Affiliation
University of Washington
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Peter Kwiterovich
Organizational Affiliation
Johns Hopkins University
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
John LaRosa
Organizational Affiliation
George Washington University
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
J. Little
Organizational Affiliation
University of Toronto
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
L. Sheffield
Organizational Affiliation
University of Alabama at Birmingham
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Dennis Sprecher
Organizational Affiliation
University of Cincinnati
12. IPD Sharing Statement
Citations:
PubMed Identifier
489702
Citation
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Citation
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Citation
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PubMed Identifier
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Citation
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Results Reference
derived
Available IPD and Supporting Information:
Available IPD/Information Type
Individual Participant Data Set
Available IPD/Information URL
http://biolincc.nhlbi.nih.gov/studies/lrccppt/
Available IPD/Information Identifier
LRC-CPPT
Available IPD/Information Comments
NHLBI provides controlled access to IPD through BioLINCC. Access requires registration, evidence of local IRB approval or certification of exemption from IRB review, and completion of a data use agreement.
Available IPD/Information Type
Study Forms
Available IPD/Information URL
http://biolincc.nhlbi.nih.gov/studies/lrccppt/
Learn more about this trial
Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial (CPPT)
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