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Aerosols in the Treatment of Asymptomatic Pneumocystis Pneumonia: A Pilot Study Assessing the Effectiveness of Aerosolized Pentamidine as Treatment of Subclinical Pneumocystis Infection in Patients With No Clinical Symptoms

Primary Purpose

Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carinii, HIV Infections

Status
Completed
Phase
Not Applicable
Locations
United States
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
Pentamidine isethionate
Sponsored by
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
About
Eligibility
Locations
Outcomes
Full info

About this trial

This is an interventional treatment trial for Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carinii focused on measuring Respiratory Function Tests, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, Pneumonia, Pneumocystis carinii, Pentamidine, Lung, HIV Seropositivity, Drug Evaluation, Administration, Inhalation, Aerosols, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Eligibility Criteria

13 Years - undefined (Child, Adult, Older Adult)All SexesDoes not accept healthy volunteers

Inclusion Criteria Concurrent Treatment: Allowed during aerosolization: Metaproterenol or albuterol to treat bronchospasm. Patients must have: HIV infection confirmed by ELISA, HIV culture, or p24 antigenemia. Suspected subclinical Pneumocystis carinii infection as detected by > 10 percent change in lung volumes and/or diffusing capacity indicative of progressive restrictive disease as detected by monthly screening pulmonary function tests (PFT's). Patients will be afebrile and have no respiratory signs or symptoms of clinical disease. Morphologic confirmation of pneumocysts will be determined by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) performed 24 hours after the initial aerosol inhalation. If the BAL is negative for pneumocysts, the patient will be withdrawn from this protocol and will be followed per the screening PFT protocol at Stony Brook. Diagnostic bronchoscopy and BAL must be performed within 2 weeks of detection of > 10 percent change in PFTs. Ability and willingness to sign informed consent. Prior Medication: Allowed: Primary prophylaxis with agents active against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), but no more than 5 patients may have received prior prophylaxis with aerosolized pentamidine. Zidovudine. Exclusion Criteria Co-existing Condition: Patients with the following conditions or symptoms are excluded: History of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). Development of respiratory signs and/or symptoms in the interval between detection of pulmonary function test (PFT) abnormality and the time of initial aerosol deposition. Dyspnea, cough, or bronchospasm that prevents cooperation with aerosol administration. History of a major adverse reaction to pentamidine defined by absolute neutropenia, < 750 polymorphonuclear leukocytes plus bands; thrombocytopenia, < 40000 platelets; creatinine rise, > 3.0 mg/dl; liver function abnormalities, SGOT or SGPT > 5 x normal; hypoglycemia, < 50 mg/dl; rash, exfoliative or mucositis; cough, unremitting cough or bronchospasm uncontrolled by bronchodilator preventing > 50 percent of dose delivered for > 2 days. Concurrent Medication: Excluded: Zidovudine. Patients unable to cooperate with aerosol administration are excluded. Prior Medication: Excluded: - Another antiprotozoal regimen for this episode. Unable to complete therapy or follow-up for social reasons in the opinion of the investigator.

Sites / Locations

  • SUNY - Stony Brook

Outcomes

Primary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

Full Information

First Posted
November 2, 1999
Last Updated
October 26, 2021
Sponsor
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
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1. Study Identification

Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT00000707
Brief Title
Aerosols in the Treatment of Asymptomatic Pneumocystis Pneumonia: A Pilot Study Assessing the Effectiveness of Aerosolized Pentamidine as Treatment of Subclinical Pneumocystis Infection in Patients With No Clinical Symptoms
Official Title
Aerosols in the Treatment of Asymptomatic Pneumocystis Pneumonia: A Pilot Study Assessing the Effectiveness of Aerosolized Pentamidine as Treatment of Subclinical Pneumocystis Infection in Patients With No Clinical Symptoms
Study Type
Interventional

2. Study Status

Record Verification Date
October 2021
Overall Recruitment Status
Completed
Study Start Date
undefined (undefined)
Primary Completion Date
undefined (undefined)
Study Completion Date
June 1991 (Actual)

3. Sponsor/Collaborators

Responsible Party, by Official Title
Sponsor
Name of the Sponsor
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)

4. Oversight

5. Study Description

Brief Summary
To confirm the ability of pulmonary (lung) function testing (PFT) to detect Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) before the development of clinical symptoms and to determine if pentamidine (PEN), a drug used in treating PCP, can be given effectively as an aerosol (inhaled mist). Other goals include the measurement of the actual amount of PEN that reaches the lung, and to determine if close clinical observation is safer and as effective as drug therapy for the prevention of subsequent episodes of PCP. Many AIDS patients develop PCP, but the effectiveness of early diagnosis and treatment of PCP is not known. The effectiveness of PEN may be improved if treatment is begun when the parasite burden (the number of organisms in the lung) is still small, and before respiratory symptoms appear. If PFT of HIV-infected patients is able to identify patients in the early stages of infection, outpatient treatment of these patients offers a possible alternative to the expense and toxicity of continuous preventive therapy of all high-risk patients.
Detailed Description
Many AIDS patients develop PCP, but the effectiveness of early diagnosis and treatment of PCP is not known. The effectiveness of PEN may be improved if treatment is begun when the parasite burden (the number of organisms in the lung) is still small, and before respiratory symptoms appear. If PFT of HIV-infected patients is able to identify patients in the early stages of infection, outpatient treatment of these patients offers a possible alternative to the expense and toxicity of continuous preventive therapy of all high-risk patients. Patients are treated with aerosolized PEN on an outpatient basis. The aerosol therapy is given by a respiratory therapist 5 times a week, for a total of 21 days of treatment. In addition, patients participate in two radioactive aerosol studies in which the patient inhales a radioactive gas while sitting with his/her back against a gamma camera. The resulting picture outlines the lungs. Then the gas is exhaled and the patient breathes an aerosol of PEN. This mist contains a single dose of PEN mixed with a small amount of radioactivity (99mTc-pertechnetate). The gamma camera determines where the particles deposit in the lungs. The radioactive exposure is equivalent to a typical x-ray of the ribs. Patients also undergo diagnostic bronchoscopy with lavage, and PFT. Blood is drawn to measure the blood level of PEN. Patients are followed (clinical exams and PFT's) for 6 months after the end of therapy. Prophylaxis for PCP is allowed during the 6-month follow-up.

6. Conditions and Keywords

Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carinii, HIV Infections
Keywords
Respiratory Function Tests, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, Pneumonia, Pneumocystis carinii, Pentamidine, Lung, HIV Seropositivity, Drug Evaluation, Administration, Inhalation, Aerosols, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

7. Study Design

Primary Purpose
Treatment
Study Phase
Not Applicable
Masking
None (Open Label)
Enrollment
20 (false)

8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions

Intervention Type
Drug
Intervention Name(s)
Pentamidine isethionate

10. Eligibility

Sex
All
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
13 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria Concurrent Treatment: Allowed during aerosolization: Metaproterenol or albuterol to treat bronchospasm. Patients must have: HIV infection confirmed by ELISA, HIV culture, or p24 antigenemia. Suspected subclinical Pneumocystis carinii infection as detected by > 10 percent change in lung volumes and/or diffusing capacity indicative of progressive restrictive disease as detected by monthly screening pulmonary function tests (PFT's). Patients will be afebrile and have no respiratory signs or symptoms of clinical disease. Morphologic confirmation of pneumocysts will be determined by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) performed 24 hours after the initial aerosol inhalation. If the BAL is negative for pneumocysts, the patient will be withdrawn from this protocol and will be followed per the screening PFT protocol at Stony Brook. Diagnostic bronchoscopy and BAL must be performed within 2 weeks of detection of > 10 percent change in PFTs. Ability and willingness to sign informed consent. Prior Medication: Allowed: Primary prophylaxis with agents active against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), but no more than 5 patients may have received prior prophylaxis with aerosolized pentamidine. Zidovudine. Exclusion Criteria Co-existing Condition: Patients with the following conditions or symptoms are excluded: History of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). Development of respiratory signs and/or symptoms in the interval between detection of pulmonary function test (PFT) abnormality and the time of initial aerosol deposition. Dyspnea, cough, or bronchospasm that prevents cooperation with aerosol administration. History of a major adverse reaction to pentamidine defined by absolute neutropenia, < 750 polymorphonuclear leukocytes plus bands; thrombocytopenia, < 40000 platelets; creatinine rise, > 3.0 mg/dl; liver function abnormalities, SGOT or SGPT > 5 x normal; hypoglycemia, < 50 mg/dl; rash, exfoliative or mucositis; cough, unremitting cough or bronchospasm uncontrolled by bronchodilator preventing > 50 percent of dose delivered for > 2 days. Concurrent Medication: Excluded: Zidovudine. Patients unable to cooperate with aerosol administration are excluded. Prior Medication: Excluded: - Another antiprotozoal regimen for this episode. Unable to complete therapy or follow-up for social reasons in the opinion of the investigator.
Overall Study Officials:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Smaldone G
Official's Role
Study Chair
Facility Information:
Facility Name
SUNY - Stony Brook
City
Stony Brook
State/Province
New York
ZIP/Postal Code
11794
Country
United States

12. IPD Sharing Statement

Citations:
PubMed Identifier
2008984
Citation
Smaldone GC, Fuhrer J, Steigbigel RT, McPeck M. Factors determining pulmonary deposition of aerosolized pentamidine in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1991 Apr;143(4 Pt 1):727-37. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm/143.4_Pt_1.727.
Results Reference
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Aerosols in the Treatment of Asymptomatic Pneumocystis Pneumonia: A Pilot Study Assessing the Effectiveness of Aerosolized Pentamidine as Treatment of Subclinical Pneumocystis Infection in Patients With No Clinical Symptoms

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