PET Scans in Diagnosing Primary or Recurrent Cervical Cancer in Patients Who Are Undergoing Surgery

A Pilot Study of 18F-Flourodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in the Diagnosis of Primary and Recurrent Cervical Cancer

RATIONALE: New imaging procedures such as fludeoxyglucose F 18 PET scan may improve the ability to detect cancer or recurrence of cancer. PURPOSE: Clinical trial to study the effectiveness of fludeoxyglucose F 18 PET scan in diagnosing primary or recurrent cervical cancer in patients who are undergoing surgery.

OBJECTIVES: Assess the feasibility of using fludeoxyglucose F 18 (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in patients with primary or recurrent cervical cancer. Investigate the ability of FDG-PET scan imaging to detect lymph node metastases in these patients. Investigate the ability of FDG-PET imaging to identify locally advanced disease in early stage cervical cancers. Compare FDG-PET to CT scan imaging with respect to distinguishing between postradiation pelvic fibrosis and recurrent cervical cancer. Investigate the ability of FDG-PET to identify recurrent cervical cancer. OUTLINE: This is a diagnostic study. Patients with primary cervical cancer receive fludeoxyglucose F 18 (FDG) intravenously followed 45 minutes later with positron emission tomography (PET) imaging over 60 minutes, as well as computed tomography (CT) scan. Both diagnostic imaging techniques are to assess the abdomen and pelvis, and must be done within 2 weeks prior to surgery. Patients eligible for surgery undergo radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy and all specimens are evaluated for correlation with the preoperative diagnostic tests findings. Patients with recurrent cervical cancer obtain FDG-PET scan and CT scan of the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis prior to surgical exploration for pelvic exenteration. All biopsy specimens are evaluated for correlation with diagnostic tests findings. PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 30 patients (20 patients with primary cervical cancer and 10 patients with recurrent cervical cancer) will be accrued for this study.

DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS: Must meet one of the following criteria: Histologically confirmed primary invasive squamous carcinoma or adenocarcinoma of the cervix History of cervical cancer suspected of being recurrent Known diagnosis of recurrent cervical cancer being considered for pelvic exenteration PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS: Age: 18 and over Performance status: Not specified Life expectancy: Not specified Hematopoietic: Not specified Hepatic: Not specified Renal: Not specified Other: No insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus No active serious infection not controlled by antibiotics Must tolerate being in the scanner for the duration of the study Not mentally retarded No prisoners Not pregnant or nursing PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY: Biologic therapy: Not specified Chemotherapy: Not specified Endocrine therapy: Not specified Radiotherapy: Not specified Surgery: Not specified