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Hormone Therapy and Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Prostate Cancer

Primary Purpose

Prostate Cancer

Status
Completed
Phase
Phase 3
Locations
International
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
Casodex
Eulexin
LHRH agonist
radiation therapy
Sponsored by
Radiation Therapy Oncology Group
About
Eligibility
Locations
Arms
Outcomes
Full info

About this trial

This is an interventional treatment trial for Prostate Cancer focused on measuring adenocarcinoma of the prostate, stage IIB prostate cancer, stage IIA prostate cancer, stage III prostate cancer

Eligibility Criteria

18 Years - 120 Years (Adult, Older Adult)MaleDoes not accept healthy volunteers

Inclusion Criteria Adenocarcinoma of prostatic origin histologically-confirmed within 180 days of the randomization date. Zubrod Performance Status 0-1 (Appendix II). Prostatic biopsy tumor grading by the Gleason Score classification (Appendix VI) is mandatory prior to randomization. Patients at intermediate risk for disease relapse as determined by any of the following combinations of factors (NOTE: tumor found in one or both lobes on biopsy, but not palpable, will not alter T stage): Clinical stage T1b-4, Gleason score 2-6, and prostate-specific antigen >10 but ≤ 100. Clinical stage T1b-4, Gleason score 7, and prostate-specific antigen < 20. Clinical stage T1b-1c, Gleason score 8-10, and prostate-specific antigen <20. Clinically negative (N0) lymph nodes (LN) as established by imaging (pelvic ± abdominal CT, MRI or LAG), or negative LN by nodal sampling or dissection (laparoscopy or laparotomy). Patients with radiologic (e.g., CT, MRI or LAG) or radioimmunoscintigraphy (i.e., ProstaScint™) findings suggestive of regional nodal involvement are eligible if cytologic (e.g., needle aspiration) or histologic (e.g., surgical sampling) evaluation shows no evidence of a neoplastic process (i.e., prostatic or non-prostatic malignancy). Patients with equivocal radiologic findings (maximum nodal size ≤ 1.5 cm) are eligible. No distant (M0) metastases. Patients with radionuclide imaging (e.g., bone scintigraphy, ProstaScint™) findings suggestive, but not diagnostic of metastatic disease are eligible if radiologic (e.g., standard or tomographic radiography, or CT/MRI) imaging does not confirm metastatic disease. Pretherapy serum (total) prostate-specific antigen value performed with a Federal Drug Administration approved assay method, e.g. Abbott, Hybritech, etc. Treatment must begin within 6 weeks after randomization. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) must be within 2 x upper normal limit. Patients must sign a study-specific informed consent form (Appendix I) prior to randomization. Exclusion Criteria Patients at high risk for disease relapse as determined by either: Prostate-specific antigen ≥ 20 and Gleason score ≥ 7 (any T stage). Clinical stage ≥T2 and Gleason score ≥ 8 (any prostate-specific antigen). Patients at low risk for disease relapse as determined by: • Clinical stage ≤T2, Gleason score ≤ 6, and prostate-specific antigen ≤ 10. Clinical stage Tx, T0, or T1a. Histologic or radiologic evidence of tumor involvement of regional lymph nodes (N1) or the presence of metastatic disease (M1). Pretherapy serum prostate-specific antigen level > 100. Co-morbid medical illness which in the opinion of the investigator is expected to result in a life expectancy of <10 years. Any of the following prior therapies: Pelvic external beam radiation therapy. Radionuclide prostate brachytherapy. Prostatectomy or prostatic cryosurgery. Prior bilateral orchiectomy. Prior androgen suppression therapy; however, patients begun on LHRH agonist therapy remain eligible if (1) LHRH agonists were started no more than 30 days before randomization, and (2) Casodex or Eulexin was (or will be) started no more than 14 days before or after the date that the LHRH agonist injection was given. Any finasteride therapy administered for prostatic hypertrophy must be discontinued. Chemotherapy for prostatic carcinoma. Previous or concomitant invasive cancer, other than localized basal cell or squamous cell skin carcinoma (AJCC Stage 0-II), unless continually disease free for at least 5 years. Major medical or psychiatric illness which, in the opinion of the investigator, would prevent completion of treatment or would interfere with follow-up. The patient's participation in another medical research study that involves prostate cancer treatment.

Sites / Locations

  • University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center
  • Comprehensive Cancer Institute
  • Huntsville Hospital
  • MBCCOP - Gulf Coast
  • Montgomery Cancer Center
  • DCH Cancer Treatment Center
  • Foundation for Cancer Research and Education
  • Providence Saint Joseph Medical Center - Burbank
  • Mount Diablo Medical Center
  • City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center
  • California Cancer Center
  • Saint Agnes Cancer Center
  • Sutter Health Western Division Cancer Research Group
  • Loma Linda University Cancer Institute at Loma Linda University Medical Center
  • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Long Beach
  • USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center and Hospital
  • Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA
  • CCOP - Bay Area Tumor Institute
  • Huntington Cancer Center at Huntington Hospital
  • Robert and Beverly Lewis Family Cancer Care Center
  • Radiation Oncology Center - Sacramento
  • Radiation Medical Group, Incorporated
  • Naval Medical Center - San Diego
  • UCSF Comprehensive Cancer Center
  • O'Connor Hospital
  • CCOP - Santa Rosa Memorial Hospital
  • Torrance Memorial Medical Center
  • David Grant Medical Center
  • Memorial Hospital Cancer Center
  • University of Colorado Cancer Center at University of Colorado Health Sciences Center
  • CCOP - Colorado Cancer Research Program, Incorporated
  • St. Mary's Regional Cancer Center at St. Mary's Hospital and Medical Center
  • Hospital of St. Raphael
  • Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center
  • CCOP - Christiana Care Health Services
  • Sibley Memorial Hospital
  • 21st Century Oncology - Fort Myers
  • Shands Cancer Center at the University of Florida Health Science Center
  • Florida Radiation Oncology Group
  • Holmes Regional Medical Center
  • CCOP - Mount Sinai Medical Center
  • University of Miami Sylvester Cancer Center
  • Baptist Hospital of Miami
  • MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando
  • Bay Medical Center
  • Gulf Coast Cancer Treatment Center
  • Sarasota Radiation and Medical Oncology Center
  • Tallahassee Memorial Hospital
  • H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute
  • Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University
  • CCOP - Atlanta Regional
  • Medical Center/John B. Amos Community Cancer Center
  • Regional Radiation Oncology Center at Rome
  • MBCCOP - Hawaii
  • Northwest Community Hospital
  • Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center at Northwestern University
  • CCOP - Central Illinois
  • Ingalls Memorial Hospital
  • Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center at Loyola University Medical Center
  • Lutheran General Cancer Care Center
  • CCOP - Scott and White Hospital
  • Methodist Medical Center of Illinois
  • St. John's Medical Center
  • Bloomington Hospital
  • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Indianapolis (Roudebush)
  • Methodist Cancer Center at Methodist Hospital
  • Community Regional Cancer Care
  • Ball Memorial Hospital Cancer Center
  • CCOP - Northern Indiana CR Consortium
  • Wendt Regional Cancer Center of Finley Hospital
  • St. Elizabeth Medical Center
  • Central Baptist Hospital
  • Markey Cancer Center at University of Kentucky Chandler Medical Center
  • James Graham Brown Cancer Center at University of Louisville
  • Louisville Radiation Oncology Center at Caritas Regional Cancer Center
  • Merle M. Mahr Cancer Center
  • Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center
  • Tulane University School of Medicine
  • MBCCOP - LSU Health Sciences Center
  • CCOP - Ochsner
  • Maine Medical Center
  • Anne Arundel Oncology Center
  • Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland
  • Greater Baltimore Medical Center and Cancer Center
  • Harbor Hospital Center
  • Sinai Hospital of Baltimore
  • St. Agnes Cancer Center
  • Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins
  • Peninsula Regional Medical Center
  • Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center at Dana Farber Cancer Institute
  • Cancer Research Center at Boston Medical Center
  • Cape Cod Hospital
  • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Boston (Jamaica Plain)
  • NSMC Cancer Center
  • CCOP - Michigan Cancer Research Consortium
  • University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center
  • Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute
  • Josephine Ford Cancer Center at Henry Ford Hospital
  • Hurley Medical Center
  • McLaren Regional Cancer Center
  • CCOP - Kalamazoo
  • Marquette General Hospital
  • MidMichigan Medical Center - Midland
  • CCOP - Beaumont
  • William Beaumont Hospital - Royal Oak
  • William Beaumont Hospital - Troy
  • Fairview University Medical Center - University Campus
  • Mayo Clinic Cancer Center
  • CCOP - Metro-Minnesota
  • Ellis Fischel Cancer Center at University of Missouri - Columbia
  • CCOP - Kansas City
  • St. Louis University Hospital Cancer Center
  • Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology
  • Cancer Research for the Ozarks
  • CCOP - Cancer Research for the Ozarks
  • CCOP - Montana Cancer Consortium
  • CCOP - Missouri Valley Cancer Consortium
  • Methodist Hospital Cancer Center at Nebraska Methodist Hospital - Omaha
  • UNMC Eppley Cancer Center at the University of Nebraska Medical Center
  • CCOP - Southern Nevada Cancer Research Foundation
  • Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada
  • Norris Cotton Cancer Center at Dartmouth Medical School
  • Elliot Regional Cancer Center
  • Cooper Cancer Institute
  • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - East Orange
  • John F. Kennedy Medical Center
  • Trinitas Hospital - Jersey Street Campus
  • Monmouth Medical Center
  • South Jersey Regional Cancer Center
  • Fox Chase Virtua Health Cancer Program at Virtua Memorial Hospital
  • Cancer Institute of New Jersey
  • Newark Beth Israel Medical Center
  • Atlantic City Medical Center
  • Medical Center of Princeton
  • Valley Hospital
  • Somerset Medical Center
  • Community Medical Center
  • Fox Chase Cancer Center at St. Francis Medical Center
  • Associated Radiologists, P.A.
  • Radiation Oncology Associates of Albuquerque
  • Cancer Center of Albany Medical Center
  • State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn
  • New York Methodist Hospital
  • Roswell Park Cancer Institute
  • Finger Lakes Radiation Oncology Center
  • CCOP - North Shore University Hospital
  • Beth Israel Medical Center - Philipps Ambulatory Care Center
  • Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center at Columbia University
  • Champlain Valley Physicians Hospital Medical Center
  • James P. Wilmot Cancer Center at University of Rochester Medical Center
  • CCOP - Syracuse Hematology-Oncology Associates of Central New York, P.C.
  • Riverhill Radiation Oncology
  • Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center at University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill
  • Batte Cancer Center at Northeast Medical Center
  • Leo W. Jenkins Cancer Center of University Health Systems of Eastern Carolina
  • CCOP - Southeast Cancer Control Consortium
  • Comprehensive Cancer Center at Wake Forest University
  • Trinity Cancer Care Center
  • Akron General Medical Center
  • Akron City Hospital
  • Cancer Center at Christ Hospital
  • Charles M. Barrett Cancer Center at University Hospital
  • Ireland Cancer Center
  • University Hospitals of Cleveland
  • Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Center
  • CCOP - Columbus
  • Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital - Ohio State University
  • CCOP - Dayton
  • Parma Community General Hospital
  • CCOP - Toledo Community Hospital
  • Frank C. Love Cancer Institute at St. Anthony Hospital
  • Oklahoma University Medical Center at University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
  • St. John Health System
  • CCOP - Oklahoma
  • CCOP - Columbia River Oncology Program
  • Abington Memorial Hospital
  • John and Dorothy Morgan Cancer Center at Lehigh Valley Hospital
  • St. Luke's Hospital Cancer Center
  • Geisinger Medical Center
  • Mercy Fitzgerald Hospital
  • Delaware County Memorial Hospital
  • Pocono Cancer Center
  • Penn State Cancer Institute at Milton S. Hershey Medical Center
  • Abramson Cancer Center at University of Pennsylvania Medical Center
  • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Philadelphia
  • Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University - Philadelphia
  • Fox Chase Cancer Center
  • Albert Einstein Cancer Center
  • Allegheny General Hospital
  • Mercy Hospital of Pittsburgh
  • Western Pennsylvania Hospital
  • Hillman Cancer Center at University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
  • Reading Hospital and Medical Center
  • Mercy Hospital Cancer Center - Scranton
  • Wilkes-Barre General Hospital
  • CCOP - MainLine Health
  • Wellspan Health - York Cancer Center
  • Roger Williams Medical Center
  • CCOP - Greenville
  • CCOP - Upstate Carolina
  • Rapid City Regional Hospital
  • West Tennessee Cancer Center at Jackson-Madison County General Hospital
  • Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center at Vanderbilt Medical Center
  • Harrington Cancer Center
  • Arlington Cancer Center
  • University of Texas Medical Branch
  • University of Texas - MD Anderson Cancer Center
  • Wilford Hall Medical Center
  • Joe Arrington Cancer Research and Treatment Center
  • Bayshore Medical Center
  • University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
  • Utah Valley Regional Medical Center - Provo
  • Dixie Regional Medical Center
  • University of Utah Health Sciences Center
  • LDS Hospital
  • Green Mountain Oncology Group
  • Vermont Cancer Center at University of Vermont
  • Cancer Center at the University of Virginia
  • RMH Regional Cancer Center
  • Naval Medical Center, Portsmouth
  • Bon Secours - St. Mary's Hospital
  • Massey Cancer Center at Virginia Commonwealth University
  • Cancer Institute at Virginia Mason Medical Center
  • University Cancer Center at University of Washington Medical Center
  • Deaconess Medical Center
  • Yakima Valley Memorial Hospital
  • Schiffler Cancer Center
  • CCOP - St. Vincent Hospital Cancer Center, Green Bay
  • St. Vincent Hospital
  • Gundersen Lutheran Cancer Center at Gundersen Lutheran Medical Center
  • Southern Wisconsin Radiotherapy Center
  • University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center
  • CCOP - Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation
  • Marshfield Clinic
  • Community Memorial Hospital
  • Columbia Hospital
  • St. Luke's Medical Center
  • Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center
  • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Milwaukee (Zablocki)
  • All Saints Cancer Center at All Saints Healthcare
  • Waukesha Memorial Hospital Regional Cancer Center
  • Tom Baker Cancer Center - Calgary
  • Cross Cancer Institute
  • Doctor Leon Richard Oncology Centre
  • Saint John Regional Hospital
  • Newfoundland Cancer Treatment and Research Foundation
  • Nova Scotia Cancer Centre
  • Margaret and Charles Juravinski Cancer Centre
  • Kingston Regional Cancer Centre
  • Cancer Care Ontario-London Regional Cancer Centre
  • Ottawa Regional Cancer Centre
  • Northeastern Ontario Regional Cancer Centre - Sudbury
  • Northwestern Ontario Regional Cancer Care
  • Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre
  • Princess Margaret Hospital
  • CHUS-Hopital Fleurimont
  • Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal
  • McGill University
  • Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec
  • Allan Blair Cancer Centre
  • Saskatoon Cancer Centre

Arms of the Study

Arm 1

Arm 2

Arm Type

Experimental

Experimental

Arm Label

TAS x 8 weeks

TAS x 28 weeks

Arm Description

Total Androgen Suppression (TAS) (LHRH agonist and Casodex or Eulexin) x 8 weeks followed by radiation therapy (RT) with concurrent TAS (LHRH agonist and Casodex or Eulexin).

TAS (LHRH agonist and Casodex or Eulexin) x 28 weeks followed by RT with concurrent TAS (LHRH agonist and Casodex or Eulexin).

Outcomes

Primary Outcome Measures

Disease-specific Survival (DSS) (10-year Rates Reported)
Disease-specific survival time is measured from date of randomization to death due to prostate cancer based on study chair review, with prostate-cancer death defined as (1) primary cause of death certified as due to prostate cancer, (2) complication of therapy, irrespective of disease status, (3) disease progression in the absence of any anti-tumor therapy, or (4) a 1.0 ng/ml-exceeding-rise in serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level on at least two consecutive occasions that occurs during or after salvage androgen suppression therapy. Death due to other causes is considered a competing risk. All others are censored. DSS is estimated using the cumulative incidence method. Ten-year rate is reported.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Overall Survival (OS) (10-year Rates Reported)
Survival time is defined as time from randomization to the date of death from any cause and is estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Patients last known to be alive are censored at the date of last contact. Ten-year rate is reported.
Disease-free Survival (DFS) (10-year Rates Reported)
Disease-free survival time is defined as time from randomization to the date of disease progression or death from any cause and is estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Patients last known to be alive are censored at the date of last contact. Ten-year rate is reported.
Clinical Patterns of Tumor Recurrence: Time to Locoregional Progression (LRP) and Time to Distant Metastasis (DM) (10 Year Rates Reported)
Time to distant metastasis measured from date of randomization to date of documented distant metastasis; competing risks are BF, LRP, and death without DM; all others are censored. Time to locoregional progression measured from date of randomization to date of documented local or regional progression; competing risks are BF [protocol definition- first of (1) the midway date between the last non-rising PSA and the first rising PSA of three consecutive rises or (2) the date of the initiation of salvage hormone therapy], DM, and death without LRP; all others are censored. LRP and DM are estimated using the cumulative incidence method. Ten -year rates are reported.
Time to First Biochemical Failure (BF) (10-year Rates Reported)
Protocol definition: Time to BF measured from date of randomization to first of (1) the midway date between the last non-rising PSA and the first rising PSA of three consecutive rises or (2) the date of the initiation of salvage hormone therapy; competing risks are LRP, DM, and death without BF; all others are censored. Phoenix definition: Time to BF measured from date of randomization to first of (1) the date of documented rise of 2 ng/ml above the post-treatment(RT end date) nadir or (2) the date of the initiation of salvage hormone therapy; competing risks are LRP, DM, and death without BF; all others are censored. For both definitions BF is estimated using the cumulative incidence method. Ten year rates reported.
Time to Second Biochemical Failure (SBF) (10-year Rates Reported)
Time to SBF measured from date of randomization to the date of PSA increase of ≥1.0 ng/mL (from the nadir PSA after completion of protocol-specified therapy) after salvage androgen suppression was started; competing risks LRP, DM, and death without SBF; all others are censored. SBF is estimated using the cumulative incidence method. Ten-year rates are reported.
Treatment-induced Morbidity (Highest Grade Toxicity Reported Per Patient)
Acute drug therapy and radiation (<= 90 days from start of RT) toxicity was graded using the Common Toxicity Criteria (CTC) v.2.0 criteria; late toxicity was graded using the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG)/European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Late Radiation Morbidity Scoring schema. Grade refers to the severity of the toxicity. The CTC v2.0 assigns Grades 1 through 5 with unique clinical descriptions of severity for each toxicity based on this general guideline: Grade 1 Mild toxicity, Grade 2 Moderate toxicity, Grade 3 Severe toxicity, Grade 4 Life-threatening or disabling toxicity, Grade 5 Death related to toxicity. The highest grade acute and late toxicity was determined for each patient.

Full Information

First Posted
April 6, 2000
Last Updated
May 23, 2022
Sponsor
Radiation Therapy Oncology Group
Collaborators
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
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1. Study Identification

Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT00005044
Brief Title
Hormone Therapy and Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Prostate Cancer
Official Title
A Phase III Trial to Evaluate the Duration of Neoadjuvant Total Androgen Suppression (TAS) and Radiation Therapy (RT) in Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer
Study Type
Interventional

2. Study Status

Record Verification Date
May 2022
Overall Recruitment Status
Completed
Study Start Date
February 2000 (Actual)
Primary Completion Date
September 2012 (Actual)
Study Completion Date
May 20, 2022 (Actual)

3. Sponsor/Collaborators

Responsible Party, by Official Title
Sponsor
Name of the Sponsor
Radiation Therapy Oncology Group
Collaborators
National Cancer Institute (NCI)

4. Oversight

Data Monitoring Committee
Yes

5. Study Description

Brief Summary
RATIONALE: Hormones can stimulate the growth of prostate cancer cells. Hormone therapy may fight prostate cancer by reducing the production of androgens. Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays to damage tumor cells. It is not yet known which regimen of hormone therapy and radiation therapy is more effective for prostate cancer. PURPOSE: Randomized phase III trial to compare the effectiveness of two different regimens of hormone therapy and radiation therapy in treating patients who have prostate cancer.
Detailed Description
OBJECTIVES: Compare the efficacy of moderate-duration (28 weeks) neoadjuvant total androgen suppression (TAS) and radiotherapy (RT) with short-duration (8 weeks) neoadjuvant TAS and RT, as related to disease-specific survival, in patients with intermediate-risk adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Compare these regimens, in terms of overall survival, disease-free survival, time to local tumor progression or distant failure, time to first biochemical failure, hormone-refractory state, and treatment-induced morbidity, in this patient population. OUTLINE: This is a randomized, multicenter study. Patients are stratified according to prostate-specific antigen level (no greater than 10 ng/mL vs greater than 10 but no greater than 20 ng/mL vs greater than 20 ng/mL), tumor stage (T1b-2 vs T3-4), Gleason score (2-4 vs 5-6 vs 7-10), and prior hormonal therapy (yes vs no). Patients are randomized to one of two treatment arms. Arm I: Patients receive total androgen suppression for 8 weeks prior to the initiation of radiotherapy and throughout radiotherapy. A luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist is administered every 1-3 months AND bicalutamide OR flutamide is given orally daily for a total duration of 16 weeks. Beginning with week 9, patients undergo radiotherapy 5 days a week for 8 weeks. Arm II: Patients receive total androgen suppression for 28 weeks prior to the initiation of radiotherapy and throughout radiotherapy. An LHRH agonist AND bicalutamide OR flutamide are administered as in arm I for a total duration of 36 weeks. Beginning with week 29, patients undergo radiotherapy as in arm I. Patients are followed every 3 months for 1 year, every 6 months for 4 years, and then annually thereafter. PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 1,540 patients (770 per treatment arm) will be accrued for this study within 4 years.

6. Conditions and Keywords

Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Prostate Cancer
Keywords
adenocarcinoma of the prostate, stage IIB prostate cancer, stage IIA prostate cancer, stage III prostate cancer

7. Study Design

Primary Purpose
Treatment
Study Phase
Phase 3
Interventional Study Model
Parallel Assignment
Masking
None (Open Label)
Allocation
Randomized
Enrollment
1579 (Actual)

8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions

Arm Title
TAS x 8 weeks
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
Total Androgen Suppression (TAS) (LHRH agonist and Casodex or Eulexin) x 8 weeks followed by radiation therapy (RT) with concurrent TAS (LHRH agonist and Casodex or Eulexin).
Arm Title
TAS x 28 weeks
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
TAS (LHRH agonist and Casodex or Eulexin) x 28 weeks followed by RT with concurrent TAS (LHRH agonist and Casodex or Eulexin).
Intervention Type
Drug
Intervention Name(s)
Casodex
Other Intervention Name(s)
bicalutamide
Intervention Description
Orally at a dose of one 50 mg tablet per day started within (before or after) 14 days of the first LHRH agonist injection.
Intervention Type
Drug
Intervention Name(s)
Eulexin
Other Intervention Name(s)
flutamide
Intervention Description
Orally at a dose of two 125 mg capsules three times a day for a total daily dose of 750 mg (six capsules) started within (before or after) 14 days of the first LHRH agonist injection.
Intervention Type
Drug
Intervention Name(s)
LHRH agonist
Other Intervention Name(s)
Zoladex, Lupron, Eligard, Viadur, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)-agonist
Intervention Description
LHRH agonist of choice. The manufacturer's instructions should be followed.
Intervention Type
Radiation
Intervention Name(s)
radiation therapy
Intervention Description
[Prostate and any extraprostatic tumor extension + 1.0-1.5 cm margin receives 70.2 Gy (1.8 Gy/day x 39 fractions, five days/week)] OR [regional nodes, prostate and seminal vesicles + 1.0-1.5 cm margin will receive 46.8 Gy (1.8 Gy/day x 26 fractions, five days/week), followed by a 23.4 Gy (1.8 Gy/day x 13 fractions, five days/week) boost to the prostate and any extraprostatic tumor extension + 1.0-1.5 cm margin]
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Disease-specific Survival (DSS) (10-year Rates Reported)
Description
Disease-specific survival time is measured from date of randomization to death due to prostate cancer based on study chair review, with prostate-cancer death defined as (1) primary cause of death certified as due to prostate cancer, (2) complication of therapy, irrespective of disease status, (3) disease progression in the absence of any anti-tumor therapy, or (4) a 1.0 ng/ml-exceeding-rise in serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level on at least two consecutive occasions that occurs during or after salvage androgen suppression therapy. Death due to other causes is considered a competing risk. All others are censored. DSS is estimated using the cumulative incidence method. Ten-year rate is reported.
Time Frame
From randomization to 10 years. (Patients are followed until death or study termination, whichever occurs first.)
Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Overall Survival (OS) (10-year Rates Reported)
Description
Survival time is defined as time from randomization to the date of death from any cause and is estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Patients last known to be alive are censored at the date of last contact. Ten-year rate is reported.
Time Frame
From randomization to 10 years. (Patients are followed until death or study termination, whichever occurs first.)
Title
Disease-free Survival (DFS) (10-year Rates Reported)
Description
Disease-free survival time is defined as time from randomization to the date of disease progression or death from any cause and is estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Patients last known to be alive are censored at the date of last contact. Ten-year rate is reported.
Time Frame
From randomization to 10 years. (Patients are followed until death or study termination, whichever occurs first.)
Title
Clinical Patterns of Tumor Recurrence: Time to Locoregional Progression (LRP) and Time to Distant Metastasis (DM) (10 Year Rates Reported)
Description
Time to distant metastasis measured from date of randomization to date of documented distant metastasis; competing risks are BF, LRP, and death without DM; all others are censored. Time to locoregional progression measured from date of randomization to date of documented local or regional progression; competing risks are BF [protocol definition- first of (1) the midway date between the last non-rising PSA and the first rising PSA of three consecutive rises or (2) the date of the initiation of salvage hormone therapy], DM, and death without LRP; all others are censored. LRP and DM are estimated using the cumulative incidence method. Ten -year rates are reported.
Time Frame
From randomization to 10 years. (Patients are followed until death or study termination, whichever occurs first.)
Title
Time to First Biochemical Failure (BF) (10-year Rates Reported)
Description
Protocol definition: Time to BF measured from date of randomization to first of (1) the midway date between the last non-rising PSA and the first rising PSA of three consecutive rises or (2) the date of the initiation of salvage hormone therapy; competing risks are LRP, DM, and death without BF; all others are censored. Phoenix definition: Time to BF measured from date of randomization to first of (1) the date of documented rise of 2 ng/ml above the post-treatment(RT end date) nadir or (2) the date of the initiation of salvage hormone therapy; competing risks are LRP, DM, and death without BF; all others are censored. For both definitions BF is estimated using the cumulative incidence method. Ten year rates reported.
Time Frame
From randomization to 10 years. (Patients are followed until death or study termination, whichever occurs first.)
Title
Time to Second Biochemical Failure (SBF) (10-year Rates Reported)
Description
Time to SBF measured from date of randomization to the date of PSA increase of ≥1.0 ng/mL (from the nadir PSA after completion of protocol-specified therapy) after salvage androgen suppression was started; competing risks LRP, DM, and death without SBF; all others are censored. SBF is estimated using the cumulative incidence method. Ten-year rates are reported.
Time Frame
From randomization to 10 years. (Patients are followed until death or study termination, whichever occurs first.)
Title
Treatment-induced Morbidity (Highest Grade Toxicity Reported Per Patient)
Description
Acute drug therapy and radiation (<= 90 days from start of RT) toxicity was graded using the Common Toxicity Criteria (CTC) v.2.0 criteria; late toxicity was graded using the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG)/European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Late Radiation Morbidity Scoring schema. Grade refers to the severity of the toxicity. The CTC v2.0 assigns Grades 1 through 5 with unique clinical descriptions of severity for each toxicity based on this general guideline: Grade 1 Mild toxicity, Grade 2 Moderate toxicity, Grade 3 Severe toxicity, Grade 4 Life-threatening or disabling toxicity, Grade 5 Death related to toxicity. The highest grade acute and late toxicity was determined for each patient.
Time Frame
From randomization to 10 years. (Patients are followed until death or study termination, whichever occurs first.)

10. Eligibility

Sex
Male
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
18 Years
Maximum Age & Unit of Time
120 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria Adenocarcinoma of prostatic origin histologically-confirmed within 180 days of the randomization date. Zubrod Performance Status 0-1 (Appendix II). Prostatic biopsy tumor grading by the Gleason Score classification (Appendix VI) is mandatory prior to randomization. Patients at intermediate risk for disease relapse as determined by any of the following combinations of factors (NOTE: tumor found in one or both lobes on biopsy, but not palpable, will not alter T stage): Clinical stage T1b-4, Gleason score 2-6, and prostate-specific antigen >10 but ≤ 100. Clinical stage T1b-4, Gleason score 7, and prostate-specific antigen < 20. Clinical stage T1b-1c, Gleason score 8-10, and prostate-specific antigen <20. Clinically negative (N0) lymph nodes (LN) as established by imaging (pelvic ± abdominal CT, MRI or LAG), or negative LN by nodal sampling or dissection (laparoscopy or laparotomy). Patients with radiologic (e.g., CT, MRI or LAG) or radioimmunoscintigraphy (i.e., ProstaScint™) findings suggestive of regional nodal involvement are eligible if cytologic (e.g., needle aspiration) or histologic (e.g., surgical sampling) evaluation shows no evidence of a neoplastic process (i.e., prostatic or non-prostatic malignancy). Patients with equivocal radiologic findings (maximum nodal size ≤ 1.5 cm) are eligible. No distant (M0) metastases. Patients with radionuclide imaging (e.g., bone scintigraphy, ProstaScint™) findings suggestive, but not diagnostic of metastatic disease are eligible if radiologic (e.g., standard or tomographic radiography, or CT/MRI) imaging does not confirm metastatic disease. Pretherapy serum (total) prostate-specific antigen value performed with a Federal Drug Administration approved assay method, e.g. Abbott, Hybritech, etc. Treatment must begin within 6 weeks after randomization. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) must be within 2 x upper normal limit. Patients must sign a study-specific informed consent form (Appendix I) prior to randomization. Exclusion Criteria Patients at high risk for disease relapse as determined by either: Prostate-specific antigen ≥ 20 and Gleason score ≥ 7 (any T stage). Clinical stage ≥T2 and Gleason score ≥ 8 (any prostate-specific antigen). Patients at low risk for disease relapse as determined by: • Clinical stage ≤T2, Gleason score ≤ 6, and prostate-specific antigen ≤ 10. Clinical stage Tx, T0, or T1a. Histologic or radiologic evidence of tumor involvement of regional lymph nodes (N1) or the presence of metastatic disease (M1). Pretherapy serum prostate-specific antigen level > 100. Co-morbid medical illness which in the opinion of the investigator is expected to result in a life expectancy of <10 years. Any of the following prior therapies: Pelvic external beam radiation therapy. Radionuclide prostate brachytherapy. Prostatectomy or prostatic cryosurgery. Prior bilateral orchiectomy. Prior androgen suppression therapy; however, patients begun on LHRH agonist therapy remain eligible if (1) LHRH agonists were started no more than 30 days before randomization, and (2) Casodex or Eulexin was (or will be) started no more than 14 days before or after the date that the LHRH agonist injection was given. Any finasteride therapy administered for prostatic hypertrophy must be discontinued. Chemotherapy for prostatic carcinoma. Previous or concomitant invasive cancer, other than localized basal cell or squamous cell skin carcinoma (AJCC Stage 0-II), unless continually disease free for at least 5 years. Major medical or psychiatric illness which, in the opinion of the investigator, would prevent completion of treatment or would interfere with follow-up. The patient's participation in another medical research study that involves prostate cancer treatment.
Overall Study Officials:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Michael G. Haddock, MD
Organizational Affiliation
Mayo Clinic
Official's Role
Study Chair
Facility Information:
Facility Name
University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center
City
Birmingham
State/Province
Alabama
ZIP/Postal Code
35294-3300
Country
United States
Facility Name
Comprehensive Cancer Institute
City
Huntsville
State/Province
Alabama
ZIP/Postal Code
35801
Country
United States
Facility Name
Huntsville Hospital
City
Huntsville
State/Province
Alabama
ZIP/Postal Code
35807
Country
United States
Facility Name
MBCCOP - Gulf Coast
City
Mobile
State/Province
Alabama
ZIP/Postal Code
36607
Country
United States
Facility Name
Montgomery Cancer Center
City
Montgomery
State/Province
Alabama
ZIP/Postal Code
36106-3657
Country
United States
Facility Name
DCH Cancer Treatment Center
City
Tuscaloosa
State/Province
Alabama
ZIP/Postal Code
35401
Country
United States
Facility Name
Foundation for Cancer Research and Education
City
Phoenix
State/Province
Arizona
ZIP/Postal Code
85013
Country
United States
Facility Name
Providence Saint Joseph Medical Center - Burbank
City
Burbank
State/Province
California
ZIP/Postal Code
91505
Country
United States
Facility Name
Mount Diablo Medical Center
City
Concord
State/Province
California
ZIP/Postal Code
94524-4110
Country
United States
Facility Name
City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center
City
Duarte
State/Province
California
ZIP/Postal Code
91010-3000
Country
United States
Facility Name
California Cancer Center
City
Fresno
State/Province
California
ZIP/Postal Code
93720
Country
United States
Facility Name
Saint Agnes Cancer Center
City
Fresno
State/Province
California
ZIP/Postal Code
93720
Country
United States
Facility Name
Sutter Health Western Division Cancer Research Group
City
Greenbrae
State/Province
California
ZIP/Postal Code
94904
Country
United States
Facility Name
Loma Linda University Cancer Institute at Loma Linda University Medical Center
City
Loma Linda
State/Province
California
ZIP/Postal Code
92354
Country
United States
Facility Name
Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Long Beach
City
Long Beach
State/Province
California
ZIP/Postal Code
90822
Country
United States
Facility Name
USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center and Hospital
City
Los Angeles
State/Province
California
ZIP/Postal Code
90033-0804
Country
United States
Facility Name
Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA
City
Los Angeles
State/Province
California
ZIP/Postal Code
90095-1714
Country
United States
Facility Name
CCOP - Bay Area Tumor Institute
City
Oakland
State/Province
California
ZIP/Postal Code
94609-3305
Country
United States
Facility Name
Huntington Cancer Center at Huntington Hospital
City
Pasadena
State/Province
California
ZIP/Postal Code
91105
Country
United States
Facility Name
Robert and Beverly Lewis Family Cancer Care Center
City
Pomona
State/Province
California
ZIP/Postal Code
91767
Country
United States
Facility Name
Radiation Oncology Center - Sacramento
City
Sacramento
State/Province
California
ZIP/Postal Code
95816
Country
United States
Facility Name
Radiation Medical Group, Incorporated
City
San Diego
State/Province
California
ZIP/Postal Code
92101
Country
United States
Facility Name
Naval Medical Center - San Diego
City
San Diego
State/Province
California
ZIP/Postal Code
92134-3202
Country
United States
Facility Name
UCSF Comprehensive Cancer Center
City
San Francisco
State/Province
California
ZIP/Postal Code
94115
Country
United States
Facility Name
O'Connor Hospital
City
San Jose
State/Province
California
ZIP/Postal Code
95128
Country
United States
Facility Name
CCOP - Santa Rosa Memorial Hospital
City
Santa Rosa
State/Province
California
ZIP/Postal Code
95403
Country
United States
Facility Name
Torrance Memorial Medical Center
City
Torrance
State/Province
California
ZIP/Postal Code
90505
Country
United States
Facility Name
David Grant Medical Center
City
Travis Air Force Base
State/Province
California
ZIP/Postal Code
94535
Country
United States
Facility Name
Memorial Hospital Cancer Center
City
Colorado Springs
State/Province
Colorado
ZIP/Postal Code
80909
Country
United States
Facility Name
University of Colorado Cancer Center at University of Colorado Health Sciences Center
City
Denver
State/Province
Colorado
ZIP/Postal Code
80010
Country
United States
Facility Name
CCOP - Colorado Cancer Research Program, Incorporated
City
Denver
State/Province
Colorado
ZIP/Postal Code
80224
Country
United States
Facility Name
St. Mary's Regional Cancer Center at St. Mary's Hospital and Medical Center
City
Grand Junction
State/Province
Colorado
ZIP/Postal Code
81502-1628
Country
United States
Facility Name
Hospital of St. Raphael
City
New Haven
State/Province
Connecticut
ZIP/Postal Code
06511
Country
United States
Facility Name
Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center
City
New Haven
State/Province
Connecticut
ZIP/Postal Code
06520-8040
Country
United States
Facility Name
CCOP - Christiana Care Health Services
City
Newark
State/Province
Delaware
ZIP/Postal Code
19713
Country
United States
Facility Name
Sibley Memorial Hospital
City
Washington
State/Province
District of Columbia
ZIP/Postal Code
20016
Country
United States
Facility Name
21st Century Oncology - Fort Myers
City
Fort Myers
State/Province
Florida
ZIP/Postal Code
33901-8082
Country
United States
Facility Name
Shands Cancer Center at the University of Florida Health Science Center
City
Gainesville
State/Province
Florida
ZIP/Postal Code
32610-0385
Country
United States
Facility Name
Florida Radiation Oncology Group
City
Jacksonville
State/Province
Florida
ZIP/Postal Code
32207
Country
United States
Facility Name
Holmes Regional Medical Center
City
Melbourne
State/Province
Florida
ZIP/Postal Code
32901-3276
Country
United States
Facility Name
CCOP - Mount Sinai Medical Center
City
Miami Beach
State/Province
Florida
ZIP/Postal Code
33140
Country
United States
Facility Name
University of Miami Sylvester Cancer Center
City
Miami
State/Province
Florida
ZIP/Postal Code
33136
Country
United States
Facility Name
Baptist Hospital of Miami
City
Miami
State/Province
Florida
ZIP/Postal Code
33256-2110
Country
United States
Facility Name
MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando
City
Orlando
State/Province
Florida
ZIP/Postal Code
32806-2134
Country
United States
Facility Name
Bay Medical Center
City
Panama City
State/Province
Florida
ZIP/Postal Code
32401
Country
United States
Facility Name
Gulf Coast Cancer Treatment Center
City
Panama City
State/Province
Florida
ZIP/Postal Code
32405-4587
Country
United States
Facility Name
Sarasota Radiation and Medical Oncology Center
City
Sarasota
State/Province
Florida
ZIP/Postal Code
34233
Country
United States
Facility Name
Tallahassee Memorial Hospital
City
Tallahassee
State/Province
Florida
ZIP/Postal Code
32308
Country
United States
Facility Name
H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute
City
Tampa
State/Province
Florida
ZIP/Postal Code
33612-9497
Country
United States
Facility Name
Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University
City
Atlanta
State/Province
Georgia
ZIP/Postal Code
30322
Country
United States
Facility Name
CCOP - Atlanta Regional
City
Atlanta
State/Province
Georgia
ZIP/Postal Code
30342-1701
Country
United States
Facility Name
Medical Center/John B. Amos Community Cancer Center
City
Columbus
State/Province
Georgia
ZIP/Postal Code
31901
Country
United States
Facility Name
Regional Radiation Oncology Center at Rome
City
Rome
State/Province
Georgia
ZIP/Postal Code
30165
Country
United States
Facility Name
MBCCOP - Hawaii
City
Honolulu
State/Province
Hawaii
ZIP/Postal Code
96813
Country
United States
Facility Name
Northwest Community Hospital
City
Arlington Heights
State/Province
Illinois
ZIP/Postal Code
60005
Country
United States
Facility Name
Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center at Northwestern University
City
Chicago
State/Province
Illinois
ZIP/Postal Code
60611-3013
Country
United States
Facility Name
CCOP - Central Illinois
City
Decatur
State/Province
Illinois
ZIP/Postal Code
62526
Country
United States
Facility Name
Ingalls Memorial Hospital
City
Harvey
State/Province
Illinois
ZIP/Postal Code
60426
Country
United States
Facility Name
Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center at Loyola University Medical Center
City
Maywood
State/Province
Illinois
ZIP/Postal Code
60153
Country
United States
Facility Name
Lutheran General Cancer Care Center
City
Park Ridge
State/Province
Illinois
ZIP/Postal Code
60068
Country
United States
Facility Name
CCOP - Scott and White Hospital
City
Peoria
State/Province
Illinois
ZIP/Postal Code
61602
Country
United States
Facility Name
Methodist Medical Center of Illinois
City
Peoria
State/Province
Illinois
ZIP/Postal Code
61636
Country
United States
Facility Name
St. John's Medical Center
City
Anderson
State/Province
Indiana
ZIP/Postal Code
46016
Country
United States
Facility Name
Bloomington Hospital
City
Bloomington
State/Province
Indiana
ZIP/Postal Code
47402
Country
United States
Facility Name
Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Indianapolis (Roudebush)
City
Indianapolis
State/Province
Indiana
ZIP/Postal Code
46202
Country
United States
Facility Name
Methodist Cancer Center at Methodist Hospital
City
Indianapolis
State/Province
Indiana
ZIP/Postal Code
46206-1367
Country
United States
Facility Name
Community Regional Cancer Care
City
Indianapolis
State/Province
Indiana
ZIP/Postal Code
46219
Country
United States
Facility Name
Ball Memorial Hospital Cancer Center
City
Muncie
State/Province
Indiana
ZIP/Postal Code
47303-3499
Country
United States
Facility Name
CCOP - Northern Indiana CR Consortium
City
South Bend
State/Province
Indiana
ZIP/Postal Code
46601
Country
United States
Facility Name
Wendt Regional Cancer Center of Finley Hospital
City
Dubuque
State/Province
Iowa
ZIP/Postal Code
52001
Country
United States
Facility Name
St. Elizabeth Medical Center
City
Edgewood
State/Province
Kentucky
ZIP/Postal Code
41017
Country
United States
Facility Name
Central Baptist Hospital
City
Lexington
State/Province
Kentucky
ZIP/Postal Code
40503
Country
United States
Facility Name
Markey Cancer Center at University of Kentucky Chandler Medical Center
City
Lexington
State/Province
Kentucky
ZIP/Postal Code
40536-0293
Country
United States
Facility Name
James Graham Brown Cancer Center at University of Louisville
City
Louisville
State/Province
Kentucky
ZIP/Postal Code
40202
Country
United States
Facility Name
Louisville Radiation Oncology Center at Caritas Regional Cancer Center
City
Louisville
State/Province
Kentucky
ZIP/Postal Code
40215
Country
United States
Facility Name
Merle M. Mahr Cancer Center
City
Madisonville
State/Province
Kentucky
ZIP/Postal Code
42431
Country
United States
Facility Name
Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center
City
Baton Rouge
State/Province
Louisiana
ZIP/Postal Code
70809
Country
United States
Facility Name
Tulane University School of Medicine
City
New Orleans
State/Province
Louisiana
ZIP/Postal Code
70112-2699
Country
United States
Facility Name
MBCCOP - LSU Health Sciences Center
City
New Orleans
State/Province
Louisiana
ZIP/Postal Code
70112
Country
United States
Facility Name
CCOP - Ochsner
City
New Orleans
State/Province
Louisiana
ZIP/Postal Code
70121
Country
United States
Facility Name
Maine Medical Center
City
Portland
State/Province
Maine
ZIP/Postal Code
04102
Country
United States
Facility Name
Anne Arundel Oncology Center
City
Annapolis
State/Province
Maryland
ZIP/Postal Code
21401
Country
United States
Facility Name
Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland
City
Baltimore
State/Province
Maryland
ZIP/Postal Code
21201
Country
United States
Facility Name
Greater Baltimore Medical Center and Cancer Center
City
Baltimore
State/Province
Maryland
ZIP/Postal Code
21204
Country
United States
Facility Name
Harbor Hospital Center
City
Baltimore
State/Province
Maryland
ZIP/Postal Code
21215-1290
Country
United States
Facility Name
Sinai Hospital of Baltimore
City
Baltimore
State/Province
Maryland
ZIP/Postal Code
21215
Country
United States
Facility Name
St. Agnes Cancer Center
City
Baltimore
State/Province
Maryland
ZIP/Postal Code
21229
Country
United States
Facility Name
Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins
City
Baltimore
State/Province
Maryland
ZIP/Postal Code
21231-2410
Country
United States
Facility Name
Peninsula Regional Medical Center
City
Salisbury
State/Province
Maryland
ZIP/Postal Code
21801
Country
United States
Facility Name
Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center at Dana Farber Cancer Institute
City
Boston
State/Province
Massachusetts
ZIP/Postal Code
02114
Country
United States
Facility Name
Cancer Research Center at Boston Medical Center
City
Boston
State/Province
Massachusetts
ZIP/Postal Code
02118
Country
United States
Facility Name
Cape Cod Hospital
City
Hyannis
State/Province
Massachusetts
ZIP/Postal Code
02601
Country
United States
Facility Name
Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Boston (Jamaica Plain)
City
Jamaica Plain
State/Province
Massachusetts
ZIP/Postal Code
02130
Country
United States
Facility Name
NSMC Cancer Center
City
Peabody
State/Province
Massachusetts
ZIP/Postal Code
01960
Country
United States
Facility Name
CCOP - Michigan Cancer Research Consortium
City
Ann Arbor
State/Province
Michigan
ZIP/Postal Code
48106
Country
United States
Facility Name
University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center
City
Ann Arbor
State/Province
Michigan
ZIP/Postal Code
48109-0010
Country
United States
Facility Name
Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute
City
Detroit
State/Province
Michigan
ZIP/Postal Code
48201-1379
Country
United States
Facility Name
Josephine Ford Cancer Center at Henry Ford Hospital
City
Detroit
State/Province
Michigan
ZIP/Postal Code
48202
Country
United States
Facility Name
Hurley Medical Center
City
Flint
State/Province
Michigan
ZIP/Postal Code
48503
Country
United States
Facility Name
McLaren Regional Cancer Center
City
Flint
State/Province
Michigan
ZIP/Postal Code
48532-3685
Country
United States
Facility Name
CCOP - Kalamazoo
City
Kalamazoo
State/Province
Michigan
ZIP/Postal Code
49007-3731
Country
United States
Facility Name
Marquette General Hospital
City
Marquette
State/Province
Michigan
ZIP/Postal Code
49855
Country
United States
Facility Name
MidMichigan Medical Center - Midland
City
Midland
State/Province
Michigan
ZIP/Postal Code
48670
Country
United States
Facility Name
CCOP - Beaumont
City
Royal Oak
State/Province
Michigan
ZIP/Postal Code
48073-6769
Country
United States
Facility Name
William Beaumont Hospital - Royal Oak
City
Royal Oak
State/Province
Michigan
ZIP/Postal Code
48073
Country
United States
Facility Name
William Beaumont Hospital - Troy
City
Troy
State/Province
Michigan
ZIP/Postal Code
48085
Country
United States
Facility Name
Fairview University Medical Center - University Campus
City
Minneapolis
State/Province
Minnesota
ZIP/Postal Code
55455
Country
United States
Facility Name
Mayo Clinic Cancer Center
City
Rochester
State/Province
Minnesota
ZIP/Postal Code
55905-0001
Country
United States
Facility Name
CCOP - Metro-Minnesota
City
Saint Louis Park
State/Province
Minnesota
ZIP/Postal Code
55416
Country
United States
Facility Name
Ellis Fischel Cancer Center at University of Missouri - Columbia
City
Columbia
State/Province
Missouri
ZIP/Postal Code
65203
Country
United States
Facility Name
CCOP - Kansas City
City
Kansas City
State/Province
Missouri
ZIP/Postal Code
64131
Country
United States
Facility Name
St. Louis University Hospital Cancer Center
City
Saint Louis
State/Province
Missouri
ZIP/Postal Code
63110-0250
Country
United States
Facility Name
Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology
City
Saint Louis
State/Province
Missouri
ZIP/Postal Code
63110
Country
United States
Facility Name
Cancer Research for the Ozarks
City
Springfield
State/Province
Missouri
ZIP/Postal Code
65807
Country
United States
Facility Name
CCOP - Cancer Research for the Ozarks
City
Springfield
State/Province
Missouri
ZIP/Postal Code
65807
Country
United States
Facility Name
CCOP - Montana Cancer Consortium
City
Billings
State/Province
Montana
ZIP/Postal Code
59101
Country
United States
Facility Name
CCOP - Missouri Valley Cancer Consortium
City
Omaha
State/Province
Nebraska
ZIP/Postal Code
68106
Country
United States
Facility Name
Methodist Hospital Cancer Center at Nebraska Methodist Hospital - Omaha
City
Omaha
State/Province
Nebraska
ZIP/Postal Code
68114-4199
Country
United States
Facility Name
UNMC Eppley Cancer Center at the University of Nebraska Medical Center
City
Omaha
State/Province
Nebraska
ZIP/Postal Code
68198-7521
Country
United States
Facility Name
CCOP - Southern Nevada Cancer Research Foundation
City
Las Vegas
State/Province
Nevada
ZIP/Postal Code
89106
Country
United States
Facility Name
Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada
City
Las Vegas
State/Province
Nevada
ZIP/Postal Code
89109
Country
United States
Facility Name
Norris Cotton Cancer Center at Dartmouth Medical School
City
Lebanon
State/Province
New Hampshire
ZIP/Postal Code
03756-0002
Country
United States
Facility Name
Elliot Regional Cancer Center
City
Manchester
State/Province
New Hampshire
ZIP/Postal Code
03103
Country
United States
Facility Name
Cooper Cancer Institute
City
Camden
State/Province
New Jersey
ZIP/Postal Code
01803
Country
United States
Facility Name
Veterans Affairs Medical Center - East Orange
City
East Orange
State/Province
New Jersey
ZIP/Postal Code
07019
Country
United States
Facility Name
John F. Kennedy Medical Center
City
Edison
State/Province
New Jersey
ZIP/Postal Code
08818
Country
United States
Facility Name
Trinitas Hospital - Jersey Street Campus
City
Elizabeth
State/Province
New Jersey
ZIP/Postal Code
07201
Country
United States
Facility Name
Monmouth Medical Center
City
Long Branch
State/Province
New Jersey
ZIP/Postal Code
07740-6395
Country
United States
Facility Name
South Jersey Regional Cancer Center
City
Millville
State/Province
New Jersey
ZIP/Postal Code
08332
Country
United States
Facility Name
Fox Chase Virtua Health Cancer Program at Virtua Memorial Hospital
City
Mount Holly
State/Province
New Jersey
ZIP/Postal Code
08060
Country
United States
Facility Name
Cancer Institute of New Jersey
City
New Brunswick
State/Province
New Jersey
ZIP/Postal Code
08903
Country
United States
Facility Name
Newark Beth Israel Medical Center
City
Newark
State/Province
New Jersey
ZIP/Postal Code
07112
Country
United States
Facility Name
Atlantic City Medical Center
City
Pomona
State/Province
New Jersey
ZIP/Postal Code
08240
Country
United States
Facility Name
Medical Center of Princeton
City
Princeton
State/Province
New Jersey
ZIP/Postal Code
08540
Country
United States
Facility Name
Valley Hospital
City
Ridgewood
State/Province
New Jersey
ZIP/Postal Code
07450
Country
United States
Facility Name
Somerset Medical Center
City
Somerville
State/Province
New Jersey
ZIP/Postal Code
08876
Country
United States
Facility Name
Community Medical Center
City
Toms River
State/Province
New Jersey
ZIP/Postal Code
08755
Country
United States
Facility Name
Fox Chase Cancer Center at St. Francis Medical Center
City
Trenton
State/Province
New Jersey
ZIP/Postal Code
08629
Country
United States
Facility Name
Associated Radiologists, P.A.
City
Warren
State/Province
New Jersey
ZIP/Postal Code
07059
Country
United States
Facility Name
Radiation Oncology Associates of Albuquerque
City
Albuquerque
State/Province
New Mexico
ZIP/Postal Code
87109
Country
United States
Facility Name
Cancer Center of Albany Medical Center
City
Albany
State/Province
New York
ZIP/Postal Code
12208
Country
United States
Facility Name
State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn
City
Brooklyn
State/Province
New York
ZIP/Postal Code
11203
Country
United States
Facility Name
New York Methodist Hospital
City
Brooklyn
State/Province
New York
ZIP/Postal Code
11215
Country
United States
Facility Name
Roswell Park Cancer Institute
City
Buffalo
State/Province
New York
ZIP/Postal Code
14263-0001
Country
United States
Facility Name
Finger Lakes Radiation Oncology Center
City
Clifton Springs
State/Province
New York
ZIP/Postal Code
14432
Country
United States
Facility Name
CCOP - North Shore University Hospital
City
Manhasset
State/Province
New York
ZIP/Postal Code
11030
Country
United States
Facility Name
Beth Israel Medical Center - Philipps Ambulatory Care Center
City
New York
State/Province
New York
ZIP/Postal Code
10003
Country
United States
Facility Name
Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center at Columbia University
City
New York
State/Province
New York
ZIP/Postal Code
10032
Country
United States
Facility Name
Champlain Valley Physicians Hospital Medical Center
City
Plattsburgh
State/Province
New York
ZIP/Postal Code
12901-1490
Country
United States
Facility Name
James P. Wilmot Cancer Center at University of Rochester Medical Center
City
Rochester
State/Province
New York
ZIP/Postal Code
14642
Country
United States
Facility Name
CCOP - Syracuse Hematology-Oncology Associates of Central New York, P.C.
City
Syracuse
State/Province
New York
ZIP/Postal Code
13217
Country
United States
Facility Name
Riverhill Radiation Oncology
City
Yonkers
State/Province
New York
ZIP/Postal Code
10701
Country
United States
Facility Name
Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center at University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill
City
Chapel Hill
State/Province
North Carolina
ZIP/Postal Code
27599-7295
Country
United States
Facility Name
Batte Cancer Center at Northeast Medical Center
City
Concord
State/Province
North Carolina
ZIP/Postal Code
28025
Country
United States
Facility Name
Leo W. Jenkins Cancer Center of University Health Systems of Eastern Carolina
City
Greenville
State/Province
North Carolina
ZIP/Postal Code
27835-6028
Country
United States
Facility Name
CCOP - Southeast Cancer Control Consortium
City
Winston-Salem
State/Province
North Carolina
ZIP/Postal Code
27104-4241
Country
United States
Facility Name
Comprehensive Cancer Center at Wake Forest University
City
Winston-Salem
State/Province
North Carolina
ZIP/Postal Code
27157-1082
Country
United States
Facility Name
Trinity Cancer Care Center
City
Minot
State/Province
North Dakota
ZIP/Postal Code
58701
Country
United States
Facility Name
Akron General Medical Center
City
Akron
State/Province
Ohio
ZIP/Postal Code
44302
Country
United States
Facility Name
Akron City Hospital
City
Akron
State/Province
Ohio
ZIP/Postal Code
44304
Country
United States
Facility Name
Cancer Center at Christ Hospital
City
Cincinnati
State/Province
Ohio
ZIP/Postal Code
45219
Country
United States
Facility Name
Charles M. Barrett Cancer Center at University Hospital
City
Cincinnati
State/Province
Ohio
ZIP/Postal Code
45219
Country
United States
Facility Name
Ireland Cancer Center
City
Cleveland
State/Province
Ohio
ZIP/Postal Code
44106-5065
Country
United States
Facility Name
University Hospitals of Cleveland
City
Cleveland
State/Province
Ohio
ZIP/Postal Code
44106
Country
United States
Facility Name
Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Center
City
Cleveland
State/Province
Ohio
ZIP/Postal Code
44195
Country
United States
Facility Name
CCOP - Columbus
City
Columbus
State/Province
Ohio
ZIP/Postal Code
43206
Country
United States
Facility Name
Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital - Ohio State University
City
Columbus
State/Province
Ohio
ZIP/Postal Code
43210-1240
Country
United States
Facility Name
CCOP - Dayton
City
Dayton
State/Province
Ohio
ZIP/Postal Code
45429
Country
United States
Facility Name
Parma Community General Hospital
City
Parma
State/Province
Ohio
ZIP/Postal Code
44129
Country
United States
Facility Name
CCOP - Toledo Community Hospital
City
Toledo
State/Province
Ohio
ZIP/Postal Code
43623-3456
Country
United States
Facility Name
Frank C. Love Cancer Institute at St. Anthony Hospital
City
Oklahoma City
State/Province
Oklahoma
ZIP/Postal Code
73102
Country
United States
Facility Name
Oklahoma University Medical Center at University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
City
Oklahoma City
State/Province
Oklahoma
ZIP/Postal Code
73104
Country
United States
Facility Name
St. John Health System
City
Tulsa
State/Province
Oklahoma
ZIP/Postal Code
74104
Country
United States
Facility Name
CCOP - Oklahoma
City
Tulsa
State/Province
Oklahoma
ZIP/Postal Code
74136
Country
United States
Facility Name
CCOP - Columbia River Oncology Program
City
Portland
State/Province
Oregon
ZIP/Postal Code
97225
Country
United States
Facility Name
Abington Memorial Hospital
City
Abington
State/Province
Pennsylvania
ZIP/Postal Code
19001
Country
United States
Facility Name
John and Dorothy Morgan Cancer Center at Lehigh Valley Hospital
City
Allentown
State/Province
Pennsylvania
ZIP/Postal Code
18105
Country
United States
Facility Name
St. Luke's Hospital Cancer Center
City
Bethlehem
State/Province
Pennsylvania
ZIP/Postal Code
18015
Country
United States
Facility Name
Geisinger Medical Center
City
Danville
State/Province
Pennsylvania
ZIP/Postal Code
17822-2001
Country
United States
Facility Name
Mercy Fitzgerald Hospital
City
Darby
State/Province
Pennsylvania
ZIP/Postal Code
19023
Country
United States
Facility Name
Delaware County Memorial Hospital
City
Drexel Hill
State/Province
Pennsylvania
ZIP/Postal Code
19026
Country
United States
Facility Name
Pocono Cancer Center
City
East Stroudsburg
State/Province
Pennsylvania
ZIP/Postal Code
18301
Country
United States
Facility Name
Penn State Cancer Institute at Milton S. Hershey Medical Center
City
Hershey
State/Province
Pennsylvania
ZIP/Postal Code
17033-0850
Country
United States
Facility Name
Abramson Cancer Center at University of Pennsylvania Medical Center
City
Philadelphia
State/Province
Pennsylvania
ZIP/Postal Code
19104-4283
Country
United States
Facility Name
Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Philadelphia
City
Philadelphia
State/Province
Pennsylvania
ZIP/Postal Code
19104
Country
United States
Facility Name
Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University - Philadelphia
City
Philadelphia
State/Province
Pennsylvania
ZIP/Postal Code
19107-5541
Country
United States
Facility Name
Fox Chase Cancer Center
City
Philadelphia
State/Province
Pennsylvania
ZIP/Postal Code
19111
Country
United States
Facility Name
Albert Einstein Cancer Center
City
Philadelphia
State/Province
Pennsylvania
ZIP/Postal Code
19141-3098
Country
United States
Facility Name
Allegheny General Hospital
City
Pittsburgh
State/Province
Pennsylvania
ZIP/Postal Code
15212
Country
United States
Facility Name
Mercy Hospital of Pittsburgh
City
Pittsburgh
State/Province
Pennsylvania
ZIP/Postal Code
15219
Country
United States
Facility Name
Western Pennsylvania Hospital
City
Pittsburgh
State/Province
Pennsylvania
ZIP/Postal Code
15224
Country
United States
Facility Name
Hillman Cancer Center at University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
City
Pittsburgh
State/Province
Pennsylvania
ZIP/Postal Code
15236
Country
United States
Facility Name
Reading Hospital and Medical Center
City
Reading
State/Province
Pennsylvania
ZIP/Postal Code
19612-6052
Country
United States
Facility Name
Mercy Hospital Cancer Center - Scranton
City
Scranton
State/Province
Pennsylvania
ZIP/Postal Code
18501
Country
United States
Facility Name
Wilkes-Barre General Hospital
City
Wilkes-Barre
State/Province
Pennsylvania
ZIP/Postal Code
18764-0001
Country
United States
Facility Name
CCOP - MainLine Health
City
Wynnewood
State/Province
Pennsylvania
ZIP/Postal Code
19096
Country
United States
Facility Name
Wellspan Health - York Cancer Center
City
York
State/Province
Pennsylvania
ZIP/Postal Code
17403
Country
United States
Facility Name
Roger Williams Medical Center
City
Providence
State/Province
Rhode Island
ZIP/Postal Code
02908-4735
Country
United States
Facility Name
CCOP - Greenville
City
Greenville
State/Province
South Carolina
ZIP/Postal Code
29615
Country
United States
Facility Name
CCOP - Upstate Carolina
City
Spartanburg
State/Province
South Carolina
ZIP/Postal Code
29303
Country
United States
Facility Name
Rapid City Regional Hospital
City
Rapid City
State/Province
South Dakota
ZIP/Postal Code
57709
Country
United States
Facility Name
West Tennessee Cancer Center at Jackson-Madison County General Hospital
City
Jackson
State/Province
Tennessee
ZIP/Postal Code
38301
Country
United States
Facility Name
Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center at Vanderbilt Medical Center
City
Nashville
State/Province
Tennessee
ZIP/Postal Code
37232-5671
Country
United States
Facility Name
Harrington Cancer Center
City
Amarillo
State/Province
Texas
ZIP/Postal Code
79106
Country
United States
Facility Name
Arlington Cancer Center
City
Arlington
State/Province
Texas
ZIP/Postal Code
76012
Country
United States
Facility Name
University of Texas Medical Branch
City
Galveston
State/Province
Texas
ZIP/Postal Code
77555-0209
Country
United States
Facility Name
University of Texas - MD Anderson Cancer Center
City
Houston
State/Province
Texas
ZIP/Postal Code
77030-4009
Country
United States
Facility Name
Wilford Hall Medical Center
City
Lackland Air Force Base
State/Province
Texas
ZIP/Postal Code
78236-5300
Country
United States
Facility Name
Joe Arrington Cancer Research and Treatment Center
City
Lubbock
State/Province
Texas
ZIP/Postal Code
79410-1894
Country
United States
Facility Name
Bayshore Medical Center
City
Pasadena
State/Province
Texas
ZIP/Postal Code
77504
Country
United States
Facility Name
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
City
San Antonio
State/Province
Texas
ZIP/Postal Code
78284-7811
Country
United States
Facility Name
Utah Valley Regional Medical Center - Provo
City
Provo
State/Province
Utah
ZIP/Postal Code
84604
Country
United States
Facility Name
Dixie Regional Medical Center
City
Saint George
State/Province
Utah
ZIP/Postal Code
84770
Country
United States
Facility Name
University of Utah Health Sciences Center
City
Salt Lake City
State/Province
Utah
ZIP/Postal Code
84132
Country
United States
Facility Name
LDS Hospital
City
Salt Lake City
State/Province
Utah
ZIP/Postal Code
84143
Country
United States
Facility Name
Green Mountain Oncology Group
City
Bennington
State/Province
Vermont
ZIP/Postal Code
05201
Country
United States
Facility Name
Vermont Cancer Center at University of Vermont
City
Burlington
State/Province
Vermont
ZIP/Postal Code
05405-0075
Country
United States
Facility Name
Cancer Center at the University of Virginia
City
Charlottesville
State/Province
Virginia
ZIP/Postal Code
22908
Country
United States
Facility Name
RMH Regional Cancer Center
City
Harrisonburg
State/Province
Virginia
ZIP/Postal Code
22801
Country
United States
Facility Name
Naval Medical Center, Portsmouth
City
Portsmouth
State/Province
Virginia
ZIP/Postal Code
23708-2197
Country
United States
Facility Name
Bon Secours - St. Mary's Hospital
City
Richmond
State/Province
Virginia
ZIP/Postal Code
23226
Country
United States
Facility Name
Massey Cancer Center at Virginia Commonwealth University
City
Richmond
State/Province
Virginia
ZIP/Postal Code
23298-0058
Country
United States
Facility Name
Cancer Institute at Virginia Mason Medical Center
City
Seattle
State/Province
Washington
ZIP/Postal Code
98111
Country
United States
Facility Name
University Cancer Center at University of Washington Medical Center
City
Seattle
State/Province
Washington
ZIP/Postal Code
98195-6043
Country
United States
Facility Name
Deaconess Medical Center
City
Spokane
State/Province
Washington
ZIP/Postal Code
99204
Country
United States
Facility Name
Yakima Valley Memorial Hospital
City
Yakima
State/Province
Washington
ZIP/Postal Code
98902
Country
United States
Facility Name
Schiffler Cancer Center
City
Wheeling
State/Province
West Virginia
ZIP/Postal Code
26003
Country
United States
Facility Name
CCOP - St. Vincent Hospital Cancer Center, Green Bay
City
Green Bay
State/Province
Wisconsin
ZIP/Postal Code
54301
Country
United States
Facility Name
St. Vincent Hospital
City
Green Bay
State/Province
Wisconsin
ZIP/Postal Code
54307-3508
Country
United States
Facility Name
Gundersen Lutheran Cancer Center at Gundersen Lutheran Medical Center
City
La Crosse
State/Province
Wisconsin
ZIP/Postal Code
54601
Country
United States
Facility Name
Southern Wisconsin Radiotherapy Center
City
Madison
State/Province
Wisconsin
ZIP/Postal Code
53713
Country
United States
Facility Name
University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center
City
Madison
State/Province
Wisconsin
ZIP/Postal Code
53792
Country
United States
Facility Name
CCOP - Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation
City
Marshfield
State/Province
Wisconsin
ZIP/Postal Code
54449
Country
United States
Facility Name
Marshfield Clinic
City
Marshfield
State/Province
Wisconsin
ZIP/Postal Code
54449
Country
United States
Facility Name
Community Memorial Hospital
City
Menomonee Falls
State/Province
Wisconsin
ZIP/Postal Code
53051
Country
United States
Facility Name
Columbia Hospital
City
Milwaukee
State/Province
Wisconsin
ZIP/Postal Code
53211
Country
United States
Facility Name
St. Luke's Medical Center
City
Milwaukee
State/Province
Wisconsin
ZIP/Postal Code
53215
Country
United States
Facility Name
Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center
City
Milwaukee
State/Province
Wisconsin
ZIP/Postal Code
53226
Country
United States
Facility Name
Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Milwaukee (Zablocki)
City
Milwaukee
State/Province
Wisconsin
ZIP/Postal Code
53295
Country
United States
Facility Name
All Saints Cancer Center at All Saints Healthcare
City
Racine
State/Province
Wisconsin
ZIP/Postal Code
53405
Country
United States
Facility Name
Waukesha Memorial Hospital Regional Cancer Center
City
Waukesha
State/Province
Wisconsin
ZIP/Postal Code
53188
Country
United States
Facility Name
Tom Baker Cancer Center - Calgary
City
Calgary
State/Province
Alberta
ZIP/Postal Code
T2N 4N2
Country
Canada
Facility Name
Cross Cancer Institute
City
Edmonton
State/Province
Alberta
ZIP/Postal Code
T6G 1Z2
Country
Canada
Facility Name
Doctor Leon Richard Oncology Centre
City
Moncton
State/Province
New Brunswick
ZIP/Postal Code
E1C 8X3
Country
Canada
Facility Name
Saint John Regional Hospital
City
Saint John
State/Province
New Brunswick
ZIP/Postal Code
E2L 4L2
Country
Canada
Facility Name
Newfoundland Cancer Treatment and Research Foundation
City
St. Johns
State/Province
Newfoundland and Labrador
ZIP/Postal Code
A1B 3V6
Country
Canada
Facility Name
Nova Scotia Cancer Centre
City
Halifax
State/Province
Nova Scotia
ZIP/Postal Code
B3H 1V7
Country
Canada
Facility Name
Margaret and Charles Juravinski Cancer Centre
City
Hamilton
State/Province
Ontario
ZIP/Postal Code
L8V 5C2
Country
Canada
Facility Name
Kingston Regional Cancer Centre
City
Kingston
State/Province
Ontario
ZIP/Postal Code
K7L 5P9
Country
Canada
Facility Name
Cancer Care Ontario-London Regional Cancer Centre
City
London
State/Province
Ontario
ZIP/Postal Code
N6A 4L6
Country
Canada
Facility Name
Ottawa Regional Cancer Centre
City
Ottawa
State/Province
Ontario
ZIP/Postal Code
K1H 1C4
Country
Canada
Facility Name
Northeastern Ontario Regional Cancer Centre - Sudbury
City
Sudbury
State/Province
Ontario
ZIP/Postal Code
P3E 5J1
Country
Canada
Facility Name
Northwestern Ontario Regional Cancer Care
City
Thunder Bay
State/Province
Ontario
ZIP/Postal Code
P7B 6V4
Country
Canada
Facility Name
Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre
City
Toronto
State/Province
Ontario
ZIP/Postal Code
M4N 3M5
Country
Canada
Facility Name
Princess Margaret Hospital
City
Toronto
State/Province
Ontario
ZIP/Postal Code
M5G 2M9
Country
Canada
Facility Name
CHUS-Hopital Fleurimont
City
Fleurimont
State/Province
Quebec
ZIP/Postal Code
J1H 5N4
Country
Canada
Facility Name
Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal
City
Montreal
State/Province
Quebec
ZIP/Postal Code
H2L 4MI
Country
Canada
Facility Name
McGill University
City
Montreal
State/Province
Quebec
ZIP/Postal Code
H2W 1S6
Country
Canada
Facility Name
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec
City
Quebec City
State/Province
Quebec
ZIP/Postal Code
G1R 2J6
Country
Canada
Facility Name
Allan Blair Cancer Centre
City
Regina
State/Province
Saskatchewan
ZIP/Postal Code
S4T 7T1
Country
Canada
Facility Name
Saskatoon Cancer Centre
City
Saskatoon
State/Province
Saskatchewan
ZIP/Postal Code
S7N 4H4
Country
Canada

12. IPD Sharing Statement

Citations:
PubMed Identifier
25534388
Citation
Pisansky TM, Hunt D, Gomella LG, Amin MB, Balogh AG, Chinn DM, Seider MJ, Duclos M, Rosenthal SA, Bauman GS, Gore EM, Rotman MZ, Lukka HR, Shipley WU, Dignam JJ, Sandler HM. Duration of androgen suppression before radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer: radiation therapy oncology group randomized clinical trial 9910. J Clin Oncol. 2015 Feb 1;33(4):332-9. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2014.58.0662. Epub 2014 Dec 22.
Results Reference
result

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Hormone Therapy and Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Prostate Cancer

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