Laparoscopy to Remove Pancreatic Tumors (Insulinomas)

This study will determine if laparoscopy can be used successfully to find and remove insulinomas (insulin-secreting tumors of the pancreas). These tumors are very small and often difficult to locate with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) or ultrasound. Invasive procedures, such as arteriograms (X-ray imaging using a contrast agent injected into the bloodstream through a catheter) and venous sampling are more successful but involve more patient discomfort and greater risk. This study will test whether laparoscopy can be used to replace some or all of these tests, as well as more extensive surgery. Patients 11 years of age and older with low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) probably caused by an insulinoma may be eligible for this study. Candidates will have their hypoglycemia confirmed (with tests done under NIH protocol 91-DK-0066: Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypoglycemia) and will have CT imaging of the abdomen and MRI and ultrasound tests of the liver and pancreas. Patients whose tumors are not found by these studies will undergo arteriography of the pancreas and hepatic (liver) venous sampling. Patients will then have laparoscopy. This surgical procedure uses a laparoscope-a tube-like device with special cameras and an ultrasound probe attached through which the surgeon can see and operate inside the abdomen. Laparoscopy is commonly done to remove the gallbladder and is also used to remove portions of the pancreas. For the current procedure, the surgeon makes small incisions in the abdomen, inserts tubes, fills the abdomen with gas, and proceeds to explore and operate on the pancreas. The surgeon will try to locate the tumor with the laparoscope. If the tumor is found, the location will be verified by the imaging study results. If it cannot be located by laparoscopy, the results of the imaging studies will be disclosed to enable removal. If the tumor cannot be successfully removed using the laparoscope, standard surgery will then be performed. If the tumor cannot be found though laparoscopy, imaging studies, or traditional surgery, the operation will be concluded without removing any of the pancreas. Medical treatment will be initiated and re-evaluation will be recommended after 6 months.

Patients with the clinical diagnosis of hypoglycemia secondary to a putative insulin secreting pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor require accurate localization of the tumor and definitive surgical resection. Non-invasive pre-operative imaging studies such as CT, MRI and ultrasound often fail to accurately localize the lesion prior to surgery. Invasive imaging such as arteriogram and selective arterial stimulation are a major improvement, but may not be needed in all patients. This trial will evaluate the ability of laparoscopic exploration with intraoperative ultrasound to localize the insulinoma and allow for its resection with a single procedure.

Islet Cell Tumors, Surgery, Ultrasound, Insulin, Rapid Assay, Arteriogram, Pancreas, Laparoscopy, Insulinoma, Localization, Hypoglycemia

INCLUSION CRITERIA: Patients with a history of symptomatic hypoglycemia due to insulin or proinsulin secretion presumed to be from an insulinoma. Age greater than or equal to 11 years. Patients must be willing to return to NIH for follow-up. Patients (or their parents or guardians) must be able to sign informed consent. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Patients with a history of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) or Von-Hipple-Lindau (VHL) syndrome or any history of a familial neuroendocrine tumor syndrome. pregnancy or breast-feeding. A negative pregnancy test (urine or serum) is required prior to enrollment. Known allergy to contrast agents and contraindications to or failure of pretreatment with prednisone, diphenhydramine, and cimetidine per standard procedure to prevent such reactions. Evidence of metastatic disease by CT, MRI or US. Platelet count less than 50,000. Medical condition which would preclude surgery including moderate to severe chronic lung disease that may be worsened by gas insufflation of the abdomen.

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Yamauchi H, Miyagawa K, Maeda M, Matsuno S, Sato T. Surgical management of insulinoma: diagnosis of tumor location and high incidence of malignancy. Jpn J Surg. 1986 Jan;16(1):8-15. doi: 10.1007/BF02471063.