Ursodeoxycholic Acid in Chronic Heart Failure

Inclusion Criteria: age >21 years of either sex the patient is willing and capable of complying with the requirements of this protocol the patient has provided written informed consent the patient has clinical evidence of chronic heart failure: reduced ejection fraction (≤40%) or left ventricular impairment on echocardiography (LVEDD ≥60mm) stable clinical condition and medication for at least 1 month prior to the study (New York Heart Association class II-IV). the patient is receiving appropriate conventional medical therapy for heart failure (ACE inhibitor or angiotensin II blocker, diuretics, beta-blocker as indicated and tolerated). Exclusion Criteria: congenital heart disease any life-threatening disease, other than heart failure active malignancy of any type, or history of a malignancy within previous 5 years. Patients with a history of other malignancies that have been surgically removed and who have no evidence of recurrence for at least five years prior to study enrolment are acceptable. previous heart transplant severe neuro-muscular disease history of unstable angina, myocardial infarction or stroke within 3 months prior to the study pregnancy or women of child-bearing age treatment with immunosuppressive therapy e.g. steroids for rheumatoid arthritis or obstructive lung disease significant renal dysfunction (serum creatinine >250mmol/l), severe liver disease (liver function tests > 3 times normal) unable to understand and comply with protocol or to give informed consent