Zinc Supplements in Lowering Cadmium Levels in Smokers

RATIONALE: Zinc supplements may lower cadmium levels in smokers and may help prevent DNA damage. PURPOSE: This clinical trial is studying how well zinc supplements work in lowering cadmium levels in smokers.

OBJECTIVES: Determine whether zinc supplements reduce cadmium levels in smokers. Measure serum levels of cotinine (a biomarker of smoking), zinc (a marker of compliance), and cadmium (the dependent variable) at 3 pre-supplementation visits and at 6 supplementation visits. Determine whether serum cadmium levels (adjusted for serum levels of cotinine) decrease during supplementation with VisiVite Smoker's Formula. Determine if increased cadmium levels in the blood of cigarette smokers can be correlated with decreased mismatch repair. Determine if administration of zinc-containing supplements reverses cadmium-induced inhibition of mismatch repair. OUTLINE: This is an open-label, nonrandomized study. Patients receive oral zinc supplements once daily for 12 weeks in the absence of unacceptable toxicity. Blood, serum, and urine are collected once weekly for 3 weeks before beginning treatment and in weeks 5, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 17 for biomarker/laboratory analysis. Samples are examined for cadmium, zinc, and cotinine levels by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, expression of mismatch repair proteins (MSH2, MSH6, MSH3, MLH1, and PMS2), levels of messenger RNA by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and microsatellite instability by gel electrophoresis. After completion of study therapy, patients are followed for 5 weeks.

Bladder Cancer, Cervical Cancer, Esophageal Cancer, Gastric Cancer, Head and Neck Cancer, Kidney Cancer, Leukemia, Liver Cancer, Lung Cancer, Pancreatic Cancer, Tobacco Use Disorder

renal cell carcinoma, bladder cancer, cervical cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, adult acute myeloid leukemia, pancreatic cancer, hypopharyngeal cancer, lip and oral cavity cancer, laryngeal cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, adult primary liver cancer, tongue cancer, tobacco use disorder

Serum levels of cotinine, zinc, and cadmium at 3 pre-supplementation visits and at 6 supplementation visits

DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS: Currently smoking ≥ 1 pack (20 cigarettes) per day Baseline cadmium level ≥ 0.5 μg/L PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS: Negative pregnancy test Fertile patients must use effective contraception No known gastrointestinal upset due to zinc vitamins or lozenges PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY: At least 2 weeks since prior and no other concurrent vitamins and zinc supplements