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Needle-free Jet Injection of Reduced-dose, Intradermal, Influenza Vaccine in >= 6 to < 24-month-old Children

Primary Purpose

Influenza

Status

Completed

Phase

Phase 1

Locations

Dominican Republic

Study Type

Interventional

Intervention

Vaxigrip® trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine

Intradermal spacer on Biojector® 2000 jet injector

About this trial

This is an interventional prevention trial for Influenza focused on measuring vaccination, influenza vaccine, jet injection, intradermal injection, infancy, children, dose-sparing, cutaneous vaccination, Dominican Republic, pandemic preparedness, jet injector, reduced dosage, immunogenicity, reactogenicity, safety, needle-free, immune response, hemagglutination inhibition, Infant

Eligibility Criteria

6 Months - 24 Months (Child)All SexesAccepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion Criteria:

Age from > = 6 to < 24 months (not having reached 2nd birthday).
Born after a full-term (≥ 37 weeks), and birth weight of >= 2.5 kg (>= 5 pounds, 8 ounces)
History of prior or first attendance as a patient, or as a sibling of a patient, seeking routine immunization or other clinical care at the Hospital Infantíl Robert Reid Cabral (HIRRC)
The parent(s) or legal guardian(s) provide(s) written informed consent and agree(s) to bring the infant back to the clinic for all visits scheduled in the study
Up-to-date for routine doses of vaccines officially recommended for the patient's age in the Dominican Republic to prevent tuberculosis, polio, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, and Haemophilus influenzae B
In good health, as determined by medical history and physical examination collected in accordance with the Case Report Form (CRF), and by the clinical judgment of the investigators.

Exclusion Criteria:

Infants WHOSE PARENT(S)/LEGAL GUARDIAN(S):

Are unable or unwilling to give written informed consent for their infant to participate in the study
Cannot be contacted by telephone (family's own or a neighbor's) if necessary for adverse events if scheduled followup return appointments are missed
Are unable to complete the diary for adverse events; are unable to measure and record temperatures or maximal diameter of local reactions or limb circumference; or have difficulty understanding written instructions; or other factors which indicate exclusion in the judgement of the study staff.

INFANTS who:

Have fever (by parental report or by rectal temperature ≥ 38.5° C or axillary ≥ 38.0° C) currently or within the past 3 days, or who are currently suffering from an acute or chronic infectious disease (including known HIV)
Have had an acute or chronic infection requiring systemic antimicrobial therapy (antibiotic or antiviral) or other prescribed treatment within the past 21 days. This includes any underlying illness that may limit their response to vaccination, such as those receiving intravenous immunoglobulin for agammaglobulinemia, or systemic steroid therapy.
Are malnourished, defined by weight less than two standard deviations below the median weight for their age
Are allergic to eggs, or have a history of any anaphylactic shock, asthma, urticaria, or other allergic reaction after previous vaccinations, or have allergy or hypersensitivity to any component of the study vaccine
Have ever previously received any influenza vaccine
Have received within the prior 28 days, or for whom there is the indication to receive in the next 56 days, any non-study vaccination or investigational agent outside of the study
Have a known bleeding diathesis, or any condition with a prolonged bleeding time
Currently have any serious confirmed or suspected disease, such as metabolic, cardiac, or autoimmune disease, or diabetes
Have a history of epilepsy or a seizure disorder, or neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism
Have a genetic anomaly or known cytogenic disorder (e.g., Down's syndrome)
Have leukemia, lymphoma, or any other cancer/neoplasm
Have known or suspected immune dysfunction, including HIV infection, or receives(ed) immunosuppressive therapy, including systemic corticosteroids
Have ever received blood, blood products, or parenteral preparations of immunoglobulin
Have any other serious disease (e.g., with signs of cardiac or renal failure), including progressive neurologic disease
Have any condition which, in the opinion of the investigator, may interfere in the evaluation of the objectives of the study

Sites / Locations

Hospital Infantíl Dr. Robert Reid Cabral

Arms of the Study

Arm 1

Arm 2

Arm 3

Arm Type

Experimental

Active Comparator

Arm Label

ID-JI-0.1

IM-NS-0.1

IM-NS-0.25 control

Arm Description

Group "ID-JI-0.1" (n = 16) - reduced 0.1 mL INF doses administered intradermally (ID) by needle-free jet injector (JI) (Biojector® 2000 subcutaneous syringe no. 2 [green color code], with 2 cm investigational spacer, Bioject Medical Technologies, Inc., Portland, OR, USA)

Group "IM-NS-0.1" (n = 16) - reduced 0.1 mL INF doses administered intramuscularly (IM) needle-syringe (NS) (via 22-25 gauge needle, minimum 25 mm/1-inch length)

Group "IM-NS-0.25" (controls) (n = 16) - full 0.25 mL INF doses administered intramuscularly (IM) by needle-syringe (NS) (22-25 gauge needle, minimum 25 mm/1-inch length)

Outcomes

Primary Outcome Measures

Rates of seroconversion (SC) on HI assay 1 month after dose 2. SC defined as titer >= 40 among initial-seronegatives (titer < 8 on day 0); OR, a followup titer which rises >= 4-fold.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Rates of local and systemic reactions

Seroprotection (SP) on HI assay, defined as >= 40 regardless of baseline

Geometric mean titers (GMT) on HI

Geometric mean increase (GMI) on HI

Full Information

NCT ID

NCT00386542

First Posted

October 10, 2006

Last Updated

June 8, 2010

Sponsor

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Collaborators

Fundación Dominicana de Infectología, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, Hospital Infantil Dr. Robert Reid Cabral, World Health Organization, Pan American Health Organization, PATH, Bioject Medical Technologies, Inc., MCM Vaccines B.V.

1. Study Identification

Unique Protocol Identification Number

NCT00386542

Brief Title

Needle-free Jet Injection of Reduced-dose, Intradermal, Influenza Vaccine in >= 6 to < 24-month-old Children

Official Title

Clinical Trial of Safety (Reactogenicity) and Immunogenicity of Needle-free Jet Injection of Reduced-dose, Intradermal Influenza Vaccine (INF) Administered to >= 6 to < 24 Month-old Infants and Toddlers in the Dominican Republic

Study Type

Interventional

2. Study Status

Record Verification Date

June 2010

Overall Recruitment Status

Completed

Study Start Date

October 2006 (undefined)

Primary Completion Date

November 2009 (Actual)

Study Completion Date

May 2010 (Actual)

3. Sponsor/Collaborators

Name of the Sponsor

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Collaborators

4. Oversight

Data Monitoring Committee

Yes

5. Study Description

Brief Summary

This is a sequential phase I and II, controlled, double-blinded study to determine whether immune responses suggesting protection against influenza can safely be induced in young children by two reduced doses one month apart of 0.1 mL of a trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (INF) administered by the intradermal (ID) route with an investigational ID spacer on a United States (U.S.)-licensed needle-free jet injector (JI), compared to two standard intramuscular (IM) 0.25 mL doses by needle-syringe (N-S) in this age group. The locale is a developing country where financial restraints for the use of full-dose influenza vaccine would limit protection from an influenza pandemic threat, where N-Ss pose dangers and drawbacks in clinical use, and where Mantoux-type N-S ID injections are difficult to administer during mass campaigns.

Detailed Description

Randomized, observer-blinded, clinical pilot (phase I) trial of safety, followed by a clinical (phase II) trial of safety and non-inferiority of immune response to the standard route and dose for the merged subjects from both phases. Phase I - Influenza-vaccine naïve children (n = 48) aged >= 6 to < 24 months will be randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to the following three study arms, each to receive two doses on days 0 and 28 of trivalent inactivated influenza (INF) vaccine (Vaxigrip®, Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon, France) into the left thigh (< 12 months) or left deltoid (≥ 12 months): Group "ID-JI-0.1" (n = 16) - reduced 0.1 mL INF doses administered intradermally (ID) by needle-free jet injector (JI) (Biojector® 2000 subcutaneous syringe no. 2 [green color code], with 2 cm investigational spacer, Bioject Medical Technologies, Inc., Portland, OR, USA) Group "IM-NS-0.1" (n = 16) - reduced 0.1 mL INF doses administered intramuscularly (IM) needle-syringe (NS) (via 22-25 gauge needle, minimum 25 mm/1-inch length) Group "IM-NS-0.25" (controls) (n = 16) - full 0.25 mL INF doses administered intramuscularly (IM) by needle-syringe (NS) (22-25 gauge needle, minimum 25 mm/1-inch length) Phase II - Upon assessment of the safety profile from phase I by the unblinded Data Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB), with its approval an additional 402 children will be recruited and randomized (134 per group) as in phase I above. Total subjects in phase I and II = 450 (150 in each of three study arms). Adverse Event Diaries: Parents will be trained to complete a diary form to observe, measure, and record solicited local reactions for the injection site and systemic signs and symptoms for the child for days 0 through 7 after vaccination, plus unsolicited symptoms, illness, and medications for days 0 through 28. Followup: Return clinic visits will be scheduled on days 2, 7, and 28 after INF dose 1, at which times the diary card data will be recorded by staff and the card collected on day 28. Upon receiving dose 2 of vaccine, patients will be scheduled again to return to the study center 2, 7, and 28 days afterwards. The same procedures as for dose 1 regarding diary cards, telephone followup, and home visits will apply after dose 2. Upon returning to clinic on day 28 after dose 2 (day 56 after dose 1), the child will receive an unblinded, "insurance", full-volume, 0.25 mL dose (#3) of influenza vaccine by NS IM, unless he or she is in the full-dose IM control group IM-NS-0.25, in which case a mock injection will be administered instead of a 3rd full dose beyond the usual 2-dose series. All participants will return 6 months after this third injection for a fourth "bonus" dose of influenza vaccine to ensure protection for the following season. Serum Collection: Blood specimens to measure serologic responses will be collected three times, just prior to vaccination on day 0 (INF dose 1), on day 28 (INF dose 2), and on day 56 (INF "insurance" dose 3). Ethical oversight additional to CDC IRB G by (1) World Health Organization Research Ethics Review Committee, (2) Consejo Nacional de Bioética en Salud, and (3) Fundación Dominicana de Infectología Comité de Etica/Investigaciones.

6. Conditions and Keywords

Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study

Influenza

Keywords

vaccination, influenza vaccine, jet injection, intradermal injection, infancy, children, dose-sparing, cutaneous vaccination, Dominican Republic, pandemic preparedness, jet injector, reduced dosage, immunogenicity, reactogenicity, safety, needle-free, immune response, hemagglutination inhibition, Infant

7. Study Design

Primary Purpose

Prevention

Study Phase

Phase 1, Phase 2

Interventional Study Model

Parallel Assignment

Masking

ParticipantCare ProviderInvestigatorOutcomes Assessor

Allocation

Randomized

Enrollment

450 (Actual)

8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions

Arm Title

ID-JI-0.1

Arm Type

Experimental

Arm Description

Arm Title

IM-NS-0.1

Arm Type

Active Comparator

Arm Description

Group "IM-NS-0.1" (n = 16) - reduced 0.1 mL INF doses administered intramuscularly (IM) needle-syringe (NS) (via 22-25 gauge needle, minimum 25 mm/1-inch length)

Arm Title

IM-NS-0.25 control

Arm Type

Active Comparator

Arm Description

Group "IM-NS-0.25" (controls) (n = 16) - full 0.25 mL INF doses administered intramuscularly (IM) by needle-syringe (NS) (22-25 gauge needle, minimum 25 mm/1-inch length)

Intervention Type

Biological

Intervention Name(s)

Vaxigrip® trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine

Intervention Description

See full description elsewhere in this record.

Intervention Type

Device

Intervention Name(s)

Intradermal spacer on Biojector® 2000 jet injector

Intervention Description

See elsewhere in this record for full description.

Primary Outcome Measure Information:

Title

Rates of seroconversion (SC) on HI assay 1 month after dose 2. SC defined as titer >= 40 among initial-seronegatives (titer < 8 on day 0); OR, a followup titer which rises >= 4-fold.

Time Frame

One month after each of doses 1 and 2.

Secondary Outcome Measure Information:

Title

Rates of local and systemic reactions

Time Frame

Up to 42 days for prompted symptoms after investigational doses 1 and 2. Up to 6 months for unsolicited ones.

Title

Seroprotection (SP) on HI assay, defined as >= 40 regardless of baseline

Time Frame

One month after each of doses 1 and 2.

Title

Geometric mean titers (GMT) on HI

Time Frame

One month after each of doses 1 and 2.

Title

Geometric mean increase (GMI) on HI

Time Frame

One month after each of doses 1 and 2.

10. Eligibility

Sex

All

Minimum Age & Unit of Time

6 Months

Maximum Age & Unit of Time

24 Months

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria: Age from > = 6 to < 24 months (not having reached 2nd birthday). Born after a full-term (≥ 37 weeks), and birth weight of >= 2.5 kg (>= 5 pounds, 8 ounces) History of prior or first attendance as a patient, or as a sibling of a patient, seeking routine immunization or other clinical care at the Hospital Infantíl Robert Reid Cabral (HIRRC) The parent(s) or legal guardian(s) provide(s) written informed consent and agree(s) to bring the infant back to the clinic for all visits scheduled in the study Up-to-date for routine doses of vaccines officially recommended for the patient's age in the Dominican Republic to prevent tuberculosis, polio, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, and Haemophilus influenzae B In good health, as determined by medical history and physical examination collected in accordance with the Case Report Form (CRF), and by the clinical judgment of the investigators. Exclusion Criteria: Infants WHOSE PARENT(S)/LEGAL GUARDIAN(S): Are unable or unwilling to give written informed consent for their infant to participate in the study Cannot be contacted by telephone (family's own or a neighbor's) if necessary for adverse events if scheduled followup return appointments are missed Are unable to complete the diary for adverse events; are unable to measure and record temperatures or maximal diameter of local reactions or limb circumference; or have difficulty understanding written instructions; or other factors which indicate exclusion in the judgement of the study staff. INFANTS who: Have fever (by parental report or by rectal temperature ≥ 38.5° C or axillary ≥ 38.0° C) currently or within the past 3 days, or who are currently suffering from an acute or chronic infectious disease (including known HIV) Have had an acute or chronic infection requiring systemic antimicrobial therapy (antibiotic or antiviral) or other prescribed treatment within the past 21 days. This includes any underlying illness that may limit their response to vaccination, such as those receiving intravenous immunoglobulin for agammaglobulinemia, or systemic steroid therapy. Are malnourished, defined by weight less than two standard deviations below the median weight for their age Are allergic to eggs, or have a history of any anaphylactic shock, asthma, urticaria, or other allergic reaction after previous vaccinations, or have allergy or hypersensitivity to any component of the study vaccine Have ever previously received any influenza vaccine Have received within the prior 28 days, or for whom there is the indication to receive in the next 56 days, any non-study vaccination or investigational agent outside of the study Have a known bleeding diathesis, or any condition with a prolonged bleeding time Currently have any serious confirmed or suspected disease, such as metabolic, cardiac, or autoimmune disease, or diabetes Have a history of epilepsy or a seizure disorder, or neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism Have a genetic anomaly or known cytogenic disorder (e.g., Down's syndrome) Have leukemia, lymphoma, or any other cancer/neoplasm Have known or suspected immune dysfunction, including HIV infection, or receives(ed) immunosuppressive therapy, including systemic corticosteroids Have ever received blood, blood products, or parenteral preparations of immunoglobulin Have any other serious disease (e.g., with signs of cardiac or renal failure), including progressive neurologic disease Have any condition which, in the opinion of the investigator, may interfere in the evaluation of the objectives of the study

Overall Study Officials: