MRI Scans in Evaluating the Effects of Radiation Therapy and Chemotherapy in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme or Anaplastic Glioma

MRI Scans in Evaluating the Effects of Radiation Therapy and Chemotherapy in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme or Anaplastic Glioma

Quantitative Assessment of the Early and Late Effects of Radiation and Chemotherapy on Glioblastoma Using Multiple MRI Techniques

RATIONALE: Diagnostic procedures, such as MRI, may help in learning how well radiation therapy and chemotherapy work in killing tumor cells and allow doctors to plan better treatment. PURPOSE: This clinical trial is studying MRI scans to see how well they evaluate the effects of radiation therapy and chemotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme or anaplastic glioma.

OBJECTIVES: Primary To quantitatively compare the relative cerebral blood volume/flow, mean transit time, and mean vessel diameter as measured by perfusion-weighted MRI before, during, and after chemoradiotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme. To measure the permeability-surface area product on a voxel-by-voxel basis before, during, and after chemoradiotherapy in these patients. To measure the full water self-diffusion tensor on a voxel-by-voxel basis before, during, and after chemoradiotherapy in these patients. To compare the tensor fractional anisotropy before, during, and after chemoradiotherapy in these patients. To compare the relative regional concentrations of choline, N-acetyl-asparate, and myoinositol as measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy before, during, and after chemoradiotherapy to interrogate cell membrane turnover, neuronal integrity, and glial reactions. To test the affects of a short period of 100% oxygen inhalation on imaging of tumor and surrounding tissue regions of interest, specifically cerebral blood volume changes in each area as compared to room air. Secondary To collect blood and urine samples for correlation analysis between imaging changes, molecular markers (including genetic markers), and clinical outcome of glioblastoma multiforme (phenotypic information). To correlate blood and urine biomarkers and blood genetic markers with tumor expression of these markers. OUTLINE: Patients undergo radiotherapy once daily 5 days a week for 6 weeks. Patients also receive oral temozolomide once daily 7 days a week during radiotherapy. After completion of chemoradiotherapy, patients receive oral temozolomide once daily for 5 days. Treatment with temozolomide repeats every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo MRI, including perfusion- and diffusion-weighted MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy prior to initiation of chemoradiotherapy, once weekly during chemoradiotherapy, and then monthly until tumor progression or until completion of 6 courses of post chemoradiotherapy. After completion of study treatment, patients are followed annually.

adult glioblastoma, adult giant cell glioblastoma, adult gliosarcoma, adult anaplastic astrocytoma, adult anaplastic ependymoma, adult anaplastic oligodendroglioma, adult mixed glioma

Temozolomide is administered according to standard of care practice guidelines. Dosing may be modified at the discretion of the treating investigator.

Radiation is administered to the tumor plus edema with a 1-2 centimeter margin for a total dose of 60 Gy in 30 fractions.

Relative Cerebral Blood Volume as Measured by Perfusion-weighted MRI Before, During, and After Chemoradiotherapy

Relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) is the blood volume in the region of interest (ROI) divided by the blood volume in the symmetrical region on the other side of the normal brain (control region). CBV was assessed using spin-echo post-contrast T1-weighted images. Multiple images were used to assess each participant at every time-point and the median value for each participant was calculated by time-point. The data presented represent the average of those median values at each time-point. The baseline value was measured twice (representing baseline 1 and 2) to make sure that the value was reproducible and to account for any variation attributable to measurement variation. CRT: Chemoradiotherapy Cx: The cycle number TMZ: temozolomide

Relative Cerebral Blood Flow as Measured by Perfusion-weighted MRI Before, During, and After Chemoradiotherapy

Relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) is the blood flow rate (the volume of blood passing through the specified are over a specified period of time) in the region of interest (ROI) divided by the blood flow rate in the symmetrical region on the other side of the normal brain (control region). CBF was assessed using spin-echo post-contrast T1-weighted images. CBF was assessed using spin-echo post-contrast T1-weighted images. Multiple images were used to assess each participant at every time-point and the median value for each participant was calculated by time-point. The data presented represent the average of those median values at each time-point. The baseline value was measured twice (representing baseline 1 and 2) to make sure that the value was reproducible and to account for any variation attributable to measurement variation. CRT: Chemoradiotherapy Cx: The cycle number TMZ: temozolomide

Mean transit time (MTT) corresponds to the average time, in seconds, that red blood cells spend within a determinate volume of capillary circulation.

Permeability-surface Area Product (Ktrans). Ktrans reflects the efflux rate of contrast from blood plasma into the tissue extravascular extracellular space (EES). Ktrans was assessed using post-contrast T1-weighted images. Multiple images were used to assess each participant at every time-point and the median value for each participant was calculated by time-point. The data presented represent the average of those median values at each time-point. CRT: Chemoradiotherapy Cx: The cycle number TMZ: temozolomide

Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) is a measure of the magnitude of diffusion (of water molecules) within tissue. ADC was assessed using post-contrast T1-weighted images. Multiple images were used to assess each participant at every time-point and the median value for each participant was calculated by time-point. The data presented represent the average of those median values at each time-point. CRT: Chemoradiotherapy Cx: The cycle number TMZ: temozolomide

Relative Regional Concentrations of Choline, N-acetyl-asparate, and Myoinositol as Measured by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Before, During, and After Chemoradiotherapy to Interrogate Cell Membrane Turnover, Neuronal Integrity, and Glial Reactions

Affects of a Short Period of 100% Oxygen Inhalation on Imaging of Tumor and Surrounding Tissue Regions of Interest, Specifically Cerebral Blood Volume Changes in Each Area as Compared to Room Air

DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS: Newly diagnosed anaplastic glioma (WHO grade III) or glioblastoma multiforme (WHO grade IV) Measurable disease Residual tumor size after surgery ≥ 1 cm in one dimension Planning to undergo standard chemoradiotherapy with temozolomide PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS: Glomerular filtration rate ≥ 60 mL/min Mini Mental Status Exam score > 15 Sufficiently competent to give informed consent Not pregnant or nursing Negative pregnancy test Fertile patients must use effective barrier contraception during and for 2 months after completion of study treatment No contraindication to MRI or to use of the contrast agent gadolinium, including any of the following: Claustrophobia Metallic objects or implanted medical devices (e.g., cardiac pacemaker, aneurysm clips, surgical clips, prostheses, artificial hearts, valves with steel parts, metal fragments, shrapnel, tattoos near the eye, or steel implants) Sickle cell disease Renal failure High risk for kidney disease (e.g., age > 60 years, diabetes, or history of systemic lupus erythematosus or multiple myeloma) No known history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or emphysema No other co-existing condition that, in the judgement of the investigator, may increase risk to the patient PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY: See Disease Characteristics Non-VEGF investigational agent allowed No concurrent chemotherapy (other than temozolomide) No concurrent electron, proton, particle, or implant radiotherapy No concurrent stereotactic radiosurgery No concurrent anti-VEGF anti-tumor agents

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