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Rosiglitazone And Fenofibrate Additive Effects on Lipids (RAFAEL) (RAFAEL)

Primary Purpose

Hypertriglyceridemia in Type 4 Hyperlipidemia, Non Diabetic Subjects With Normoglycemia

Status
Terminated
Phase
Phase 4
Locations
United States
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
Rosiglitazone
Placebo (Rosiglitazone)
Placebo (Fenofibrate)
Fenofibrate
Sponsored by
Ahmad Slim
About
Eligibility
Locations
Arms
Outcomes
Full info

About this trial

This is an interventional treatment trial for Hypertriglyceridemia in Type 4 Hyperlipidemia focused on measuring Type 4 hyperlipidemia, Rosiglitazone, Fenofibrate

Eligibility Criteria

18 Years - undefined (Adult, Older Adult)All SexesAccepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria:

  1. Fasting plasma glucose <100 mg/dl
  2. Fasting LDL <160 mg/dl and Triglyceride <400 mg/dl.

Exclusion criteria:

  1. Congestive heart failure
  2. Evidence of renal impairment (serum creatinine> 1.4mg/dL)
  3. Liver disease (ALT and/or AST above the upper level of normal)
  4. Known diabetes mellitus or impaired fasting glucose (fasting glucose ≥ 100mg/dL)
  5. LDL of ≥160mg/dL and/or triglycerides of ≥400mg/dL
  6. Pregnant or breast feeding women
  7. Prior history of an acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction or revascularization procedures in the past
  8. Life-threatening disease with a survival prognosis <3 years
  9. Inability to take rosiglitazone and/or fenofibrate
  10. Already on statin therapy or have been on statin therapy in the last 3 months

Sites / Locations

  • Brooke Army Medical Center

Arms of the Study

Arm 1

Arm 2

Arm 3

Arm 4

Arm Type

Active Comparator

Active Comparator

Experimental

Placebo Comparator

Arm Label

Rosiglitazone + Placebo

Fenofibrate + Placebo

Rosiglitazone +Fenofibrate

Placebo Therapy Daily

Arm Description

Rosiglitazone 8 mg daily + Placebo (Fenofibrate) 145 mg daily for 12 weeks

Fenofibrate 145mg daily + Placebo (Rosiglitazone) 8mg daily for 12weeks

Rosiglitazone 8mg daily + Fenofibrate 145mg daily for 12 weeks

Placebo (Rosiglitazone) 8mg daily + Placebo (Fenofibrate) 145 mg daily for 12 weeks

Outcomes

Primary Outcome Measures

Percent Change in Triglyceride (TG) Levels Post Treatment
The reported percent change is the difference between TG levels obtained on initial visit (day 0) and TG levels obtained at final visit (week 12) as per protocol

Secondary Outcome Measures

Post-treatment Percent Change in High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Levels
The reported percent change is the difference between HDL levels obtained on initial visit (day 0) and HDL levels obtained at final visit (week 12) as per protocol
Post-treatment Percent Change in Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Levels
The reported percent change is the difference between LDL levels obtained on initial visit (day 0) and LDL levels obtained at final visit (week 12) as per protocol
Post-treatment Percent Change in Apolipoprotein A-I (Apo AI), Apolipoprotein A-II (Apo AII) and Apolipoprotein C-III (Apo CIII) Levels
Post-treatment median change in Apo AI, Apo AII and Apo CIII levels reported in mg/dL with Interquartile ranges provided
Mean Levels of Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) at Initial Visit and Final Visit
The mean Levels of AST and ALT measured at initial visit (Day 0) and final visit (Week 12) annotated as AST 1, AST 12, and ALT 1 and ALT 12, respectively.

Full Information

First Posted
January 8, 2009
Last Updated
April 8, 2014
Sponsor
Ahmad Slim
Collaborators
GlaxoSmithKline
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1. Study Identification

Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT00819910
Brief Title
Rosiglitazone And Fenofibrate Additive Effects on Lipids (RAFAEL)
Acronym
RAFAEL
Official Title
Rosiglitazone And Fenofibrate Additive Effects on Lipids (RAFAEL)
Study Type
Interventional

2. Study Status

Record Verification Date
April 2014
Overall Recruitment Status
Terminated
Why Stopped
Slow recruitment and increase in deployment overseas limiting follow up
Study Start Date
September 2008 (undefined)
Primary Completion Date
May 2010 (Actual)
Study Completion Date
May 2010 (Actual)

3. Sponsor/Collaborators

Responsible Party, by Official Title
Sponsor-Investigator
Name of the Sponsor
Ahmad Slim
Collaborators
GlaxoSmithKline

4. Oversight

Data Monitoring Committee
Yes

5. Study Description

Brief Summary
The design of the study will be randomized, double blind trial, which will examine the effects of Rosiglitazone on the fasting triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and plasma concentrations of apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, and C-III as compared to Fenofibrate and placebo. This study will also assess the synergistic effect of Rosiglitazone and Fenofibrate on the same parameters. Data from this study will help clarify whether Rosiglitazone favorably impacts plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations through improving insulin sensitivity and glycemic control, or by directly influencing the synthesis of the apolipoproteins that are responsible for very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and HDL metabolism.
Detailed Description
Treatment of patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) consists of reducing hyperglycemia through diet, exercise, oral drug therapy or insulin (1). The Thiazolidinedione (TZDs), which include Troglitazone (withdrawn by the FDA), Rosiglitazone, and Pioglitazone, correct hyperglycemia by increasing insulin sensitivity in both the liver (2, 3) and skeletal muscles (4,5). Although TZDs improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetic subjects, when these agents are administered to non-diabetic subjects they do not affect fasting plasma glucose levels. Nolan et al. (6) observed no effect on the plasma glucose levels of non-diabetic subjects treated with Troglitazone 200 mg twice daily. Clinical trials using TZDs in type 2 diabetic subjects have observed that these agents also favorably impact plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations. A recent study comparing the efficacy of adding Metformin (850 mg, once or twice daily) or Troglitazone (200 mg, once or twice daily) to Glyburide (10 mg, twice daily) on glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients (n=22), reported that after 4 months of treatment, Metformin did not induce significant changes in LDL-C, LDL size, HDL-C, Triglycerides or Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), but decreased C-reactive protein (CRP) by 33%. Interestingly, Troglitazone increased the size of LDL and the mean LDL-C level (+10%), but decreased the Triglyceride (-22%) and CRP (-60%) concentrations (7). Following eight weeks of treatment with Rosiglitazone (4mg, twice daily) in 243 type 2 diabetic patients, the mean HDL-C increased by 6% and TG by 2%. The increase in the LDL-C concentration (9%) was accompanied by a shift in small, dense LDL to large, buoyant LDL in 52% of the treated subjects. The shift in LDL size occurred independent of a significant Triglyceride reduction, which is in contrast to several studies reporting that increases in LDL size are significantly correlated with a decrease in the plasma concentrations of total and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) Triglycerides (8-10). The mechanism involved in the plasma lipid and lipoprotein changes induced by TZDs remains unclear. It is possible that these agents indirectly alter plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels indirectly by improving insulin sensitivity and glycemic control, or directly by influencing lipoprotein synthesis and/or catabolism. In type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, hepatic synthesis of Triglycerides is increased and peripheral catabolism is decreased. The primary metabolic defect causing the hypertriglyceridemia is peripheral insensitivity to the action of insulin, accompanied by hyperinsulinemia. The insulin insensitivity inhibits the synthesis and activity of lipoprotein lipase and consequently impairs peripheral catabolism of Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (VLDL and Chylomicrons) (11-12). Since hepatocytes remain sensitive to the action of insulin, the hyperinsulinemia suppresses beta-oxidation and shunts free fatty acids entering the liver into the synthesis of Triglycerides. Therefore, hepatic production of Triglycerides (i.e. VLDL) is increased at the same time peripheral catabolism is impaired. The result is hypertriglyceridemia with a reciprocal decease in HDL-C concentration. By reducing insulin resistance and plasma insulin levels, TZDs would decrease hepatic Triglyceride production and enhance peripheral catabolism of Triglycerides, resulting in plasma reduction and a reciprocal increase in the HDL-C level. Recently, it has been recognized that circulating levels of Triglyceride and HDL-C are influenced by the activities of Peroxisome Proliferator Activator Receptors (PPARs). PPARs constitute a super family of nuclear hormone receptors and are ligand-activated transcription factors. When activated, they transmit signals from intra-cellular lipid-soluble factors (e.g. fatty acids, hormones, vitamins) to genes in the nucleus by binding to DNA at specific response elements (13). Three distinct PPARs, termed alpha, beta, and gamma modulate intracellular lipid and glucose metabolism through controlling gene expression when activated (14). Specifically when PPAR-alpha is activated, gene expression for the synthesis of ApoC-III, lipoprotein lipase, ApoA-I and ApoA-II are impacted. ApoC-III is a specific inhibitor of peripheral lipoprotein lipase and competes with ApoE for space on the surface of VLDL. Reduced amounts of ApoC-III will result in a larger representation of ApoE on the VLDL particle, and as a consequence, the ApoE mediated hydrolysis of Triglycerides is enhanced. Activation of PPAR-alpha leads to decrease production of ApoC-III, which in turn results in enhanced clearance of Triglycerides. Activation of PPAR-alpha also increases the synthesis of lipoprotein lipase, which increases Triglyceride catabolism. Gene expression for the synthesis of ApoA-I and ApoA-II is also enhanced by activation of PPAR-alpha, resulting in increase in HDL concentration. Fibric acid derivatives (Gemfibrozil and Fenofibrate) induce their Triglyceride lowering and HDL-C augmenting properties by binding to the PPAR-alpha nuclear receptor. TZDs are PPAR-gamma ligands that stimulate the gene expression of GLUT1 and GLUT4 (cellular glucose transport proteins) leading to increased insulin sensitivity in the target cells (15,16). The three PPAR receptors possess some degree of structural homology. Therefore, while TZDs have high affinity to PPAR-gamma, they may also bind to a lesser degree to PPAR-alpha or beta. Saliel and Olefsky (17) have determined in cell culture studies that Troglitazone can activate all three PPAR nuclear receptors. Lehmann et al. (18) observed in vitro that TZDs are high affinity ligands for PPAR-gamma yet also bind to PPAR-alpha (to a small degree). Binding PPAR-alpha would directly enhance the catabolism of Triglycerides (i.e. reduced ApoC-III plasma concentrations and increased lipoprotein lipase activity) and increase HDL-C plasma concentration through enhancing the expression of lipoprotein lipase and ApoA-I and ApoA-II. Therefore, administration of TZDs to non-diabetic normoglycemic individuals should not change plasma glucose concentrations, but by binding to PPAR-alpha it would result in decrease in the plasma concentration of ApoC-III, and an increase in ApoA-I and ApoA-II, with a subsequent rise in HDL-C and reduction in Triglyceride concentration. In a recent animal study assessing Rosiglitazone's mode of action on lipids using male Sprague-Dawley rats, serum total, free and HDL cholesterol concentrations were monitored. In rats given Rosiglitazone, serum Triglyceride levels decreased in a dose-dependent manner, dropping to less than 50% of that of the control rats at the highest dose tested (5 mg/kg/d). Serum glucose concentrations did not change after Rosiglitazone treatment, which is in agreement with previous studies showing that thiazolidinediones do not exert a hypoglycemic action in the normoglycemic, non-diabetic rat. (18)

6. Conditions and Keywords

Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Hypertriglyceridemia in Type 4 Hyperlipidemia, Non Diabetic Subjects With Normoglycemia
Keywords
Type 4 hyperlipidemia, Rosiglitazone, Fenofibrate

7. Study Design

Primary Purpose
Treatment
Study Phase
Phase 4
Interventional Study Model
Parallel Assignment
Masking
ParticipantInvestigator
Allocation
Randomized
Enrollment
41 (Actual)

8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions

Arm Title
Rosiglitazone + Placebo
Arm Type
Active Comparator
Arm Description
Rosiglitazone 8 mg daily + Placebo (Fenofibrate) 145 mg daily for 12 weeks
Arm Title
Fenofibrate + Placebo
Arm Type
Active Comparator
Arm Description
Fenofibrate 145mg daily + Placebo (Rosiglitazone) 8mg daily for 12weeks
Arm Title
Rosiglitazone +Fenofibrate
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
Rosiglitazone 8mg daily + Fenofibrate 145mg daily for 12 weeks
Arm Title
Placebo Therapy Daily
Arm Type
Placebo Comparator
Arm Description
Placebo (Rosiglitazone) 8mg daily + Placebo (Fenofibrate) 145 mg daily for 12 weeks
Intervention Type
Drug
Intervention Name(s)
Rosiglitazone
Other Intervention Name(s)
Avandia
Intervention Description
Rosiglitazone 8mg daily for 12 weeks
Intervention Type
Drug
Intervention Name(s)
Placebo (Rosiglitazone)
Intervention Description
Placebo (Rosiglitazone) 8mg daily for 12 weeks
Intervention Type
Drug
Intervention Name(s)
Placebo (Fenofibrate)
Intervention Description
Placebo (Fenofibrate) 145 mg daily for 12 weeks
Intervention Type
Drug
Intervention Name(s)
Fenofibrate
Other Intervention Name(s)
Tricor, Triglide, Fenoglide, Lipofen and Lofibra
Intervention Description
Fenofibrate 145 mg daily for 12 weeks
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Percent Change in Triglyceride (TG) Levels Post Treatment
Description
The reported percent change is the difference between TG levels obtained on initial visit (day 0) and TG levels obtained at final visit (week 12) as per protocol
Time Frame
12 weeks from initial visit (day 0) to final visit (12 weeks)
Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Post-treatment Percent Change in High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Levels
Description
The reported percent change is the difference between HDL levels obtained on initial visit (day 0) and HDL levels obtained at final visit (week 12) as per protocol
Time Frame
12 weeks from initial visit (day 0) to final visit (12 weeks)
Title
Post-treatment Percent Change in Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Levels
Description
The reported percent change is the difference between LDL levels obtained on initial visit (day 0) and LDL levels obtained at final visit (week 12) as per protocol
Time Frame
12 weeks from initial visit (day 0) to final visit (12 weeks)
Title
Post-treatment Percent Change in Apolipoprotein A-I (Apo AI), Apolipoprotein A-II (Apo AII) and Apolipoprotein C-III (Apo CIII) Levels
Description
Post-treatment median change in Apo AI, Apo AII and Apo CIII levels reported in mg/dL with Interquartile ranges provided
Time Frame
12 weeks from initial visit (day 0) to final visit (12 weeks)
Title
Mean Levels of Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) at Initial Visit and Final Visit
Description
The mean Levels of AST and ALT measured at initial visit (Day 0) and final visit (Week 12) annotated as AST 1, AST 12, and ALT 1 and ALT 12, respectively.
Time Frame
12 weeks from initial visit (day 0) to final visit (12 weeks)

10. Eligibility

Sex
All
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
18 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion criteria: Fasting plasma glucose <100 mg/dl Fasting LDL <160 mg/dl and Triglyceride <400 mg/dl. Exclusion criteria: Congestive heart failure Evidence of renal impairment (serum creatinine> 1.4mg/dL) Liver disease (ALT and/or AST above the upper level of normal) Known diabetes mellitus or impaired fasting glucose (fasting glucose ≥ 100mg/dL) LDL of ≥160mg/dL and/or triglycerides of ≥400mg/dL Pregnant or breast feeding women Prior history of an acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction or revascularization procedures in the past Life-threatening disease with a survival prognosis <3 years Inability to take rosiglitazone and/or fenofibrate Already on statin therapy or have been on statin therapy in the last 3 months
Overall Study Officials:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Ahmad m slim, MD
Organizational Affiliation
Brooke Army Medical Center
Official's Role
Principal Investigator
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Laudino Castillo-rojas, MD
Organizational Affiliation
Brooke Army Medical Center
Official's Role
Study Chair
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Jennifer N Slim, DO
Organizational Affiliation
Brooke Army Medical Center
Official's Role
Study Director
Facility Information:
Facility Name
Brooke Army Medical Center
City
San Antonio
State/Province
Texas
ZIP/Postal Code
78234
Country
United States

12. IPD Sharing Statement

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9030828
Citation
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Rosiglitazone And Fenofibrate Additive Effects on Lipids (RAFAEL)

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