Randomized Trial Evaluating Performance of the Trevo Retriever Versus the Merci Retriever in Acute Ischemic Stroke (TREVO2)

Randomized Trial Evaluating Performance of the Trevo Retriever Versus the Merci Retriever in Acute Ischemic Stroke

To determine if the Trevo Retriever is as good or better than the Merci Retriever in restoring blood flow to the brain of a patient experiencing an acute ischemic stroke in a large vessel.

The TREVO 2 protocol was designed to assess the safety and effectiveness of the Trevo Retriever device and determine if it is substantially equivalent to the predicate Merci Retriever. The trial utilized a Primary Effectiveness Endpoint of revascularization and a composite Primary Safety Endpoint that included procedure-related serious adverse events occurring within 24 hours of the procedure. Subjects who presented to enrolling centers with large ischemic strokes were screened for eligibility in the study. If a subject met eligibility criteria, then Informed Consent was obtained prior to commencing the angiogram. If all inclusion/exclusion criteria were confirmed, including the angiographic criteria, then the subject was randomized.The Primary Effectiveness Endpoint was successful revascularization of the target occlusion, using the TICI score. Success was determined by the central Core Lab.The Primary Safety Endpoint is a composite endpoint, described in the protocol as the "Incidence of procedure-related serious adverse events (PRSAEs) through 24 hours post procedure (-6/+12 hours) defined as: vascular perforation or intramural arterial dissection, symptomatic ICH, embolization to a previously uninvolved territory, access site complication requiring surgical repair or blood transfusion, intra-procedural mortality, device failure (in vivo breakage), or any other complications judged by the Clinical Events Committee (CEC) to be related to the procedure."

Ischemia, Stroke, Ischemic Stroke, Mechanical Thrombectomy, Brain, Brain clot, Cerebrovascular disease, Recanalization, Revascularization

Merci Retriever is the predicate product that received FDA clearance in 2004. Merci Retriever a first generation mechanical thrombectomy device intended to remove clot and restore blood flow in a neurovascular vessel in the setting of acute ischemic stroke.

Trevo Retriever is a second generation mechanical thrombectomy device intended to remove clot and restore blood flow in a neurovascular vessel in the setting of acute ischemic stroke. The Trevo Retriever is a type of stent, specifically design to allow for clot integration into the device. The clot in the retriever is then removed and blood flow is restored.

Revascularization of the occluded territory, defined as at least TICI 2 flow in the treated territory after use of the assigned device. Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) grading system for perfusion (ie blood flow through a vessel) Grade 0:No Perfusion. No antegrade flow beyond the point of occlusion. Grade 1:Penetration With Minimal Perfusion. Grade 2:Partial Perfusion. Grade 2a:Only partial filling (<2/3) of the entire vascular territory is visualized. Grade 2b:Complete filling of all of the expected vascular territory is visualized, but slower ... Grade 3:Complete Perfusion. For complete info see Higashida RT, Furlan AJ, Roberts H, Tomsick T, Connors B et al. (2003) Trial design and reporting standards for intra-arterial cerebral thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 34: e109-e137.10.1161/01.STR.0000082721.62796.09 PubMed: 12869717[PubMed]

Incidence of procedure-related serious adverse events (PRSAEs) through 24 hours post procedure (-6/+12 hours).

Good clinical outcomes at 90 days, as assessed by mRS (a "good" clinical outcome is defined as mRS </= 2) mRS 0-2 indicates functional independence 0 - No symptoms. - No significant disability. Able to carry out all usual activities, despite some symptoms. - Slight disability. Able to look after own affairs without assistance, but unable to carry out all previous activities. - Moderate disability. Requires some help, but able to walk unassisted. - Moderately severe disability. Unable to attend to own bodily needs without assistance, and unable to walk unassisted. - Severe disability. Requires constant nursing care and attention, bedridden, incontinent. - Dead. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modified_Rankin_Sca

Key Inclusion Criteria: Patient presenting with clinical signs and symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of Acute Ischemic Stroke, and: Patient has failed IV t-PA therapy Or Patient is contraindicated for IV t-PA administration NIHSS 8 < NIHSS < 29 Anticipated life expectancy of at least 6 months No significant pre-stroke disability (mRS < 1) Written informed consent to participate given by patient or legal representative Angiographic confirmation of a persistent large vessel occlusion in the internal carotid, middle cerebral (M1 and/or M2 segments), basilar and/or vertebral arteries Treatable within 8 hours of symptom onset, defined as the first pass being made with the assigned study device Key Exclusion Criteria: Abnormal blood pressure and/or blood coagulation lab values Pregnancy Patient participating in another investigational drug or device study More than 1/3 of MCA or equivalent in non-MCA territory Baseline evidence of significant mass effect with midline shift, or hemorrhage, or intracranial tumor Bilateral stroke

Nogueira RG, Lutsep HL, Gupta R, Jovin TG, Albers GW, Walker GA, Liebeskind DS, Smith WS; TREVO 2 Trialists. Trevo versus Merci retrievers for thrombectomy revascularisation of large vessel occlusions in acute ischaemic stroke (TREVO 2): a randomised trial. Lancet. 2012 Oct 6;380(9849):1231-40. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61299-9. Epub 2012 Aug 26. Erratum In: Lancet. 2012 Oct 6;380(9849):1230.

Winningham MJ, Haussen DC, Nogueira RG, Liebeskind DS, Smith WS, Lutsep HL, Jovin TG, Xiang B, Nahab F. Periprocedural heparin use in acute ischemic stroke endovascular therapy: the TREVO 2 trial. J Neurointerv Surg. 2018 Jul;10(7):611-614. doi: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2017-013441. Epub 2017 Oct 31.

Shi ZS, Liebeskind DS, Xiang B, Ge SG, Feng L, Albers GW, Budzik R, Devlin T, Gupta R, Jansen O, Jovin TG, Killer-Oberpfalzer M, Lutsep HL, Macho J, Nogueira RG, Rymer M, Smith WS, Wahlgren N, Duckwiler GR; Multi MERCI, TREVO, and TREVO 2 Investigators. Predictors of functional dependence despite successful revascularization in large-vessel occlusion strokes. Stroke. 2014 Jul;45(7):1977-84. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.005603. Epub 2014 May 29.