Effect of Phosphate Binders on Markers of Vascular Health in Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 3 and 4

A Randomized Study on the Effects of Sevelamer Carbonate Versus Calcium Acetate on Biomarkers of Vascular Calcification, Inflammation, and Endothelial Dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 3 and 4

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients often have high levels of a substance called fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23), a phosphorus excreting hormone, which has been related to heart disease. As kidney function declines, less phosphorus is removed by the kidneys and as a result phosphorus accumulates in the blood. In response to elevated phosphorus levels, more FGF-23 is released to help facilitate the excretion of extra phosphorus into the urine. In addition to effects on FGF-23, increased phosphorus levels can lead to calcification (hardening) of the blood vessels in the CKD population. Phosphate binding medicines are used in CKD patients to lower the amount of phosphorus absorbed by the stomach and intestines after eating meals and snacks. In patients with CKD, studies have shown that phosphate binders can lower FGF-23 levels in the blood. Lowering FGF-23 levels in CKD patients may also lower substances in the blood that cause calcification of blood vessels in the CKD population. This study is being done to determine if using phosphate binders, either sevelamer carbonate or calcium acetate, in the earlier stages kidney disease (before dialysis) can decrease FGF-23 and biomarkers (substances in the blood) associated with hardening of the blood vessels and heart disease.

Chronic kidney disease, Phosphate binder, Sevelamer carbonate, Calcium acetate, Vascular calcification, Endothelial Dysfunction

Inclusion Criteria: Males or females ≥ 18 years of age at start of screening CKD stage 3 or 4 defined by an eGFR 15 - 60 mL/min/1.73m2 Not expected to start dialysis for 8 months Serum intact PTH < 500 pg/mL during screening period On a stable ACE inhibitor/ARB regimen for 30 days prior to screening Exclusion Criteria: History of any of the following diseases: congestive heart failure, MI within the last 6 months, cerebrovascular accident, significant valvular disease, malignancy Currently receiving erythropoiesis stimulating agent or IV iron therapy History of inflammatory/autoimmune disease History of polycystic kidney disease HIV positive or AIDS Pregnant or breastfeeding Receiving activated Vitamin D analogs, nutritional vitamin D agents > 2,000 IU/day, or calcimimetics with in the last 3 months Significant GI disorder Proteinuria >3.5 g/24 hours

Mason DL, Godugu K, Nnani D, Mousa SA. Effects of sevelamer carbonate versus calcium acetate on vascular calcification, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction in chronic kidney disease. Clin Transl Sci. 2022 Feb;15(2):353-360. doi: 10.1111/cts.13151. Epub 2021 Oct 2.