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Lactic Acidosis During Entecavir(ETV)Treatment (ETV)

Primary Purpose

Lactic Acidosis

Status
Terminated
Phase
Phase 4
Locations
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
entecavir, lamivudine
Sponsored by
Asan Medical Center
About
Eligibility
Locations
Arms
Outcomes
Full info

About this trial

This is an interventional diagnostic trial for Lactic Acidosis focused on measuring lactic acidosis, entecavir, lamivudine

Eligibility Criteria

18 Years - 64 Years (Adult)All SexesDoes not accept healthy volunteers
  1. for ETV or LAM group

    Inclusion criteria:

    • 18 and more than 18 years, and less than 65 years
    • HBV-related liver cirrhosis or acute-on-chronic liver failure
    • Prior documentation of chronic HBV infection at least 6 months before randomization
    • MELD score 18 and more than 18
    • Venous blood lactate level 2 and less than 2 mmol/L

    Exclusion criteria:

    • Age of 65 or older, or younger than 18
    • Patients with acute hepatitis B including acute liver failure
    • Acute-on-chronic liver failure precipitated by acute hepatitis A or acetaminophen intoxication
    • MELD score less than 18
    • entecavir, lamivudine, telbivudine, clevudine, adefovir or tenofovir treatment continued longer than 3 months before entry.
    • Evidence of genotypic or virological resistance to lamivudine, clevudine, telbivudine, or adefovir
    • Patients with elevated venous blood lactate levels more than 2 mmol/L
    • Recent episodes of active infection, hypotension (systolic blood pressure less than 90 mmHg), gastrointestinal or other active bleeding within 2 weeks before entry
    • Any alcohol intake within 2 weeks before entry
    • Recent use of acetaminophen, epinephrine, metformin, iron, isoniazid, propofol, salicylate, sulfasalazine, or valproic acid within 2 weeks before entry. Use of lactulose is permitted.
    • Presence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma meeting the Milan criteria can be permitted.
    • Any cancer other than hepatocellular carcinoma except cervical carcinoma in situ, treated basal cell carcinoma, and superficial bladder tumors (Ta, Tis & T1). Any cancer curatively treated at least 3 years prior to entry is permitted.
    • Patients with HIV infection
    • Female patients in pregnancy
  2. for no NRTI group

Inclusion criteria:

  • Age of 65 or older, or younger than 18
  • Liver cirrhosis or acute-on-chronic liver failure not related with HBV
  • MELD score 18 and more than 18
  • Venous blood lactate level 2 and less than 2 mmol/L

Exclusion criteria:

  • Age of 65 or older, or younger than 18
  • Patients with positive HBsAg or IgM anti-HBc
  • Acute-on-chronic liver failure precipitated by acute hepatitis A or acetaminophen intoxication
  • MELD score less than 18
  • Patients with elevated venous blood lactate levels more than 2 mmol/L
  • Recent episodes of active infection, hypotension (systolic blood pressure less than 90 mmHg), gastrointestinal or other active bleeding within 2 weeks before entry
  • Any alcohol intake within 2 weeks before entry
  • Recent use of acetaminophen, epinephrine, metformin, iron, isoniazid, propofol, salicylate, sulfasalazine, or valproic acid within 2 weeks before entry. Use of lactulose is permitted.
  • Presence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma within Milan criteria can be permitted.
  • Any cancer other than hepatocellular carcinoma except cervical carcinoma in situ, treated basal cell carcinoma, and superficial bladder tumors (Ta, Tis & T1). Any cancer curatively treated at least 3 years prior to entry is permitted.
  • Patients with HIV infection
  • Female patients in pregnancy

Sites / Locations

    Arms of the Study

    Arm 1

    Arm 2

    Arm 3

    Arm Type

    Experimental

    Active Comparator

    No Intervention

    Arm Label

    entecavir

    lamivudine

    no NRTI group

    Arm Description

    Oral 0.5mg/day until development of lactic acidosis, OLT, death, or improvement of hepatic or renal function to MELD score less than 18. Participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average of 8 weeks.

    Oral 100mg/day lamivudine until development of lactic acidosis, OLT, death, or improvement of hepatic or renal function to MELD score less than 18. Participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average of 8 weeks.

    hepatitis C virus associated LC patients for the calculation of lactic acidosis incidence

    Outcomes

    Primary Outcome Measures

    Incidence of Elevated Venous Lactate Levels More Than 2 mmol/L of Any Etiology
    incidence of elevated venous lactate levels more than 2 mmol/L of any etiology until development of lactic acidosis, orthotropic liver transplantation (OLT), death, or improvement of hepatic or renal function to MELD score less than 18 and and participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average of 8 weeks.

    Secondary Outcome Measures

    Incidence of Elevated Venous Lactate Levels More Than 2 mmol/L Directly Related to NRTI
    incidence of elevated venous lactate levels more than 2 mmol/L directly related to NRTI until development of lactic acidosis, OLT, death, or improvement of hepatic or renal function to MELD score less than 18 and and participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average of 8 weeks.
    Incidence of Elevated Venous Lactate Levels More Than 2 mmol/L Caused by Etiologies Other Than NTRIs
    incidence of elevated venous lactate levels more than 2 mmol/L caused by etiologies other than NTRIs until development of lactic acidosis, OLT, death, or improvement of hepatic or renal function to MELD score less than 18 and and participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average of 8 weeks.
    Frequency of Concomitant Prescribed Medications Possibly Associated With Lactic Acidosis Other Than NTRIs
    Frequency of concomitant prescribed medications possibly associated with lactic acidosis other than NTRIs until development of lactic acidosis, OLT, death, or improvement of hepatic or renal function to MELD score less than 18 and and participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average of 8 weeks.
    Arterial pH and Anion Gap in Cases With Elevated Blood Lactate Levels (at the Time of Detection and Peak Levels
    Arterial pH and anion gap in cases with elevated blood lactate levels (at the time of detection and peak levels until development of lactic acidosis, OLT, death, or improvement of hepatic or renal function to MELD score less than 18 and and participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average of 8 weeks.
    Overall OLT-free Survival
    Overall OLT-free survival until development of OLT and death and participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay or outpatients visit, an expected average of 12 months

    Full Information

    First Posted
    May 11, 2011
    Last Updated
    April 10, 2018
    Sponsor
    Asan Medical Center
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    1. Study Identification

    Unique Protocol Identification Number
    NCT01354652
    Brief Title
    Lactic Acidosis During Entecavir(ETV)Treatment
    Acronym
    ETV
    Official Title
    The Incidence of Lactic Acidosis During Entecavir Treatment in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients With Severe Cirrhosis or Hepatic Failure
    Study Type
    Interventional

    2. Study Status

    Record Verification Date
    April 2018
    Overall Recruitment Status
    Terminated
    Why Stopped
    Tenofovir has become available in Korea.
    Study Start Date
    May 2011 (undefined)
    Primary Completion Date
    September 2013 (Actual)
    Study Completion Date
    September 2013 (Actual)

    3. Sponsor/Collaborators

    Responsible Party, by Official Title
    Principal Investigator
    Name of the Sponsor
    Asan Medical Center

    4. Oversight

    Data Monitoring Committee
    Yes

    5. Study Description

    Brief Summary
    The purpose of this study is to investigate whether entecavir treatment increases the incidence of lactic acidosis compared to another nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI), lamivudine, and/or no NRTI treatment, in patients with cirrhosis or hepatic failure whose Model for End stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores are over 18.
    Detailed Description
    Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the major cause of hepatic failure worldwide. Although the clinical course of HBV infection varies widely, the prognosis of decompensated liver cirrhosis is quite poor and the 5-year survival rate has been estimated to be only 14-35% without treatment. While the ultimate treatment of decompensated cirrhosis is orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), several studies have suggested that anti-viral therapy can also improve the clinical outcomes in this group of patients. Entecavir (ETV) is a potent cyclopentyl guanosine nucleoside inhibitor of the HBV polymerase. It has a higher anti-viral potency and a lower resistance rate compared to lamivudine (LAM), telbivudine or adefovir, when used for nucleoside/nucleotide-naïve patients. ETV has been shown to be effective in patients with both hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg)-positive and HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B, and compensated liver disease. As for patients with decompensated cirrhosis, the investigators recently reported that ETV can not only induce virological response but also improve underlying hepatic function, and thereby can reduce the need for OLT. The cumulative OLT-free survival at 1 year and 2 years was 87.1% and 83%, respectively with ETV treatment. Despite this dramatic benefit from ETV treatment, a recent study reported that ETV may induce lactic acidosis in patients with severe hepatic and/or renal function impairment. Lange et al. reported that 5 of 16 patients with severely impaired liver function developed lactic acidosis during ETV treatment. Of note, all the five patients who developed lactic acidosis had MELD scores over 20, and no increased serum lactate concentrations were observed in other 11 patients whose MELD scores were below 18. The Child-Pugh score correlated insufficiently with a risk of lactic acidosis. This result is not contradictory to our previous study, since the investigators did not analyze the incidence of lactic acidosis and the MELD score of the studied patients was relatively low (mean value: 11.5)in our study. Lactic acidosis has been reported occasionally in association with nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). NRTIs can induce lactic acidosis via interactions with the mitochondrial DNA polymerase. Until now, most reported cases were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects treated with several nucleoside inhibitors of the HIV reverse transcriptase. Risk factors include didanosine, stavudine, a combination of the two, female gender, age over 40 years, lower CD4 counts, and shorter duration of therapy (less than 12 months). As for non-HIV-infected cases, there was only one case report of fatal lactic acidosis during combination therapy with adefovir and entecavir prior to the report of Lange et al. Interestingly, in vitro inhibition of mitochondrial DNA polymerase was shown for lamivudine, adefovir and tenofovir, but not for entecavir. Lactate levels in the blood result from the balance between production and clearance. In normal physiologic conditions, lactate is produced primarily from skeletal muscle, skin, brain, intestine and red blood cells. In severe illness, it can be produced in many other tissues including lung, leukocytes, liver, or intestine. Lactate clearance occurs principally in the liver (60%), kidney (30%), heart and skeletal muscles. For these reasons, though lactic acidosis is typically present in shock states in which oxygen delivery is insufficient to meet cellular demand, elevated blood levels can also result from chronic liver disease and renal impairment. In addition, many other conditions have been reported in association with lactic acidosis even without ongoing evidence of hypoxia or ischemia. Examples are malignancy-related metabolic shifts, systemic inflammatory response, hepatic failure, and various drugs including acetaminophen, NRTIs, metformin, propofol, thiamine deficiency, total parenteral nutrition, and even lactulose. Therefore, in critically ill patients with cirrhosis or hepatic failure, lactic acidosis can result from various causes or in combination, in addition to the NRTIs. First of all, liver failure per se is associated with decreased lactate clearance, which is further aggravated in sepsis or renal failure. The liver can also be a source of lactate production and many medications other than NRTIs can precipitate lactic acidosis. For these reasons, it is not still conclusive whether ETV treatment itself is a direct cause of lactic acidosis in critically ill patients with cirrhosis or hepatic failure, since there was no control group in the study of Lange et al. A similar scenario was observed in a study performed in HIV-infected patients, in which mitochondrial-to-nuclear DNA ratio was compared among non-HIV-infected controls, HIV-infected individuals not on NRTIs, and HIV-infected individuals on NRTIs. In this study, HIV alone affected the mitochondrial-to-nuclear DNA ratio, and therefore resulted in lactic acidosis. Recently, Wong et al. reported the safety and efficacy of ETV in patients with severe acute exacerbation compared to LAM. In this study, ETV treatment was associated with increased short-term mortality in patients with severe acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B but achieved better virological response in the long run. Wong et al. assumed that the cause of increased short-term mortality in ETV-treated patients is due to not only the strong immune response but also lactic acidosis. As such, they suggested that LAM may be initiated first and routine switching to ETV after liver function has improved or the adoption of the roadmap concept are reasonable treatment strategies. However, drug resistance can be a problem in the long term because of the increase of resistance mutation for lamivudine or entecavir later in patients who have the history of exposure to lamivudine before entecavir treatment in the past or have been treated with lamivudine. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate whether ETV treatment increases the incidence of lactic acidosis compared to another NRTI, lamivudine, and/or no NRTI treatment, in patients with cirrhosis or hepatic failure whose MELD scores are over 18.

    6. Conditions and Keywords

    Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
    Lactic Acidosis
    Keywords
    lactic acidosis, entecavir, lamivudine

    7. Study Design

    Primary Purpose
    Diagnostic
    Study Phase
    Phase 4
    Interventional Study Model
    Parallel Assignment
    Masking
    None (Open Label)
    Allocation
    Randomized
    Enrollment
    5 (Actual)

    8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions

    Arm Title
    entecavir
    Arm Type
    Experimental
    Arm Description
    Oral 0.5mg/day until development of lactic acidosis, OLT, death, or improvement of hepatic or renal function to MELD score less than 18. Participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average of 8 weeks.
    Arm Title
    lamivudine
    Arm Type
    Active Comparator
    Arm Description
    Oral 100mg/day lamivudine until development of lactic acidosis, OLT, death, or improvement of hepatic or renal function to MELD score less than 18. Participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average of 8 weeks.
    Arm Title
    no NRTI group
    Arm Type
    No Intervention
    Arm Description
    hepatitis C virus associated LC patients for the calculation of lactic acidosis incidence
    Intervention Type
    Drug
    Intervention Name(s)
    entecavir, lamivudine
    Other Intervention Name(s)
    Entecavir:baraclude, Lamivudine: zeffix
    Intervention Description
    entecavir: 0.5mg/day p.o until development of lactic acidosis, OLT, death, or improvement of hepatic or renal function to MELD score less than 18 and participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average of 8 weeks. lamivudine: 100mg/day p.o until development of lactic acidosis, OLT, death, or improvement of hepatic or renal function to MELD score less than 18 and and participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average of 8 weeks.
    Primary Outcome Measure Information:
    Title
    Incidence of Elevated Venous Lactate Levels More Than 2 mmol/L of Any Etiology
    Description
    incidence of elevated venous lactate levels more than 2 mmol/L of any etiology until development of lactic acidosis, orthotropic liver transplantation (OLT), death, or improvement of hepatic or renal function to MELD score less than 18 and and participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average of 8 weeks.
    Time Frame
    participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average of 8 weeks
    Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
    Title
    Incidence of Elevated Venous Lactate Levels More Than 2 mmol/L Directly Related to NRTI
    Description
    incidence of elevated venous lactate levels more than 2 mmol/L directly related to NRTI until development of lactic acidosis, OLT, death, or improvement of hepatic or renal function to MELD score less than 18 and and participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average of 8 weeks.
    Time Frame
    Participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average of 8 weeks
    Title
    Incidence of Elevated Venous Lactate Levels More Than 2 mmol/L Caused by Etiologies Other Than NTRIs
    Description
    incidence of elevated venous lactate levels more than 2 mmol/L caused by etiologies other than NTRIs until development of lactic acidosis, OLT, death, or improvement of hepatic or renal function to MELD score less than 18 and and participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average of 8 weeks.
    Time Frame
    Participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average of 8 weeks
    Title
    Frequency of Concomitant Prescribed Medications Possibly Associated With Lactic Acidosis Other Than NTRIs
    Description
    Frequency of concomitant prescribed medications possibly associated with lactic acidosis other than NTRIs until development of lactic acidosis, OLT, death, or improvement of hepatic or renal function to MELD score less than 18 and and participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average of 8 weeks.
    Time Frame
    Participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average of 8 weeks
    Title
    Arterial pH and Anion Gap in Cases With Elevated Blood Lactate Levels (at the Time of Detection and Peak Levels
    Description
    Arterial pH and anion gap in cases with elevated blood lactate levels (at the time of detection and peak levels until development of lactic acidosis, OLT, death, or improvement of hepatic or renal function to MELD score less than 18 and and participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average of 8 weeks.
    Time Frame
    Participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average of 8 weeks
    Title
    Overall OLT-free Survival
    Description
    Overall OLT-free survival until development of OLT and death and participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay or outpatients visit, an expected average of 12 months
    Time Frame
    Participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay or outpatients visit, an expected average of 12 months

    10. Eligibility

    Sex
    All
    Minimum Age & Unit of Time
    18 Years
    Maximum Age & Unit of Time
    64 Years
    Accepts Healthy Volunteers
    No
    Eligibility Criteria
    for ETV or LAM group Inclusion criteria: 18 and more than 18 years, and less than 65 years HBV-related liver cirrhosis or acute-on-chronic liver failure Prior documentation of chronic HBV infection at least 6 months before randomization MELD score 18 and more than 18 Venous blood lactate level 2 and less than 2 mmol/L Exclusion criteria: Age of 65 or older, or younger than 18 Patients with acute hepatitis B including acute liver failure Acute-on-chronic liver failure precipitated by acute hepatitis A or acetaminophen intoxication MELD score less than 18 entecavir, lamivudine, telbivudine, clevudine, adefovir or tenofovir treatment continued longer than 3 months before entry. Evidence of genotypic or virological resistance to lamivudine, clevudine, telbivudine, or adefovir Patients with elevated venous blood lactate levels more than 2 mmol/L Recent episodes of active infection, hypotension (systolic blood pressure less than 90 mmHg), gastrointestinal or other active bleeding within 2 weeks before entry Any alcohol intake within 2 weeks before entry Recent use of acetaminophen, epinephrine, metformin, iron, isoniazid, propofol, salicylate, sulfasalazine, or valproic acid within 2 weeks before entry. Use of lactulose is permitted. Presence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma meeting the Milan criteria can be permitted. Any cancer other than hepatocellular carcinoma except cervical carcinoma in situ, treated basal cell carcinoma, and superficial bladder tumors (Ta, Tis & T1). Any cancer curatively treated at least 3 years prior to entry is permitted. Patients with HIV infection Female patients in pregnancy for no NRTI group Inclusion criteria: Age of 65 or older, or younger than 18 Liver cirrhosis or acute-on-chronic liver failure not related with HBV MELD score 18 and more than 18 Venous blood lactate level 2 and less than 2 mmol/L Exclusion criteria: Age of 65 or older, or younger than 18 Patients with positive HBsAg or IgM anti-HBc Acute-on-chronic liver failure precipitated by acute hepatitis A or acetaminophen intoxication MELD score less than 18 Patients with elevated venous blood lactate levels more than 2 mmol/L Recent episodes of active infection, hypotension (systolic blood pressure less than 90 mmHg), gastrointestinal or other active bleeding within 2 weeks before entry Any alcohol intake within 2 weeks before entry Recent use of acetaminophen, epinephrine, metformin, iron, isoniazid, propofol, salicylate, sulfasalazine, or valproic acid within 2 weeks before entry. Use of lactulose is permitted. Presence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma within Milan criteria can be permitted. Any cancer other than hepatocellular carcinoma except cervical carcinoma in situ, treated basal cell carcinoma, and superficial bladder tumors (Ta, Tis & T1). Any cancer curatively treated at least 3 years prior to entry is permitted. Patients with HIV infection Female patients in pregnancy
    Overall Study Officials:
    First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
    Han Chu Lee, M.D
    Organizational Affiliation
    Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine
    Official's Role
    Principal Investigator

    12. IPD Sharing Statement

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    Lactic Acidosis During Entecavir(ETV)Treatment

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