Low Dose β-carotene Supplementation Diminishes Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetics and Healthy Individuals
Primary Purpose
Diabetes Mellitus, Oxidative Stress, Iron Metabolism Disorders
Status
Completed
Phase
Not Applicable
Locations
Venezuela
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
Betacarotene
Controls. No treatment
Sponsored by
About this trial
This is an interventional basic science trial for Diabetes Mellitus focused on measuring Type 2 diabetes, β-carotene, Oxidative balance, Oxidants, Antioxidants
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
Patients with a diagnose of Type 2 diabetes mellitus of at least 5 years of diagnosis, in treatment with oral hypoglycemics Patients in regular control (once a month) in the Hospital
Exclusion Criteria:
- Hospitalized patient
- Diabetic patient with diabetes related acute complications (ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar coma)in the 3 months previous to the study.
- Individuals with infections that required antibiotics in the 3 weeks previous to the study.
- Individuals with antibodies anti-insulin, autoimmune diseases or in treatment with immunosuppressive drugs.
- Individuals with viral infections such as hepatitis B, hematological, renal or hepatic diseases.
- Pregnancy
Sites / Locations
- Hospital Baudilio Lara
Arms of the Study
Arm 1
Arm 2
Arm 3
Arm 4
Arm Type
Experimental
Experimental
Active Comparator
Active Comparator
Arm Label
Supplemented Diabetics (DB)
Unsupplemented Diabetics (DS)
Supplemented Controls (CB)
Unsupplemented Controls (CS)
Arm Description
Diabetics supplemented with betacarotene for 45 days
Diabetics without betacarotene supplementation
Controls supplemented with betacarotene for 45 days
Controls without betacarotene supplementation
Outcomes
Primary Outcome Measures
Changes in oxidative status
Secondary Outcome Measures
Hemoglobin and hematocrit
Ferritin
Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with monoclonal antibodies
Iron metabolism markers
Serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC) were determined by the methods proposed by the International Committee of Standardization of Hematology.
Blood Chemistry
Glycemia, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL were determined automatically in a Ciba Corning 550 Express autoanalizer, using classic enzymatic methods for the determination of these variables.
Glycosylated Hemoglobin
It was determined using a commercial kit (Bioscience, Caracas, Venezuela),
Oxidized LDL
Analyzed by a solid phase two-site enzyme immunoassay from Mercodia (Sweden), which contains 2 monoclonal antibodies directed against separated antigenic determinants on the oxidized apolipoprotein B molecule.
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive substances (TBARS)
Were detected by the quantification of malondialdehyde present in the sample, by reacting 2 molecules of thiobarbituric acid with 1 molecule of malondialdehyde, which produces an abduct that is detected at 535 mn.
Ferric Reducing ability of Plasma (FRAP).
Measured after 4 and 10 min incubation, was used to determine the ability of plasma to reduce iron from ferric to ferrous state, based on the formation of a triazine-Fe+3 complex, that when reduced to Fe+2, generate a change in color that is measured at 593 nm.
Activities of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx).
Determined by commercial kits (Cayman Chemicals, Pittsburg) following the recommended protocols
Serum zinc and copper.
By flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry
β-carotene.
It was determined by HPLC, with a reverse fase C18 column.
Serum retinol
It was determined by HPLC, with a reverse fase C18 column, as an indirect measure of betacarotene metabolism.
Serum nitrites
Were determined as an indirect measure of the concentration of nitric oxide, since nitrites are the stable end products of its degradation. Nitrates were reduced to nitrites by activated cadmium. Then sulfanilamide and nitrites generate a chromophore that reacts with naftilethylenediamine, to generate a product visible at 540 nm.
Serum and erythrocyte folates.
The method is based in the folate-dependent controlled growth of a Lactobacillus strain that is measured spectrophotometrically and quantified against a standard curve.
Full Information
NCT ID
NCT01477112
First Posted
November 15, 2011
Last Updated
November 18, 2011
Sponsor
Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas
Collaborators
Seguros Caracas Foundation, National Fund for Science and Technology, Science Mission
1. Study Identification
Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT01477112
Brief Title
Low Dose β-carotene Supplementation Diminishes Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetics and Healthy Individuals
Official Title
Effect of the Supplementation With β-carotene to Type 2 Diabetic Patients and Healthy Controls on the Iron Status and Antioxidant Capacity of Plasma
Study Type
Interventional
2. Study Status
Record Verification Date
November 2011
Overall Recruitment Status
Completed
Study Start Date
January 2010 (undefined)
Primary Completion Date
December 2010 (Actual)
Study Completion Date
December 2010 (Actual)
3. Sponsor/Collaborators
Responsible Party, by Official Title
Principal Investigator
Name of the Sponsor
Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas
Collaborators
Seguros Caracas Foundation, National Fund for Science and Technology, Science Mission
4. Oversight
Data Monitoring Committee
Yes
5. Study Description
Brief Summary
Since diabetes has multiple etiologies and oxidative stress one of the proposed mechanisms, the objective is to determine the effect of supplementation with β-carotene to type 2 diabetics and healthy individuals, on iron metabolism, oxidative balance, and antioxidant plasma capacity, using doses similar to the daily nutritional requirement.
Detailed Description
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic, multifactorial disease, and oxidative stress one of the pathophysiological mechanisms associated with its appearance and development. The objective was to determine the effect of supplementation with β-carotene to type 2 diabetics and healthy individuals, on iron metabolism, oxidative balance, and antioxidant plasma capacity, using doses similar to the daily nutritional requirement.
A total of 117 volunteers participated in the study. Type 2 diabetics (34) and healthy individuals (24), received 6 mg β-carotene for 45 d, and were compared to similar non-supplemented diabetic (33) and control (26) groups. Blood samples were taken at the beginning, end and 30 days after finishing supplementation, to determine hemoglobin, hematocrit unsaturated iron binding capacity, total iron binding capacity, transferrin saturation, ferritin, glycemia, glycosylated hemoglobin, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, oxidized LDL, copper, zinc, TBARS, FRAP, nitrites, GPx, SOD, folates, retinol and β-carotene.
6. Conditions and Keywords
Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Diabetes Mellitus, Oxidative Stress, Iron Metabolism Disorders
Keywords
Type 2 diabetes, β-carotene, Oxidative balance, Oxidants, Antioxidants
7. Study Design
Primary Purpose
Basic Science
Study Phase
Not Applicable
Interventional Study Model
Parallel Assignment
Masking
None (Open Label)
Allocation
Randomized
Enrollment
117 (Actual)
8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions
Arm Title
Supplemented Diabetics (DB)
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
Diabetics supplemented with betacarotene for 45 days
Arm Title
Unsupplemented Diabetics (DS)
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
Diabetics without betacarotene supplementation
Arm Title
Supplemented Controls (CB)
Arm Type
Active Comparator
Arm Description
Controls supplemented with betacarotene for 45 days
Arm Title
Unsupplemented Controls (CS)
Arm Type
Active Comparator
Arm Description
Controls without betacarotene supplementation
Intervention Type
Dietary Supplement
Intervention Name(s)
Betacarotene
Other Intervention Name(s)
β-carotene as a soft gel capsule (GNC, Pennsylvania-USA)
Intervention Description
6 mg betacarotene in caplets for 45 days (daily)and reevaluate parameters 30 days after finishing supplementation
Intervention Type
Dietary Supplement
Intervention Name(s)
Controls. No treatment
Other Intervention Name(s)
No supplements
Intervention Description
Evaluate at time 0, 45 days and 75 days, but without receiving betacarotene supplements
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Changes in oxidative status
Time Frame
Time 0, 45 days and 75 days after supplementation
Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Hemoglobin and hematocrit
Time Frame
Time 0, 45 days and 75 days after supplementation
Title
Ferritin
Description
Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with monoclonal antibodies
Time Frame
Time 0, 45 days and 75 days after supplementation
Title
Iron metabolism markers
Description
Serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC) were determined by the methods proposed by the International Committee of Standardization of Hematology.
Time Frame
Time 0, 45 days and 75 days after supplementation
Title
Blood Chemistry
Description
Glycemia, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL were determined automatically in a Ciba Corning 550 Express autoanalizer, using classic enzymatic methods for the determination of these variables.
Time Frame
Time 0, 45 days and 75 days after supplementation
Title
Glycosylated Hemoglobin
Description
It was determined using a commercial kit (Bioscience, Caracas, Venezuela),
Time Frame
Time 0, 45 days and 75 days after supplementation
Title
Oxidized LDL
Description
Analyzed by a solid phase two-site enzyme immunoassay from Mercodia (Sweden), which contains 2 monoclonal antibodies directed against separated antigenic determinants on the oxidized apolipoprotein B molecule.
Time Frame
Time 0, 45 days and 75 days after supplementation
Title
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive substances (TBARS)
Description
Were detected by the quantification of malondialdehyde present in the sample, by reacting 2 molecules of thiobarbituric acid with 1 molecule of malondialdehyde, which produces an abduct that is detected at 535 mn.
Time Frame
Time 0, 45 days and 75 days after supplementation
Title
Ferric Reducing ability of Plasma (FRAP).
Description
Measured after 4 and 10 min incubation, was used to determine the ability of plasma to reduce iron from ferric to ferrous state, based on the formation of a triazine-Fe+3 complex, that when reduced to Fe+2, generate a change in color that is measured at 593 nm.
Time Frame
Time 0, 45 days and 75 days after supplementation
Title
Activities of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx).
Description
Determined by commercial kits (Cayman Chemicals, Pittsburg) following the recommended protocols
Time Frame
Time 0, 45 days and 75 days after supplementation
Title
Serum zinc and copper.
Description
By flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry
Time Frame
Time 0, 45 days and 75 days after supplementation
Title
β-carotene.
Description
It was determined by HPLC, with a reverse fase C18 column.
Time Frame
Time 0, 45 days and 75 days after supplementation
Title
Serum retinol
Description
It was determined by HPLC, with a reverse fase C18 column, as an indirect measure of betacarotene metabolism.
Time Frame
Time 0, 45 days and 75 days after supplementation
Title
Serum nitrites
Description
Were determined as an indirect measure of the concentration of nitric oxide, since nitrites are the stable end products of its degradation. Nitrates were reduced to nitrites by activated cadmium. Then sulfanilamide and nitrites generate a chromophore that reacts with naftilethylenediamine, to generate a product visible at 540 nm.
Time Frame
Time 0, 45 days and 75 days after supplementation
Title
Serum and erythrocyte folates.
Description
The method is based in the folate-dependent controlled growth of a Lactobacillus strain that is measured spectrophotometrically and quantified against a standard curve.
Time Frame
Time 0, 45 days and 75 days after supplementation
10. Eligibility
Sex
All
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
18 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
Patients with a diagnose of Type 2 diabetes mellitus of at least 5 years of diagnosis, in treatment with oral hypoglycemics Patients in regular control (once a month) in the Hospital
Exclusion Criteria:
Hospitalized patient
Diabetic patient with diabetes related acute complications (ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar coma)in the 3 months previous to the study.
Individuals with infections that required antibiotics in the 3 weeks previous to the study.
Individuals with antibodies anti-insulin, autoimmune diseases or in treatment with immunosuppressive drugs.
Individuals with viral infections such as hepatitis B, hematological, renal or hepatic diseases.
Pregnancy
Overall Study Officials:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Maria N Garcia-Casal, PhD
Organizational Affiliation
Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas
Official's Role
Study Director
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Jose M Moreno, PhD
Organizational Affiliation
Instituto Venezolanode Investigaciones cientificas
Official's Role
Principal Investigator
Facility Information:
Facility Name
Hospital Baudilio Lara
City
Barquisimeto
State/Province
Lara
Country
Venezuela
12. IPD Sharing Statement
Citations:
PubMed Identifier
10587829
Citation
Ford ES, Cogswell ME. Diabetes and serum ferritin concentration among U.S. adults. Diabetes Care. 1999 Dec;22(12):1978-83. doi: 10.2337/diacare.22.12.1978.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
12941775
Citation
Ford ES, Mokdad AH, Giles WH, Brown DW. The metabolic syndrome and antioxidant concentrations: findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Diabetes. 2003 Sep;52(9):2346-52. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.52.9.2346.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
16537987
Citation
Sugiura M, Nakamura M, Ikoma Y, Yano M, Ogawa K, Matsumoto H, Kato M, Ohshima M, Nagao A. The homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index is inversely associated with serum carotenoids in non-diabetic subjects. J Epidemiol. 2006 Mar;16(2):71-8. doi: 10.2188/jea.16.71.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
19491386
Citation
Song Y, Cook NR, Albert CM, Van Denburgh M, Manson JE. Effects of vitamins C and E and beta-carotene on the risk of type 2 diabetes in women at high risk of cardiovascular disease: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Aug;90(2):429-37. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27491. Epub 2009 Jun 2.
Results Reference
background
Links:
URL
http://ivic.gob.ve
Description
Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas
URL
http://www.diabetes.org
Description
American Diabetes Association
Learn more about this trial
Low Dose β-carotene Supplementation Diminishes Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetics and Healthy Individuals
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