Back to resultsDietary Supplement of Curcumin in Subjects With Active Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis Treated With Subcutaneous Interferon Beta 1a (CONTAIN)
Primary Purpose
Multiple Sclerosis
Status
Completed
Phase
Phase 2
Locations
Italy
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
IFN beta 1a 44 mcg TIW
Curcumin
Placebo
Sponsored by
About this trial
This is an interventional treatment trial for Multiple Sclerosis focused on measuring Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing, Interferon beta 1a, Curcumin
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
- Subjects with early diagnosis (no more than 3 years) of Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis according to the revised McDonald Criteria (2010)
- Subjects currently in treatment with IFN beta-1a 44 mcg TIW, having received this treatment a minimum of 6 months and for not longer than 12 months before enrollment.
- Subjects must experience at least one Gd-enhancing MRI lesion at baseline visit or one MS relapse in the last 6 months before screening visit.
- Males and females between 18 - 60 years of age
- Subjects with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) between 0-5.5
- No use of oral or systemic corticosteroids or corticotropin (ACTH) within 30 days prior to Screening visit. No use of any Disease Modifying Drug (DMD) (other than IFN beta-1a 44 mcg) 12 months prior to Screening visit
- Be willing and able to comply with the protocol
- Signed informed consent
Exclusion Criteria:
- Pregnancy and breast-feeding
- History of alcohol or drug abuse
- Serious psychiatric disorders
- History or presence of serious or acute gastrointestinal disease such as gastric or duodenal ulcer, ulcerative colitis and inflammatory bowel or Crohn's disease
- Subjects suffering by obstruction of the biliary tract
- Any major medical condition that in the opinion of the Investigator could create a risk to the subject or could affect adherence with the trial protocol.
- Subjects with inadequate haematological function (defined by leukocyte ≤ 2,0 x 10^9 ; platelets ≤ 100 x 10^9; haemoglobin ≤ 12 g/dl for female and ≤ 13 g/dl for male), liver function (defined by AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase > 2.0 times upper limit of normal), thyroid function (In particular subjects with clinically overt hyperthyroidism or clinically overt hypothyroidism and in any case according to physician's discretion).
- Known hypersensitivity to gadolinium
- Any other condition that would prevent the subject from undergoing an MRI scan (impairment of Kidney function, metal prosthesis etc.)
- Immunosuppressive therapy 12 months before screening visit
- Use of some recognized drugs involved as enzyme substrates, inducers or inhibitors in P450 system
- Use of antiplatelet agents or antihyperlipidemics
- Any contra-indication according to IFN beta 1a 44 mcg Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)
Sites / Locations
- Investigational Site
Arms of the Study
Arm 1
Arm 2
Arm Type
Experimental
Placebo Comparator
Arm Label
IFN beta 1a 44 mcg TIW + curcumin (BCM95)
IFN beta 1a 44 mcg TIW + placebo
Arm Description
Outcomes
Primary Outcome Measures
Number of Subjects With Active (New or Enlarging) T2 Lesions Assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) at Month 12
A single T2 lesion was defined as an area of increased signal on a given 3-millimeters axial image that was not referable to normally hyperintense structures. New T2 lesions were those that appear in areas where on the previous scan no abnormality was detected. All T2 lesions were detected by an MRI scan.
Secondary Outcome Measures
Percentage of Relapse-Free Subjects at Month 12 and Month 24
Relapse was defined as the development of new or the exacerbation of existing neurological symptoms or signs, in the absence of fever, lasting for 24 hours and with a previous period for more than 30 days with a stable or an improving condition.
Annualized Relapse Rate at Month 12 and 24
Relapse was defined as the development of new or the exacerbation of existing neurological symptoms or signs, in the absence of fever, lasting for 24 hours and with a previous period for more than 30 days with a stable or an improving condition. Annualized relapse rate was calculated by dividing the total number of relapse events by the total number of days subjects participated in the study. This number was then multiplied by 365.25 to get an annualized rate.
Total Number of Reported Relapses at Month 3, 6, 12 and 24
Relapse was defined as the development of new or the exacerbation of existing neurological symptoms or signs, in the absence of fever, lasting for 24 hours and with a previous period for more than 30 days with a stable or an improving condition.
Percentage of Subjects Treated With Glucocorticoids Due to Relapses During 24 Months
Relapse was defined as the development of new or the exacerbation of existing neurological symptoms or signs, in the absence of fever, lasting for 24 hours and with a previous period for more than 30 days with a stable or an improving condition. Percentage of subjects treated with glucocorticoids due to relapses during 24 Months were reported here.
Percentage of Subjects Free From Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) Progression at Month 12 and 24
Disability progression was assessed using EDSS. EDSS is based on a standardized neurological exam and focuses on symptoms that commonly occur in multiple sclerosis (MS) . Overall scores ranges from 0.0 (normal) to 10.0 (death due to MS). Disability progression was defined as an increase of EDSS score of at least 1.0 point compared to baseline for subjects with an EDSS =< 4.0. For subjects with an EDSS= 0 at baseline, EDSS progression was defined as an increase of EDSS score of at least 1.5 point. Percentage of subjects free from EDSS progression at Month 12 and 24 were reported
Hazard Ratio for Time to First Sustained Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) Progression
EDSS progression is based on a standardized neurological exam and focuses on symptoms that commonly occur in MS. Overall scores ranges from 0.0 (normal) to 10.0 (death due to MS). A sustained progression on EDSS score was defined as an EDSS progression confirmed into two consecutive assessment. EDSS values obtained during clinical attacks are not excluded for the assessment of EDSS progression. However, EDSS values obtained during MS attacks that are not confirmed after two consecutive assessments will be excluded from statistical analysis of confirmed EDSS progression. Hazard ratio for time to first sustained EDSS progression was planned to be reported as per SAP.
Percentage of Subjects With Active (New/Enlarging) T2 Lesions at Month 24
A single T2 lesion was defined as an area of increased signal on a given 3-millimeters axial image that was not referable to normally hyperintense structures. New T2 lesions were those that appear in areas where on the previous scan no abnormality was detected. All T2 lesions were detected by an MRI scan.
Percentage of Subjects With Combined Unique Active (CUA) Lesions at Month 12 and 24
CUA lesion was defined as new gadolinium (Gd)-enhancing lesions on T1-weighted, or new or enlarging lesions on T2-weighted MRI scans, without double counting.
Mean Number of New Gadolinium (Gd)-Enhancing Lesions at Month 12 and 24
New Gd-enhancing Lesions are a measure of inflammatory activity and were assessed using the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan.
Mean Number of New T1 (Hypointense) Lesions at Month 12 and 24
Mean number of new T1 (Hypointense) Lesions represents a measure of accumulation of inflammatory disease burden assessed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.
Cumulative Number of New T1 (Hypointense) Lesions
Cumulative number of new T1 (Hypointense) lesions were reported.
Median Change From Baseline in Whole Brain Volume at Month 12 and 24
Brain tissue volumes are inter-related and represent a measure of neurodegenerative aspects of the disease.
Median Change From Baseline in Regional Brain Volume at Month 12 and 24
Brain tissue volumes are inter-related and represent a measure of neurodegenerative aspects of the disease.
Flu-like Symptoms (FLS) Assessed by FLS Scale Score
Flu-like symptoms were measured using FLS score in which subjects were scored as per the presence and intensity of muscle aches, chills, and weakness, each separately, on a scale of 0-3 as follows: 0 = absent; 1 = mild, do not interfere with daily activities; 2 = moderate, sufficient to interfere with daily activities; and 3 = severe, bed rest require. Body temperature also was also recorded to determine the presence of fever using the following scale: 0 (≤ 37.2 °C); 1 (≥ 37.3 °C but < 37.8 °C); 2 (≥ 37.8 but < 38.4 °C); and 3 (≥ 38.4 °C).The scores for each symptom (muscle aches, chills, weakness, body temperature) was added together to provide the combined flu-like symptom score ranging from 0 to 12 where 0 indicates absence of any symptom and 12 indicates the worst severity of the symptoms.
Number of Subjects With Treatment Emergent Adverse Event (TEAE), Serious AE (SAE), TEAE Leading to Death and Discontinuation
AE was defined as any untoward medical occurrence which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with the study drug. An AE was defined as any unfavourable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of study drug, whether or not considered related to the study drug. A serious AE was an AE that resulted in any of the following outcomes: death; life threatening; persistent/significant disability/incapacity; initial or prolonged inpatient hospitalization; congenital anomaly/birth defect or was otherwise considered medically important. Treatment-emergent are events between first dose of study drug and up to 24 months. TEAEs include both Serious TEAEs and non-serious TEAEs.
Number of Subjects With Clinical Significant Abnormality in Laboratory Parameters
Laboratory assessment included haematology, chemistry, and urinalysis. Clinical significance was determined by the investigator.
Number of Subjects With One Concomitant Medication From Baseline up to Month 24
Number of subjects with at least one concomitant medication from baseline up to month 24 were reported.
Time on Treatment (Adherence to Treatment)
Time up to which subjects were adhered to the treatment was reported.
Number of Subjects With Premature Termination From Treatment
Number of subjects with premature termination from treatment were reported.
Hazard Ratio for Time to First Documented Relapse
Relapse was defined as the development of new or the exacerbation of existing neurological symptoms or signs, in the absence of fever, lasting for 24 hours and with a previous period for more than 30 days with a stable or an improving condition. Hazard ratio for time to first documented relapse was planned to be reported as per SAP.
Full Information
NCT ID
NCT01514370
First Posted
January 17, 2012
Last Updated
August 20, 2018
Sponsor
Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
Collaborators
Merck Serono S.P.A., Italy
1. Study Identification
Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT01514370
Brief Title
Dietary Supplement of Curcumin in Subjects With Active Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis Treated With Subcutaneous Interferon Beta 1a
Acronym
CONTAIN
Official Title
ProspeCtive Study to Evaluate Efficacy, Safety and tOlerability of Dietary supplemeNT of Curcumin (BCM95) in Subjects With Active Relapsing MultIple Sclerosis Treated With subcutaNeous Interferon Beta 1a 44 mcg Three Times a Week (TIW)
Study Type
Interventional
2. Study Status
Record Verification Date
August 2018
Overall Recruitment Status
Completed
Study Start Date
April 30, 2012 (Actual)
Primary Completion Date
March 31, 2016 (Actual)
Study Completion Date
March 31, 2016 (Actual)
3. Sponsor/Collaborators
Responsible Party, by Official Title
Sponsor
Name of the Sponsor
Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
Collaborators
Merck Serono S.P.A., Italy
4. Oversight
5. Study Description
Brief Summary
This is a prospective, monocentric, double blind, placebo controlled, two arm study.
Curcumin is derived from the rhizomes of the plant Curcuma longa (common name, turmeric) belonging to the Zingiberaceae family found in South Asian countries, especially India which is the largest producer. BCM95 (bioCurcumin) is a combination of a Curcumin extract and oil to enhance the bio-absorbability in humans. BCM95 may enhance and prolong the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the standard therapy maintaining a good safety profile.
Detailed Description
The subjects must experience at least one Gadolinium (GD) enhancing Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) lesion at the baseline visit or one Multiple Sclerosis (MS) relapse in the last 6 months before the screening visit.
Randomization, in a 1:1 ratio, will be done with two arms:
40 subjects with Interferon (IFN) beta 1 a 44 mcg TIW + Curcumin (BCM 95) and 40 subjects with IFN beta-1a 44 mcg TIW + placebo.
The study will last 42 months: 18 months of enrolment and 24 months of treatment period.
The study consists of 6 visits per subject: screening visit (Visit 0), baseline (Visit 1), a visit 3 months after baseline (Visit 2), 6 months after baseline (Visit 3), 12 months after baseline (Visit 4) and 24 months after baseline (Visit 5).
6. Conditions and Keywords
Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Multiple Sclerosis
Keywords
Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing, Interferon beta 1a, Curcumin
7. Study Design
Primary Purpose
Treatment
Study Phase
Phase 2
Interventional Study Model
Parallel Assignment
Masking
ParticipantInvestigator
Allocation
Randomized
Enrollment
80 (Actual)
8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions
Arm Title
IFN beta 1a 44 mcg TIW + curcumin (BCM95)
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Title
IFN beta 1a 44 mcg TIW + placebo
Arm Type
Placebo Comparator
Intervention Type
Drug
Intervention Name(s)
IFN beta 1a 44 mcg TIW
Other Intervention Name(s)
Interferon beta 1a
Intervention Description
Subjects received IFN beta 1a 44 microgram (mcg) subcutaneously TIW for 24 months.
Intervention Type
Drug
Intervention Name(s)
Curcumin
Other Intervention Name(s)
Rebif, BCM95
Intervention Description
Subjects received 500 milligram (mg) curcumin orally twice a day for 24 months.
Intervention Type
Drug
Intervention Name(s)
Placebo
Intervention Description
Subjects received placebo matched to curcumin orally twice a day for 24 months.
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Number of Subjects With Active (New or Enlarging) T2 Lesions Assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) at Month 12
Description
A single T2 lesion was defined as an area of increased signal on a given 3-millimeters axial image that was not referable to normally hyperintense structures. New T2 lesions were those that appear in areas where on the previous scan no abnormality was detected. All T2 lesions were detected by an MRI scan.
Time Frame
Month 12
Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Percentage of Relapse-Free Subjects at Month 12 and Month 24
Description
Relapse was defined as the development of new or the exacerbation of existing neurological symptoms or signs, in the absence of fever, lasting for 24 hours and with a previous period for more than 30 days with a stable or an improving condition.
Time Frame
Month 12 and 24
Title
Annualized Relapse Rate at Month 12 and 24
Description
Relapse was defined as the development of new or the exacerbation of existing neurological symptoms or signs, in the absence of fever, lasting for 24 hours and with a previous period for more than 30 days with a stable or an improving condition. Annualized relapse rate was calculated by dividing the total number of relapse events by the total number of days subjects participated in the study. This number was then multiplied by 365.25 to get an annualized rate.
Time Frame
Month 12 and 24
Title
Total Number of Reported Relapses at Month 3, 6, 12 and 24
Description
Relapse was defined as the development of new or the exacerbation of existing neurological symptoms or signs, in the absence of fever, lasting for 24 hours and with a previous period for more than 30 days with a stable or an improving condition.
Time Frame
Month 3, 6, 12 and 24
Title
Percentage of Subjects Treated With Glucocorticoids Due to Relapses During 24 Months
Description
Relapse was defined as the development of new or the exacerbation of existing neurological symptoms or signs, in the absence of fever, lasting for 24 hours and with a previous period for more than 30 days with a stable or an improving condition. Percentage of subjects treated with glucocorticoids due to relapses during 24 Months were reported here.
Time Frame
Baseline up to Month 24
Title
Percentage of Subjects Free From Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) Progression at Month 12 and 24
Description
Disability progression was assessed using EDSS. EDSS is based on a standardized neurological exam and focuses on symptoms that commonly occur in multiple sclerosis (MS) . Overall scores ranges from 0.0 (normal) to 10.0 (death due to MS). Disability progression was defined as an increase of EDSS score of at least 1.0 point compared to baseline for subjects with an EDSS =< 4.0. For subjects with an EDSS= 0 at baseline, EDSS progression was defined as an increase of EDSS score of at least 1.5 point. Percentage of subjects free from EDSS progression at Month 12 and 24 were reported
Time Frame
Month 12 and 24
Title
Hazard Ratio for Time to First Sustained Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) Progression
Description
EDSS progression is based on a standardized neurological exam and focuses on symptoms that commonly occur in MS. Overall scores ranges from 0.0 (normal) to 10.0 (death due to MS). A sustained progression on EDSS score was defined as an EDSS progression confirmed into two consecutive assessment. EDSS values obtained during clinical attacks are not excluded for the assessment of EDSS progression. However, EDSS values obtained during MS attacks that are not confirmed after two consecutive assessments will be excluded from statistical analysis of confirmed EDSS progression. Hazard ratio for time to first sustained EDSS progression was planned to be reported as per SAP.
Time Frame
Baseline to date at which the first confirmed EDSS progression occurs, assessed up to 24 months
Title
Percentage of Subjects With Active (New/Enlarging) T2 Lesions at Month 24
Description
A single T2 lesion was defined as an area of increased signal on a given 3-millimeters axial image that was not referable to normally hyperintense structures. New T2 lesions were those that appear in areas where on the previous scan no abnormality was detected. All T2 lesions were detected by an MRI scan.
Time Frame
Month 24
Title
Percentage of Subjects With Combined Unique Active (CUA) Lesions at Month 12 and 24
Description
CUA lesion was defined as new gadolinium (Gd)-enhancing lesions on T1-weighted, or new or enlarging lesions on T2-weighted MRI scans, without double counting.
Time Frame
Month 12 and 24
Title
Mean Number of New Gadolinium (Gd)-Enhancing Lesions at Month 12 and 24
Description
New Gd-enhancing Lesions are a measure of inflammatory activity and were assessed using the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan.
Time Frame
Month 12 and 24
Title
Mean Number of New T1 (Hypointense) Lesions at Month 12 and 24
Description
Mean number of new T1 (Hypointense) Lesions represents a measure of accumulation of inflammatory disease burden assessed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.
Time Frame
Month 12 and 24
Title
Cumulative Number of New T1 (Hypointense) Lesions
Description
Cumulative number of new T1 (Hypointense) lesions were reported.
Time Frame
Baseline up to Month 24
Title
Median Change From Baseline in Whole Brain Volume at Month 12 and 24
Description
Brain tissue volumes are inter-related and represent a measure of neurodegenerative aspects of the disease.
Time Frame
Baseline, Month 12 and 24
Title
Median Change From Baseline in Regional Brain Volume at Month 12 and 24
Description
Brain tissue volumes are inter-related and represent a measure of neurodegenerative aspects of the disease.
Time Frame
Baseline, Month 12 and 24
Title
Flu-like Symptoms (FLS) Assessed by FLS Scale Score
Description
Flu-like symptoms were measured using FLS score in which subjects were scored as per the presence and intensity of muscle aches, chills, and weakness, each separately, on a scale of 0-3 as follows: 0 = absent; 1 = mild, do not interfere with daily activities; 2 = moderate, sufficient to interfere with daily activities; and 3 = severe, bed rest require. Body temperature also was also recorded to determine the presence of fever using the following scale: 0 (≤ 37.2 °C); 1 (≥ 37.3 °C but < 37.8 °C); 2 (≥ 37.8 but < 38.4 °C); and 3 (≥ 38.4 °C).The scores for each symptom (muscle aches, chills, weakness, body temperature) was added together to provide the combined flu-like symptom score ranging from 0 to 12 where 0 indicates absence of any symptom and 12 indicates the worst severity of the symptoms.
Time Frame
Screening, Baseline, Month 3, 6, 12 and 24
Title
Number of Subjects With Treatment Emergent Adverse Event (TEAE), Serious AE (SAE), TEAE Leading to Death and Discontinuation
Description
AE was defined as any untoward medical occurrence which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with the study drug. An AE was defined as any unfavourable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of study drug, whether or not considered related to the study drug. A serious AE was an AE that resulted in any of the following outcomes: death; life threatening; persistent/significant disability/incapacity; initial or prolonged inpatient hospitalization; congenital anomaly/birth defect or was otherwise considered medically important. Treatment-emergent are events between first dose of study drug and up to 24 months. TEAEs include both Serious TEAEs and non-serious TEAEs.
Time Frame
Baseline up to Month 24
Title
Number of Subjects With Clinical Significant Abnormality in Laboratory Parameters
Description
Laboratory assessment included haematology, chemistry, and urinalysis. Clinical significance was determined by the investigator.
Time Frame
From screening up to Month 24
Title
Number of Subjects With One Concomitant Medication From Baseline up to Month 24
Description
Number of subjects with at least one concomitant medication from baseline up to month 24 were reported.
Time Frame
Baseline up to Month 24
Title
Time on Treatment (Adherence to Treatment)
Description
Time up to which subjects were adhered to the treatment was reported.
Time Frame
Baseline up to 2.2 years
Title
Number of Subjects With Premature Termination From Treatment
Description
Number of subjects with premature termination from treatment were reported.
Time Frame
Baseline up to Month 24
Title
Hazard Ratio for Time to First Documented Relapse
Description
Relapse was defined as the development of new or the exacerbation of existing neurological symptoms or signs, in the absence of fever, lasting for 24 hours and with a previous period for more than 30 days with a stable or an improving condition. Hazard ratio for time to first documented relapse was planned to be reported as per SAP.
Time Frame
Baseline up to Date at which first Relapse Occurs assessed up to 24 months
10. Eligibility
Sex
All
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
18 Years
Maximum Age & Unit of Time
60 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
Subjects with early diagnosis (no more than 3 years) of Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis according to the revised McDonald Criteria (2010)
Subjects currently in treatment with IFN beta-1a 44 mcg TIW, having received this treatment a minimum of 6 months and for not longer than 12 months before enrollment.
Subjects must experience at least one Gd-enhancing MRI lesion at baseline visit or one MS relapse in the last 6 months before screening visit.
Males and females between 18 - 60 years of age
Subjects with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) between 0-5.5
No use of oral or systemic corticosteroids or corticotropin (ACTH) within 30 days prior to Screening visit. No use of any Disease Modifying Drug (DMD) (other than IFN beta-1a 44 mcg) 12 months prior to Screening visit
Be willing and able to comply with the protocol
Signed informed consent
Exclusion Criteria:
Pregnancy and breast-feeding
History of alcohol or drug abuse
Serious psychiatric disorders
History or presence of serious or acute gastrointestinal disease such as gastric or duodenal ulcer, ulcerative colitis and inflammatory bowel or Crohn's disease
Subjects suffering by obstruction of the biliary tract
Any major medical condition that in the opinion of the Investigator could create a risk to the subject or could affect adherence with the trial protocol.
Subjects with inadequate haematological function (defined by leukocyte ≤ 2,0 x 10^9 ; platelets ≤ 100 x 10^9; haemoglobin ≤ 12 g/dl for female and ≤ 13 g/dl for male), liver function (defined by AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase > 2.0 times upper limit of normal), thyroid function (In particular subjects with clinically overt hyperthyroidism or clinically overt hypothyroidism and in any case according to physician's discretion).
Known hypersensitivity to gadolinium
Any other condition that would prevent the subject from undergoing an MRI scan (impairment of Kidney function, metal prosthesis etc.)
Immunosuppressive therapy 12 months before screening visit
Use of some recognized drugs involved as enzyme substrates, inducers or inhibitors in P450 system
Use of antiplatelet agents or antihyperlipidemics
Any contra-indication according to IFN beta 1a 44 mcg Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)
Overall Study Officials:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Medical Responsible
Organizational Affiliation
Merck Serono S.P.A., Italy
Official's Role
Study Director
Facility Information:
Facility Name
Investigational Site
City
Naples
ZIP/Postal Code
80131
Country
Italy
12. IPD Sharing Statement
Citations:
PubMed Identifier
34583214
Citation
Petracca M, Quarantelli M, Moccia M, Vacca G, Satelliti B, D'Ambrosio G, Carotenuto A, Ragucci M, Assogna F, Capacchione A, Lanzillo R, Morra VB. ProspeCtive study to evaluate efficacy, safety and tOlerability of dietary supplemeNT of Curcumin (BCM95) in subjects with Active relapsing MultIple Sclerosis treated with subcutaNeous Interferon beta 1a 44 mcg TIW (CONTAIN): A randomized, controlled trial. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2021 Nov;56:103274. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.103274. Epub 2021 Sep 21.
Results Reference
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Learn more about this trial
Dietary Supplement of Curcumin in Subjects With Active Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis Treated With Subcutaneous Interferon Beta 1a
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