Back to resultsA Phase II, Open Label, Single Arm, Multicenter Study of Chlorambucil in Japanese Previously Untreated Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Primary Purpose
Leukaemia, Lymphoblastic
Status
Completed
Phase
Phase 2
Locations
Japan
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
chlorambucil, tablets
Sponsored by
About this trial
This is an interventional treatment trial for Leukaemia, Lymphoblastic
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
- Diagnosis of CLL defined by:Circulating B lymphocytes ≥5,000 /μL AND Flow cytometry confirmation of immunophenotype with CD5, CD19, CD20, and CD23 prior to Visit 2.
- Considered inappropriate for fludarabine-based therapy.
- Active disease and indication for treatment based on the IWCLL updated NCI-WG guidelines defined by presenting at least any one of the following conditions: Evidence of progressive marrow failure as manifested by development or worsening of anemia and/or thrombocytopenia.
Massive (i.e. at least 6 cm below the left costal margin) or progressive or symptomatic splenomegaly.
Massive nodes (i.e. at least 10 cm in longest diameter) or progressive or symptomatic lymphadenopathy.
Progressive lymphocytosis with an increase of more than 50% over a two month period or an lymphocyte doubling time of less than 6 months.
A minimum of any one of the following disease-related symptoms must be present: a) Unintentional weight loss ≥10% within the previous six months; b) Fevers >38.0°C for ≥ 2 weeks without evidence of infection; or c) Night sweats for more than 1 month without evidence of infection
- Not been previously treated for CLL (prior autoimmune hemolytic anemia treatment with corticosteroids permitted).
- ECOG Performance Status of 0-2.
- QTc <450 msec or QTc <480 msec for patients with bundle branch block The QTc is the QT interval corrected for heart rate according to either Bazett's formula (QTcB) or to Fridericia's formula (QTcF), machine or manual overread, for males and females. The specific formula that will be used in a protocol should be determined prior to initiation of the study, and the formula used to determine inclusion and discontinuation should be the same throughout the study.
The QTc should be based on single or averaged QTc values of triplicate electrocardiograms (ECGs) obtained over a brief recording period.
- Life expectancy of at least 6 months, in the opinion of the investigator.
- Age ≥ 20 years
- Signed written informed consent prior to performing any study-specific procedures (the results of other procedures predating the informed consent can be used).
Exclusion Criteria:
- Prior immuno- or chemotherapy for CLL or small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) with any agent except corticosteroids used to treat autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
- Previous autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
- Active autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) requiring corticosteroid therapy >100 mg/day equivalent to hydrocortisone, or chemotherapy.
- Known transformation of CLL (e.g. Richter).
- Known CNS involvement of CLL.
- Chronic or current active infectious disease requiring systemic antibiotics, antifungal, or antiviral treatment such as, but not limited to, chronic renal infection, chronic chest infection with bronchiectasis, tuberculosis and active Hepatitis C.
- Other past or current malignancy. Subjects who have been free of malignancy for at least 5 years, or have a history of completely resected non-melanoma skin cancer, or successfully treated in situ carcinoma are eligible.
- Clinically significant cardiac disease including unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction within 6 months prior to screening, congestive heart failure, and arrhythmia requiring therapy, with the exception of extra systoles or minor conduction abnormalities.
- History of significant cerebrovascular disease or event with significant symptoms or sequelae.
- Glucocorticoid use, unless given in doses ≤ 100 mg/day hydrocortisone (or equivalent dose of other glucocorticoid) for <7 days for exacerbations other than CLL (e.g. asthma).
- Known HIV positive.
- Positive serology for Hepatitis B (HB) defined as a positive test for HBsAg. In addition, if negative for HBsAg but HBcAb and/or HBsAb positive, an HBV DNA test will be performed, and if positive the subject will be excluded.
- Screening laboratory values:
Creatinine >2.0 times upper normal limit (unless normal creatinine clearance). Total bilirubin > 2.0 times upper normal limit (unless due to Gilbert's syndrome).
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) > 3.0 times upper normal limit.
- Treatment with any known non-marketed drug substance or experimental therapy within 5 terminal half lives or 4 weeks prior to Visit 1, whichever is longer, treatment with any anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody within 3 months of Visit 1, or participation in any other interventional clinical study.
- Known or suspected inability to comply with study protocol.
- Lactating women, women with a positive pregnancy test within 7 days prior to administration of the investigational product or women (of childbearing potential) as well as men with partners of childbearing potential, who are not willing to use adequate contraception from study start through one year following last treatment dose. Adequate contraception is defined as oral hormonal birth control, intrauterine device, and male partner sterilization (if male partner is sole partner for that subject) and the double barrier method (condom or occlusive cap plus spermicidal agent).
Sites / Locations
- GSK Investigational Site
- GSK Investigational Site
- GSK Investigational Site
- GSK Investigational Site
- GSK Investigational Site
- GSK Investigational Site
Arms of the Study
Arm 1
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Label
chlorambucil
Arm Description
chlorambucil dose: 10mg/m2 PO at days 1-7 every 28 days; duration: minimum of 3 cycles until best response or maximum of 12 treatment cycles
Outcomes
Primary Outcome Measures
Number of Participants With a Best Response of Either Complete Remission (CR), Nodular Partial Remission (nPR), Complete Remission-incomplete (CRi) or Partial Remission (PR), as Assessed by the Investigator, IRC and IRC With CT
According to the criteria based on the 2008 revision of the International Workshop on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (IWCLL) of the National Cancer Institute-Sponsored Working Group Guidelines (NCI-WG), participants with complete remission (CR), nodular partial remission (nPR), complete remission-incomplete (CRi) and partial remission (PR) were classified as responders, while stable disease (SD) and progressive disease (PD) were classified as non-responders. Participants with unknown or missing responses were considered as non-responders. Assessment was completed by the Investigator, Independent Review Committee (IRC), and IRC with Computed Tomography (CT).
Secondary Outcome Measures
Number of Participants With the Best Overall Response (OR), as Assessed by the Investigator, IRC and IRC With CT
OR is defined as the number of participants achieving either a confirmed CR or PR. Assessment was completed by the Investigator, IRC, and IRC with CT. CR (all the criteria at least 2 months after last treatment): no lymphadenopathy (Ly) > 1.5 cm/ hepatomegaly/ splenomegaly/ constitutional symptoms; neutrophils >1500 per microliter (µL), platelets (PL) >100,000/µL, hemoglobin (Hb) >11 grams/deciliter (g/dL), lymphocytes (LC) <4000/µL, bone marrow (BM) sample must be normocellular for age, <30% LC, no lymphoid nodule. CRi: CR criteria, persistent anemia/thrombocytopenia/neutropenia unrelated to CLL but related to drug toxicity. PR: >=50% decrease in LC, Ly, size of liver and spleen and at least one of the following results: PL >100,000/µL or 50% improvement over Baseline (BL), Hb >11 g/dL or 50% improvement over BL. nPR: persistent nodules BM.
Progression Free Survival (PFS), as Assessed by the Investigator and the IRC
Progression-free survival (PFS) is defined as the time from the start of treatment of investigational product until the first documented sign of PD or death due to any cause. PD requires at least one of the following: lymphadenopathy, appearance of any new lesion such as enlargerd lymph nodes (>1.5 cm) spleen or liver or other infiltrates or an increase by 50% or more in the greatest diameter of any previous site; an increase by 50% or more in the previously noted enlargement of the liver or spleen, an increase by 50% or more in the numbers of blood lymphocytes with at least 5000 lymphocytes per microliter, transformation to a more aggressive histology, or occurrence of cytopenia attributable to chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Par. who were alive and had not progressed at the time of analysis or if a progression event or death occurred after extensive lost-to-follow-up time or if new anti-cancer therapy was started were censored at the date of the last visit with adequate assessment.
Overall Survival (OS)
Overall survival is defined as time from the start of treatment until death due to any cause. Participants who had not died were censored at the date of last contact.
Time to Response, as Assessed by the IRC
Time to response is defined as time from the start of treatment until the first response (CR/PR). Time to Response analyses was restricted to the subgroup of the population who experienced an overall response (CR/ nPR/CRi/PR) during the study. CR (all the criteria at least 2 months after last treatment): no lymphadenopathy (Ly) > 1.5 cm/ hepatomegaly/ splenomegaly/ constitutional symptoms; neutrophils >1500 per microliter (µL), platelets (PL) >100,000/µL, hemoglobin (Hb) >11 grams/deciliter (g/dL), lymphocytes (LC) <4000/µL, bone marrow (BM) sample must be normocellular for age, <30% LC, no lymphoid nodule. CRi: CR criteria, persistent anemia/thrombocytopenia/neutropenia unrelated to CLL but related to drug toxicity. PR: >=50% decrease in LC, Ly, size of liver and spleen and at least one of the following results: PL >100,000/µL or 50% improvement over Baseline (BL), Hb >11 g/dL or 50% improvement over BL. nPR: persistent nodules BM.
Duration of Response, as Assessed by the IRC
Duration of response is defined as the time from the initial response (CR or PR) until progression or death. CR (all the criteria at least 2 months after last treatment): no lymphadenopathy (Ly) > 1.5 cm/ hepatomegaly/ splenomegaly/ constitutional symptoms; neutrophils >1500 per microliter (µL), platelets (PL) >100,000/µL, hemoglobin (Hb) >11 grams/deciliter (g/dL), lymphocytes (LC) <4000/µL, bone marrow (BM) sample must be normocellular for age, <30% LC, no lymphoid nodule. CRi: CR criteria, persistent anemia/thrombocytopenia/neutropenia unrelated to CLL but related to drug toxicity. PR: >=50% decrease in LC, Ly, size of liver and spleen and at least one of the following results: PL >100,000/µL or 50% improvement over Baseline (BL), Hb >11 g/dL or 50% improvement over BL. nPR: persistent nodules BM.
Time to Next Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) Therapy
Time to next CLL therapy is defined as the time from start of treatment until the first administration of the next CLL treatment other than chlorambucil administrations scheduled in this study. Time to next CLL therapy was restricted to the subgroup of the population who receive a next CLL therapy after experiencing disease progression.
Number of Participants With Improvement in Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status (PS)
ECOG PS is a scale to assess disease progression, extent to which disease affects the daily living abilities and determines appropriate treatment and prognosis. It is scored on a scale of 0 to 5 as, 0 (fully active), 1 (restricted in physically strenuous activity but ambulatory and able to carry out work of a light or sedentary nature), 2 (ambulatory and capable of all self cares but unable to carry out any work activities, Up and about > 50% of waking hours), 3 (capable of only limited self cares, confined to bed or chair > 50% of waking hours), 4 (completely disabled, cannot carry on any self cares, totally confined to bed or chair), 5 (death). Improvement is defined as decrease from baseline by at least one step on the ECOG performance status scale (yes/no). Baseline was last pre-dose assessment performed on Cycle 1 Day 1(C1 D1). When C1 D1 was missing, the last assessment performed prior to pre-dose C1 D1 was used. It was performed on Day 1 of each cycle and follow-up (FU).
Number of Participants With no B-symptoms and With at Least One B-symptom Over Time
The number of participants with no B-symptoms (no night sweat, no weight loss, no fever and no extreme fatigue) and the number of participants with at least one of the B-symptoms are summarized by assessment time. The presence of the B-symptoms was assessed at Baseline, Day 1 of each treatment cycle and follow-up (FU). Baseline was the last pre-dose assessment performed at C1 D1.
Number of Participants With Any Adverse Events (AE) or Serious Adverse Events (SAE)
An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease (new or exacerbated) temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. A SAE is any untoward medical occurrence that, at any dose results in death, is life-threatening, requires hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect or is associated with protocol specified liver injury and impaired liver function or is any protocol specific AEs.
Number of Participants With Adverse Events by the Indicated Maximum Toxicity Grade
An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease (new or exacerbated) temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. Non-hematologic AEs were graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.03 (NCI CTCAE V4.03): Grade 0, none; Grade 1, mild; Grade 2, moderate; Grade 3, severe or medically significant; Grade 4, life-threatening consequences; Grade 5, death related to AE
Number of Participants With at Least One Grade 3/Grade 4 Adverse Event of Infection or Myelosuppression (Anemia, Neutropenia, and Thrombocytopenia)
Number of participants with a Grade 3 or Grade 4 adverse event of infection or myelosuppression (anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia) are presented. Myelosuppression is defined as the decrease in the ability of the bone marrow to produce blood cells. AEs were graded according to NCI common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE) grade, version 3.0 (1, mild; 2, moderate; 3, severe; 4, life-threatening/disabling; 5, death).
Change From Baseline in the Immunoglobulin(Ig) Antibodies IgA, IgG, and IgM
Immunoglobulins, or antibodies, are large proteins used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign particles such as bacteria and viruses. Their normal blood levels indicate proper immune status. Low levels indicate immuno-suppression. IgA, IgG, and IgM were measured in the blood samples of the participants.Peripheral samples were collected for the analysis of IgA, IgG, and IgM at Baseline and 28 days after Day 1 of the last treatment cycle (FU 1-PDFU 1) for all participants, and 168 days after day of FU 1-PDFU 1 for participants with CR, PR, and SD. Baseline was the last pre-dose assessment performed on Cycle 1-Day 1. The the last assessment performed prior to pre-dose Cycle 1-Day 1 was used if Cycle 1-Day 1 was missing. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value.
Number of Participants With Positive Minimal Residual Disease (MRD)
MRD refers to the small number of leukemic cells that remain in the participant during treatment or after treatment at the time the participant achieved a confirmed CR and in whom bone marrow test was performed. A bone marrow sample was examined by flow cytometry (Cluster of differentiation [CD]5, CD19, CD20, and CD23). MRD positive is defined as more than one CLL cell per 10000 leukocytes.
Expression of Beta 2 Microglobulin
Blood samples were collected at the Baseline (Day 1 of Cycle 1) visit for prognostic biomarker Beta 2 microglobulin measurements.
Expression of Complement CH50
Peripheral samples were collected for the analysis of complement CH50 at Baseline (Day 1 of Cycle 1) and after completion of Cycle 4 (Day 85).
Maximum Serum Concentration (Cmax), and Minimum Serum Concentration (Cmin) for Chlorambucil
Blood samples for pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of chlorambucil were collected on Day 1 and Day 4 in Cycle 1, and on Day 1 in Cycle 3. In each sampling, blood samples (2 milliliter [mL]/sample) were collected at pre-dose, and 15 minute (min), 30 min, 1 hour (hr), 1.5 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr, 4 hr, 6 hr, 8 hr, and 10 hr post dosing. Maximum serum concentration (Cmax), minimum serum concentration (Cmin) were determined. Between participants coefficient of variation (%CVb) was calculated according to the following methods: Transformed Data : 100 * (square root of the exponential [standard deviation of loge-transformed ]2-1).
Area Under the Serum Concentration-time (AUC) for Chlorambucil
Blood samples for PK analysis of chlorambucil were collected on Day 1 and Day 4 in Cycle 1, and on Day 57 in Cycle 3. In each sampling, blood samples (2 mL/sample) were collected at pre-dose, and 15 min, 30 min, 1 hr, 1.5 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr, 4 hr, 6 hr, 8 hr, and 10 hr post dosing. AUC from time zero up to a definite time t (AUC[0-t]), AUC from time zero up to infinity (AUC[0-inf]), AUC from time zero up to 6 hours post dose (AUC[0-6]), AUC from time zero up to 24 hours post dose (AUC[0-24]) were determined. Between participants coefficient of variation (%CVb) was calculated according to the following methods: Transformed Data : 100 * (square root of the exponential [standard deviation of loge-transformed ]2-1).
Elimination Half-life (t1/2) for Chlorambucil
Blood samples for pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of chlorambucil were collected on Day 1 and Day 4 in Cycle 1, and on Day 57 in Cycle 3. In each sampling, blood samples (2 mL/sample) were collected at pre-dose, and 15 min, 30 min, 1 hr, 1.5 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr, 4 hr, 6 hr, 8 hr, and 10 hr post dosing. Elimination half-life (t1/2) was determined. Between participants coefficient of variation (%CVb) was calculated according to the following methods: Transformed Data : 100 * (square root of the exponential [standard deviation of loge-transformed ]2-1).
Time of Maximum Serum Concentration (Tmax) for Chlorambucil
Blood samples for pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of chlorambucil were collected on Day 1 and Day 4 in Cycle 1, and on Day 57 in Cycle 3. In each sampling, blood samples (2 mL/sample) were collected at pre-dose, and 15 min, 30 min, 1 hr, 1.5 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr, 4 hr, 6 hr, 8 hr, and 10 hr post dosing. Time of maximum serum concentration (tmax) was determined. Between participants coefficient of variation (%CVb) was calculated according to the following methods: Transformed Data : 100 * (square root of the exponential [standard deviation of loge-transformed ]2-1).
Maximum Serum Concentration (Cmax), and Minimum Serum Concentration (Cmin) for Phenyl Acetic Acid Mustard
Blood samples for pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of chlorambucil and its metabolite phenyl acetic acid mustard were collected on Day 1 and Day 4 in Cycle 1, and on Day 1 in Cycle 3. In each sampling, blood samples (2 milliliter [mL]/sample) were collected at pre-dose, and 15 minute (min), 30 min, 1 hour (hr), 1.5 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr, 4 hr, 6 hr, 8 hr, and 10 hr post dosing. Maximum serum concentration (Cmax), minimum serum concentration (Cmin) were determined. Between participants coefficient of variation (%CVb) was calculated according to the following methods: Transformed Data : 100 * (square root of the exponential [standard deviation of loge-transformed ]2-1).
Area Under the Serum Concentration-time (AUC) for Phenyl Acetic Acid Mustard
Blood samples for PK analysis of chlorambucil and its metabolite phenyl acetic acid mustard were collected on Day 1 and Day 4 in Cycle 1, and on Day 57 in Cycle 3. In each sampling, blood samples (2 mL/sample) were collected at pre-dose, and 15 min, 30 min, 1 hr, 1.5 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr, 4 hr, 6 hr, 8 hr, and 10 hr post dosing. AUC from time zero up to a definite time t (AUC[0-t]), AUC from time zero up to infinity (AUC[0-inf]), AUC from time zero up to 6 hours post dose (AUC[0-6]), AUC from time zero up to 24 hours post dose (AUC[0-24]) were determined. Between participants coefficient of variation (%CVb) was calculated according to the following methods: Transformed Data : 100 * (square root of the exponential [standard deviation of loge-transformed ]2-1).
Elimination Half-life (t1/2) for Phenyl Acetic Acid Mustard
Blood samples for pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of chlorambucil and its metabolite phenyl acetic acid mustard were collected on Day 1 and Day 4 in Cycle 1, and on Day 57 in Cycle 3. In each sampling, blood samples (2 mL/sample) were collected at pre-dose, and 15 min, 30 min, 1 hr, 1.5 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr, 4 hr, 6 hr, 8 hr, and 10 hr post dosing. Elimination half-life (t1/2) was determined. Between participants coefficient of variation (%CVb) was calculated according to the following methods: Transformed Data : 100 * (square root of the exponential [standard deviation of loge-transformed ]2-1).
Time of Maximum Serum Concentration (Tmax) for Phenyl Acetic Acid Mustard
Blood samples for pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of chlorambucil and its metabolite phenyl acetic acid mustard were collected on Day 1 and Day 4 in Cycle 1, and on Day 57 in Cycle 3. In each sampling, blood samples (2 mL/sample) were collected at pre-dose, and 15 min, 30 min, 1 hr, 1.5 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr, 4 hr, 6 hr, 8 hr, and 10 hr post dosing. Time of maximum serum concentration (tmax) was determined. Between participants coefficient of variation (%CVb) was calculated according to the following methods: Transformed Data : 100 * (square root of the exponential [standard deviation of loge-transformed ]2-1).
Full Information
1. Study Identification
Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT01808326
Brief Title
A Phase II, Open Label, Single Arm, Multicenter Study of Chlorambucil in Japanese Previously Untreated Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Official Title
A Phase II, Open Label, Single Arm, Multicenter Study of Chlorambucil in Japanese Previously Untreated Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Study Type
Interventional
2. Study Status
Record Verification Date
April 2015
Overall Recruitment Status
Completed
Study Start Date
April 2013 (undefined)
Primary Completion Date
November 2014 (Actual)
Study Completion Date
November 2014 (Actual)
3. Sponsor/Collaborators
Responsible Party, by Official Title
Sponsor
Name of the Sponsor
GlaxoSmithKline
4. Oversight
Data Monitoring Committee
No
5. Study Description
Brief Summary
This study is an open-label, single arm, phase II study of chlorambucil in subjects with previously untreated CLL.
The primary objective is to evaluate the response to chlorambucil in Japanese subjects with previously untreated CLL.
Secondary objectives are to evaluate efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of chlorambucil in Japanese subjects.
Detailed Description
This study is an open-label, single arm, phase II study of chlorambucil in subjects with previously untreated CLL.
The primary objective is to evaluate the response to chlorambucil in Japanese subjects with previously untreated CLL.
Secondary objectives are to evaluate efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of chlorambucil in Japanese subjects.
Chlorambucil is an effective and well-tolerated chemotherapeutic agent currently approved for treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in the United States of America (US), European Union (EU) and other countries globally but not in Japan. Other more aggressive treatment options such as a combination of fludarabine (F) and cyclophosphamide are available, but are associated with significantly greater toxicities. The addition of ofatumumab to chlorambucil offers potentially a more effective therapy, with limited additional toxicity.
Study OMB110911 has been conducted mainly in the US and EU to evaluate progression-free survival (PFS) and overall response (OR) in subjects with previously untreated CLL with ofatumumab in combination with chlorambucil versus (vs.) chlorambucil monotherapy.
The objective of this study is to evaluate overall response of chlorambucil in Japanese subjects with previously untreated CLL.
6. Conditions and Keywords
Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Leukaemia, Lymphoblastic
7. Study Design
Primary Purpose
Treatment
Study Phase
Phase 2
Interventional Study Model
Single Group Assignment
Masking
None (Open Label)
Allocation
N/A
Enrollment
5 (Actual)
8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions
Arm Title
chlorambucil
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
chlorambucil dose: 10mg/m2 PO at days 1-7 every 28 days; duration: minimum of 3 cycles until best response or maximum of 12 treatment cycles
Intervention Type
Drug
Intervention Name(s)
chlorambucil, tablets
Intervention Description
2mg tablets, chlorambucil dose: 10mg/m2 PO at days 1-7 every 28 days; duration: minimum of 3 cycles until best response or maximum of 12 cycles
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Number of Participants With a Best Response of Either Complete Remission (CR), Nodular Partial Remission (nPR), Complete Remission-incomplete (CRi) or Partial Remission (PR), as Assessed by the Investigator, IRC and IRC With CT
Description
According to the criteria based on the 2008 revision of the International Workshop on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (IWCLL) of the National Cancer Institute-Sponsored Working Group Guidelines (NCI-WG), participants with complete remission (CR), nodular partial remission (nPR), complete remission-incomplete (CRi) and partial remission (PR) were classified as responders, while stable disease (SD) and progressive disease (PD) were classified as non-responders. Participants with unknown or missing responses were considered as non-responders. Assessment was completed by the Investigator, Independent Review Committee (IRC), and IRC with Computed Tomography (CT).
Time Frame
From the start of treatment until disease progression or death (up to Week 61.1)
Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Number of Participants With the Best Overall Response (OR), as Assessed by the Investigator, IRC and IRC With CT
Description
OR is defined as the number of participants achieving either a confirmed CR or PR. Assessment was completed by the Investigator, IRC, and IRC with CT. CR (all the criteria at least 2 months after last treatment): no lymphadenopathy (Ly) > 1.5 cm/ hepatomegaly/ splenomegaly/ constitutional symptoms; neutrophils >1500 per microliter (µL), platelets (PL) >100,000/µL, hemoglobin (Hb) >11 grams/deciliter (g/dL), lymphocytes (LC) <4000/µL, bone marrow (BM) sample must be normocellular for age, <30% LC, no lymphoid nodule. CRi: CR criteria, persistent anemia/thrombocytopenia/neutropenia unrelated to CLL but related to drug toxicity. PR: >=50% decrease in LC, Ly, size of liver and spleen and at least one of the following results: PL >100,000/µL or 50% improvement over Baseline (BL), Hb >11 g/dL or 50% improvement over BL. nPR: persistent nodules BM.
Time Frame
From the start of treatment until disease progression or death (up to Week 61.1)
Title
Progression Free Survival (PFS), as Assessed by the Investigator and the IRC
Description
Progression-free survival (PFS) is defined as the time from the start of treatment of investigational product until the first documented sign of PD or death due to any cause. PD requires at least one of the following: lymphadenopathy, appearance of any new lesion such as enlargerd lymph nodes (>1.5 cm) spleen or liver or other infiltrates or an increase by 50% or more in the greatest diameter of any previous site; an increase by 50% or more in the previously noted enlargement of the liver or spleen, an increase by 50% or more in the numbers of blood lymphocytes with at least 5000 lymphocytes per microliter, transformation to a more aggressive histology, or occurrence of cytopenia attributable to chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Par. who were alive and had not progressed at the time of analysis or if a progression event or death occurred after extensive lost-to-follow-up time or if new anti-cancer therapy was started were censored at the date of the last visit with adequate assessment.
Time Frame
From the start of treatment until disease progression or death (up to Week 61.1)
Title
Overall Survival (OS)
Description
Overall survival is defined as time from the start of treatment until death due to any cause. Participants who had not died were censored at the date of last contact.
Time Frame
From the start of treatment until death (up to Week 61.1)
Title
Time to Response, as Assessed by the IRC
Description
Time to response is defined as time from the start of treatment until the first response (CR/PR). Time to Response analyses was restricted to the subgroup of the population who experienced an overall response (CR/ nPR/CRi/PR) during the study. CR (all the criteria at least 2 months after last treatment): no lymphadenopathy (Ly) > 1.5 cm/ hepatomegaly/ splenomegaly/ constitutional symptoms; neutrophils >1500 per microliter (µL), platelets (PL) >100,000/µL, hemoglobin (Hb) >11 grams/deciliter (g/dL), lymphocytes (LC) <4000/µL, bone marrow (BM) sample must be normocellular for age, <30% LC, no lymphoid nodule. CRi: CR criteria, persistent anemia/thrombocytopenia/neutropenia unrelated to CLL but related to drug toxicity. PR: >=50% decrease in LC, Ly, size of liver and spleen and at least one of the following results: PL >100,000/µL or 50% improvement over Baseline (BL), Hb >11 g/dL or 50% improvement over BL. nPR: persistent nodules BM.
Time Frame
From the start of treatment until the first response (CR/PR) (up to Week 61.1)
Title
Duration of Response, as Assessed by the IRC
Description
Duration of response is defined as the time from the initial response (CR or PR) until progression or death. CR (all the criteria at least 2 months after last treatment): no lymphadenopathy (Ly) > 1.5 cm/ hepatomegaly/ splenomegaly/ constitutional symptoms; neutrophils >1500 per microliter (µL), platelets (PL) >100,000/µL, hemoglobin (Hb) >11 grams/deciliter (g/dL), lymphocytes (LC) <4000/µL, bone marrow (BM) sample must be normocellular for age, <30% LC, no lymphoid nodule. CRi: CR criteria, persistent anemia/thrombocytopenia/neutropenia unrelated to CLL but related to drug toxicity. PR: >=50% decrease in LC, Ly, size of liver and spleen and at least one of the following results: PL >100,000/µL or 50% improvement over Baseline (BL), Hb >11 g/dL or 50% improvement over BL. nPR: persistent nodules BM.
Time Frame
From the initial response (CR/PR) until disease progression or death (up to Week 61.1)
Title
Time to Next Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) Therapy
Description
Time to next CLL therapy is defined as the time from start of treatment until the first administration of the next CLL treatment other than chlorambucil administrations scheduled in this study. Time to next CLL therapy was restricted to the subgroup of the population who receive a next CLL therapy after experiencing disease progression.
Time Frame
From the start of treatment until the first administration of the next CLL treatment (up to Week 61.1)
Title
Number of Participants With Improvement in Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status (PS)
Description
ECOG PS is a scale to assess disease progression, extent to which disease affects the daily living abilities and determines appropriate treatment and prognosis. It is scored on a scale of 0 to 5 as, 0 (fully active), 1 (restricted in physically strenuous activity but ambulatory and able to carry out work of a light or sedentary nature), 2 (ambulatory and capable of all self cares but unable to carry out any work activities, Up and about > 50% of waking hours), 3 (capable of only limited self cares, confined to bed or chair > 50% of waking hours), 4 (completely disabled, cannot carry on any self cares, totally confined to bed or chair), 5 (death). Improvement is defined as decrease from baseline by at least one step on the ECOG performance status scale (yes/no). Baseline was last pre-dose assessment performed on Cycle 1 Day 1(C1 D1). When C1 D1 was missing, the last assessment performed prior to pre-dose C1 D1 was used. It was performed on Day 1 of each cycle and follow-up (FU).
Time Frame
Baseline, Cycle (C) 2-Day (D) 29, C3-D57, C4-D85, C5-D113, C6-D141, C7-D169, C8-D197, C9-D225, FU 1- PDFU 1, FU 85-PDFU 85, and FU 169-PDFU 169
Title
Number of Participants With no B-symptoms and With at Least One B-symptom Over Time
Description
The number of participants with no B-symptoms (no night sweat, no weight loss, no fever and no extreme fatigue) and the number of participants with at least one of the B-symptoms are summarized by assessment time. The presence of the B-symptoms was assessed at Baseline, Day 1 of each treatment cycle and follow-up (FU). Baseline was the last pre-dose assessment performed at C1 D1.
Time Frame
Baseline, C2-D29, C3-D57, C4-D85, C5-D113, C6-D141, C7-D169, C8-D197, C9-D225, FU 1-PDFU 1, FU 85-PDFU 85, and FU 169-PDFU 169
Title
Number of Participants With Any Adverse Events (AE) or Serious Adverse Events (SAE)
Description
An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease (new or exacerbated) temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. A SAE is any untoward medical occurrence that, at any dose results in death, is life-threatening, requires hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect or is associated with protocol specified liver injury and impaired liver function or is any protocol specific AEs.
Time Frame
From the start of treatment up to Week 61.1
Title
Number of Participants With Adverse Events by the Indicated Maximum Toxicity Grade
Description
An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease (new or exacerbated) temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. Non-hematologic AEs were graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.03 (NCI CTCAE V4.03): Grade 0, none; Grade 1, mild; Grade 2, moderate; Grade 3, severe or medically significant; Grade 4, life-threatening consequences; Grade 5, death related to AE
Time Frame
From the start of treatment up to Week 61.1
Title
Number of Participants With at Least One Grade 3/Grade 4 Adverse Event of Infection or Myelosuppression (Anemia, Neutropenia, and Thrombocytopenia)
Description
Number of participants with a Grade 3 or Grade 4 adverse event of infection or myelosuppression (anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia) are presented. Myelosuppression is defined as the decrease in the ability of the bone marrow to produce blood cells. AEs were graded according to NCI common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE) grade, version 3.0 (1, mild; 2, moderate; 3, severe; 4, life-threatening/disabling; 5, death).
Time Frame
From the start of treatment up to Week 61.1
Title
Change From Baseline in the Immunoglobulin(Ig) Antibodies IgA, IgG, and IgM
Description
Immunoglobulins, or antibodies, are large proteins used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign particles such as bacteria and viruses. Their normal blood levels indicate proper immune status. Low levels indicate immuno-suppression. IgA, IgG, and IgM were measured in the blood samples of the participants.Peripheral samples were collected for the analysis of IgA, IgG, and IgM at Baseline and 28 days after Day 1 of the last treatment cycle (FU 1-PDFU 1) for all participants, and 168 days after day of FU 1-PDFU 1 for participants with CR, PR, and SD. Baseline was the last pre-dose assessment performed on Cycle 1-Day 1. The the last assessment performed prior to pre-dose Cycle 1-Day 1 was used if Cycle 1-Day 1 was missing. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value.
Time Frame
Baseline, FU 1-PDFU 1, FU 85-PDFU 85, and FU 169-PDFU 169
Title
Number of Participants With Positive Minimal Residual Disease (MRD)
Description
MRD refers to the small number of leukemic cells that remain in the participant during treatment or after treatment at the time the participant achieved a confirmed CR and in whom bone marrow test was performed. A bone marrow sample was examined by flow cytometry (Cluster of differentiation [CD]5, CD19, CD20, and CD23). MRD positive is defined as more than one CLL cell per 10000 leukocytes.
Time Frame
From the start of treatment up to Week 61.1
Title
Expression of Beta 2 Microglobulin
Description
Blood samples were collected at the Baseline (Day 1 of Cycle 1) visit for prognostic biomarker Beta 2 microglobulin measurements.
Time Frame
Baseline (Cycle 1 Day 1)
Title
Expression of Complement CH50
Description
Peripheral samples were collected for the analysis of complement CH50 at Baseline (Day 1 of Cycle 1) and after completion of Cycle 4 (Day 85).
Time Frame
Baseline, Cycle 1-Day 1, and Cycle 4-Day 85
Title
Maximum Serum Concentration (Cmax), and Minimum Serum Concentration (Cmin) for Chlorambucil
Description
Blood samples for pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of chlorambucil were collected on Day 1 and Day 4 in Cycle 1, and on Day 1 in Cycle 3. In each sampling, blood samples (2 milliliter [mL]/sample) were collected at pre-dose, and 15 minute (min), 30 min, 1 hour (hr), 1.5 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr, 4 hr, 6 hr, 8 hr, and 10 hr post dosing. Maximum serum concentration (Cmax), minimum serum concentration (Cmin) were determined. Between participants coefficient of variation (%CVb) was calculated according to the following methods: Transformed Data : 100 * (square root of the exponential [standard deviation of loge-transformed ]2-1).
Time Frame
Cycle 1-Day 1, Cycle 1-Day 4, and Cycle 3-Day 1
Title
Area Under the Serum Concentration-time (AUC) for Chlorambucil
Description
Blood samples for PK analysis of chlorambucil were collected on Day 1 and Day 4 in Cycle 1, and on Day 57 in Cycle 3. In each sampling, blood samples (2 mL/sample) were collected at pre-dose, and 15 min, 30 min, 1 hr, 1.5 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr, 4 hr, 6 hr, 8 hr, and 10 hr post dosing. AUC from time zero up to a definite time t (AUC[0-t]), AUC from time zero up to infinity (AUC[0-inf]), AUC from time zero up to 6 hours post dose (AUC[0-6]), AUC from time zero up to 24 hours post dose (AUC[0-24]) were determined. Between participants coefficient of variation (%CVb) was calculated according to the following methods: Transformed Data : 100 * (square root of the exponential [standard deviation of loge-transformed ]2-1).
Time Frame
Cycle 1-Day 1, Cycle 1-Day 4, and Cycle 3-Day 57
Title
Elimination Half-life (t1/2) for Chlorambucil
Description
Blood samples for pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of chlorambucil were collected on Day 1 and Day 4 in Cycle 1, and on Day 57 in Cycle 3. In each sampling, blood samples (2 mL/sample) were collected at pre-dose, and 15 min, 30 min, 1 hr, 1.5 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr, 4 hr, 6 hr, 8 hr, and 10 hr post dosing. Elimination half-life (t1/2) was determined. Between participants coefficient of variation (%CVb) was calculated according to the following methods: Transformed Data : 100 * (square root of the exponential [standard deviation of loge-transformed ]2-1).
Time Frame
Cycle 1-Day 1, Cycle 1-Day 4, and Cycle 3-Day 57
Title
Time of Maximum Serum Concentration (Tmax) for Chlorambucil
Description
Blood samples for pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of chlorambucil were collected on Day 1 and Day 4 in Cycle 1, and on Day 57 in Cycle 3. In each sampling, blood samples (2 mL/sample) were collected at pre-dose, and 15 min, 30 min, 1 hr, 1.5 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr, 4 hr, 6 hr, 8 hr, and 10 hr post dosing. Time of maximum serum concentration (tmax) was determined. Between participants coefficient of variation (%CVb) was calculated according to the following methods: Transformed Data : 100 * (square root of the exponential [standard deviation of loge-transformed ]2-1).
Time Frame
Cycle 1-Day 1, Cycle 1-Day 4, and Cycle 3-Day 57
Title
Maximum Serum Concentration (Cmax), and Minimum Serum Concentration (Cmin) for Phenyl Acetic Acid Mustard
Description
Blood samples for pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of chlorambucil and its metabolite phenyl acetic acid mustard were collected on Day 1 and Day 4 in Cycle 1, and on Day 1 in Cycle 3. In each sampling, blood samples (2 milliliter [mL]/sample) were collected at pre-dose, and 15 minute (min), 30 min, 1 hour (hr), 1.5 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr, 4 hr, 6 hr, 8 hr, and 10 hr post dosing. Maximum serum concentration (Cmax), minimum serum concentration (Cmin) were determined. Between participants coefficient of variation (%CVb) was calculated according to the following methods: Transformed Data : 100 * (square root of the exponential [standard deviation of loge-transformed ]2-1).
Time Frame
Cycle 1-Day 1, Cycle 1-Day 4, and Cycle 3-Day 1
Title
Area Under the Serum Concentration-time (AUC) for Phenyl Acetic Acid Mustard
Description
Blood samples for PK analysis of chlorambucil and its metabolite phenyl acetic acid mustard were collected on Day 1 and Day 4 in Cycle 1, and on Day 57 in Cycle 3. In each sampling, blood samples (2 mL/sample) were collected at pre-dose, and 15 min, 30 min, 1 hr, 1.5 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr, 4 hr, 6 hr, 8 hr, and 10 hr post dosing. AUC from time zero up to a definite time t (AUC[0-t]), AUC from time zero up to infinity (AUC[0-inf]), AUC from time zero up to 6 hours post dose (AUC[0-6]), AUC from time zero up to 24 hours post dose (AUC[0-24]) were determined. Between participants coefficient of variation (%CVb) was calculated according to the following methods: Transformed Data : 100 * (square root of the exponential [standard deviation of loge-transformed ]2-1).
Time Frame
Cycle 1-Day 1, Cycle 1-Day 4, and Cycle 3-Day 57
Title
Elimination Half-life (t1/2) for Phenyl Acetic Acid Mustard
Description
Blood samples for pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of chlorambucil and its metabolite phenyl acetic acid mustard were collected on Day 1 and Day 4 in Cycle 1, and on Day 57 in Cycle 3. In each sampling, blood samples (2 mL/sample) were collected at pre-dose, and 15 min, 30 min, 1 hr, 1.5 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr, 4 hr, 6 hr, 8 hr, and 10 hr post dosing. Elimination half-life (t1/2) was determined. Between participants coefficient of variation (%CVb) was calculated according to the following methods: Transformed Data : 100 * (square root of the exponential [standard deviation of loge-transformed ]2-1).
Time Frame
Cycle 1-Day 1, Cycle 1-Day 4, and Cycle 3-Day 57
Title
Time of Maximum Serum Concentration (Tmax) for Phenyl Acetic Acid Mustard
Description
Blood samples for pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of chlorambucil and its metabolite phenyl acetic acid mustard were collected on Day 1 and Day 4 in Cycle 1, and on Day 57 in Cycle 3. In each sampling, blood samples (2 mL/sample) were collected at pre-dose, and 15 min, 30 min, 1 hr, 1.5 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr, 4 hr, 6 hr, 8 hr, and 10 hr post dosing. Time of maximum serum concentration (tmax) was determined. Between participants coefficient of variation (%CVb) was calculated according to the following methods: Transformed Data : 100 * (square root of the exponential [standard deviation of loge-transformed ]2-1).
Time Frame
Cycle 1-Day 1, Cycle 1-Day 4, and Cycle 3-Day 57
10. Eligibility
Sex
All
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
20 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
Diagnosis of CLL defined by:Circulating B lymphocytes ≥5,000 /μL AND Flow cytometry confirmation of immunophenotype with CD5, CD19, CD20, and CD23 prior to Visit 2.
Considered inappropriate for fludarabine-based therapy.
Active disease and indication for treatment based on the IWCLL updated NCI-WG guidelines defined by presenting at least any one of the following conditions: Evidence of progressive marrow failure as manifested by development or worsening of anemia and/or thrombocytopenia.
Massive (i.e. at least 6 cm below the left costal margin) or progressive or symptomatic splenomegaly.
Massive nodes (i.e. at least 10 cm in longest diameter) or progressive or symptomatic lymphadenopathy.
Progressive lymphocytosis with an increase of more than 50% over a two month period or an lymphocyte doubling time of less than 6 months.
A minimum of any one of the following disease-related symptoms must be present: a) Unintentional weight loss ≥10% within the previous six months; b) Fevers >38.0°C for ≥ 2 weeks without evidence of infection; or c) Night sweats for more than 1 month without evidence of infection
Not been previously treated for CLL (prior autoimmune hemolytic anemia treatment with corticosteroids permitted).
ECOG Performance Status of 0-2.
QTc <450 msec or QTc <480 msec for patients with bundle branch block The QTc is the QT interval corrected for heart rate according to either Bazett's formula (QTcB) or to Fridericia's formula (QTcF), machine or manual overread, for males and females. The specific formula that will be used in a protocol should be determined prior to initiation of the study, and the formula used to determine inclusion and discontinuation should be the same throughout the study.
The QTc should be based on single or averaged QTc values of triplicate electrocardiograms (ECGs) obtained over a brief recording period.
Life expectancy of at least 6 months, in the opinion of the investigator.
Age ≥ 20 years
Signed written informed consent prior to performing any study-specific procedures (the results of other procedures predating the informed consent can be used).
Exclusion Criteria:
Prior immuno- or chemotherapy for CLL or small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) with any agent except corticosteroids used to treat autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
Previous autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
Active autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) requiring corticosteroid therapy >100 mg/day equivalent to hydrocortisone, or chemotherapy.
Known transformation of CLL (e.g. Richter).
Known CNS involvement of CLL.
Chronic or current active infectious disease requiring systemic antibiotics, antifungal, or antiviral treatment such as, but not limited to, chronic renal infection, chronic chest infection with bronchiectasis, tuberculosis and active Hepatitis C.
Other past or current malignancy. Subjects who have been free of malignancy for at least 5 years, or have a history of completely resected non-melanoma skin cancer, or successfully treated in situ carcinoma are eligible.
Clinically significant cardiac disease including unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction within 6 months prior to screening, congestive heart failure, and arrhythmia requiring therapy, with the exception of extra systoles or minor conduction abnormalities.
History of significant cerebrovascular disease or event with significant symptoms or sequelae.
Glucocorticoid use, unless given in doses ≤ 100 mg/day hydrocortisone (or equivalent dose of other glucocorticoid) for <7 days for exacerbations other than CLL (e.g. asthma).
Known HIV positive.
Positive serology for Hepatitis B (HB) defined as a positive test for HBsAg. In addition, if negative for HBsAg but HBcAb and/or HBsAb positive, an HBV DNA test will be performed, and if positive the subject will be excluded.
Screening laboratory values:
Creatinine >2.0 times upper normal limit (unless normal creatinine clearance). Total bilirubin > 2.0 times upper normal limit (unless due to Gilbert's syndrome).
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) > 3.0 times upper normal limit.
Treatment with any known non-marketed drug substance or experimental therapy within 5 terminal half lives or 4 weeks prior to Visit 1, whichever is longer, treatment with any anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody within 3 months of Visit 1, or participation in any other interventional clinical study.
Known or suspected inability to comply with study protocol.
Lactating women, women with a positive pregnancy test within 7 days prior to administration of the investigational product or women (of childbearing potential) as well as men with partners of childbearing potential, who are not willing to use adequate contraception from study start through one year following last treatment dose. Adequate contraception is defined as oral hormonal birth control, intrauterine device, and male partner sterilization (if male partner is sole partner for that subject) and the double barrier method (condom or occlusive cap plus spermicidal agent).
Overall Study Officials:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
GSK Clinical Trials
Organizational Affiliation
GlaxoSmithKline
Official's Role
Study Director
Facility Information:
Facility Name
GSK Investigational Site
City
Aichi
ZIP/Postal Code
466-8650
Country
Japan
Facility Name
GSK Investigational Site
City
Fukuoka
ZIP/Postal Code
811-1395
Country
Japan
Facility Name
GSK Investigational Site
City
Gunma
ZIP/Postal Code
373-8550
Country
Japan
Facility Name
GSK Investigational Site
City
Miyagi
ZIP/Postal Code
980-8574
Country
Japan
Facility Name
GSK Investigational Site
City
Tokyo
ZIP/Postal Code
104-0045
Country
Japan
Facility Name
GSK Investigational Site
City
Tokyo
ZIP/Postal Code
135-8550
Country
Japan
12. IPD Sharing Statement
Learn more about this trial
A Phase II, Open Label, Single Arm, Multicenter Study of Chlorambucil in Japanese Previously Untreated Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
We'll reach out to this number within 24 hrs