Bending Adolescent Depression Trajectories Through Personalized Prevention

National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), University of Denver, Rutgers University, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Investigators will combine risk factor research and evidence-based prevention programs, to advance knowledge on personalized approaches to prevention that may be able to better "bend trajectories" of depression that surge throughout adolescence.

Investigators will innovatively combine risk factor research and evidence-based prevention programs, to advance knowledge on personalized approaches to prevention that may be able to better "bend trajectories" of depression that surge throughout adolescence. A randomized controlled trial will examine the benefits of matching youth to two depression prevention programs of Interpersonal Psychotherapy-Adolescent Skills Training (IPT-AST) and Coping with Stress (CWS) for the prevention of depression in adolescents. These two programs are designed to address distinct risk factors for depression - CWS addresses cognitive risks and IPT-AST addresses interpersonal risks. A total of 210 participants across two sites, University of Denver and Rutgers University, will be stratified on cognitive and interpersonal risk and randomized to the two conditions. The goals of the study are to (1) demonstrate that prevention programs can modify depression trajectories among youth by examining within person changes in trajectories over time (three years before and three years after the prevention programs) and by comparing trajectories of prevention youth with changes in same aged cohorts; (2) evaluate a personalized prevention approach to bending depression trajectories by matching and mismatching youth to either CWS or IPT-AST based on individual risk profiles; (3) examine mechanisms of bending depression trajectories and test whether the prevention programs operate via their hypothesized processes; and (4) explore how genetic susceptibility, emotion regulation, and temperament may affect individual response to IPT-AST and CWS. By implementing evidence-based prevention programs after 3-years of prospective naturalistic data collection, this study will contribute essential data on personalized medicine and altering developmental trajectories of first-onset depression.

A group prevention program that includes a 60-minute pre-group session, 8 weekly 90-minute group sessions, a 60-minute mid-group session, and 3 60-minute booster sessions. IPT-AST focuses on psychoeducation and interpersonal skill-building to decrease interpersonal conflict and increase interpersonal support and competence.

A group prevention program that consists of 8 acute 90-minute group sessions, 2 parent group sessions, and 3 continuation sessions lasting 60 minutes each. Participants are taught to apply cognitive techniques to their personal thoughts, with the goal of generating effective counterarguments to unrealistic negative beliefs.

Presence of a Major Depressive Episode or Dysthymia on the Schedule for Affective Disorders for School Aged Children - Present and Life Time Version (K-SADS-PL)

Presence of A Major Depressive Episode or Dysthymia on the Schedule for Affective Disorders for School Aged Children - Present and Life Time Version (K-SADS-PL)

Presence of A Major Depressive Episode or Dysthymia on the Schedule for Affective Disorders for School Aged Children - Present and Life Time Version (K-SADS-PL)

Presence of A Major Depressive Episode or Dysthymia on the Schedule for Affective Disorders for School Aged Children - Present and Life Time Version (K-SADS-PL)

Presence of A Major Depressive Episode or Dysthymia on the Schedule for Affective Disorders for School Aged Children - Present and Life Time Version (K-SADS-PL)

Presence of A Major Depressive Episode or Dysthymia on the Schedule for Affective Disorders for School Aged Children - Present and Life Time Version (K-SADS-PL)

Presence of A Major Depressive Episode or Dysthymia on the Schedule for Affective Disorders for School Aged Children - Present and Life Time Version (K-SADS-PL)

Inclusion Criteria: Currently in the 6th to 11th grades Adolescent and parent must be English-speaking Parental consent and adolescent consent Exclusion Criteria: Presence of current Major Depressive Disorder, dysthymia, bipolar disorder, or significant psychosis Suicide attempt in the past week or significant suicidal ideation in the past week Presence of significant psychopathology or significant pervasive developmental delays that would make the group inappropriate

Young JF, Jones JD, Gallop R, Benas JS, Schueler CM, Garber J, Hankin BL. Personalized Depression Prevention: A Randomized Controlled Trial to Optimize Effects Through Risk-Informed Personalization. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2021 Sep;60(9):1116-1126.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2020.11.004. Epub 2020 Nov 13.