Effect of Butorphanol Combined With Flurbiprofen Axetil on Preventing Hyperalgesia Induced by Remifentanil in Patients
Pain, Anesthesia
About this trial
This is an interventional prevention trial for Pain focused on measuring Remifentanil, Opioid-induced hyperalgesia, Postoperative pain, Pain Intensity
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
- Subject is scheduled to undergo lower abdominal surgery under a short general anesthesia of less than 2 hours
- Subject's American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status is I-II.
- The subject's parent/legally authorized guardian has given written informed consent to participate.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Subject has a diagnosis of renal or liver failure.
- Subject has a diagnosis of Insulin dependent diabetes.
- Subject is allergy and contraindication to butorphanol or NSAIDs.
- Subject has a history of chronic pain, a history of alcohol or opioid abuse, pre-existing therapy with opioids, intake of any analgesic drug within 48 hours before surgery.
- Subject has any contraindication for the use of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA).
- Subject is pregnant or breast-feeding.
- Subject is obese (body mass index >30kg/m^2).
Sites / Locations
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
Arms of the Study
Arm 1
Arm 2
Arm 3
Arm 4
Arm 5
Arm 6
Placebo Comparator
Active Comparator
Active Comparator
Active Comparator
Active Comparator
Sham Comparator
Normal Saline
Butorphanol
Flurbiprofen axetilⅠ
Flurbiprofen axetilⅡ
Butorphanol-Flurbiprofen axetil
Sufentanil
Normal saline is intravenously administrated before anesthesia induction and intraoperative pain management was with remifentanil
Butorphanol is intravenously administrated at a dose of 20μg/ kg before anesthesia induction and intraoperative pain management was with remifentanil
Flurbiprofen axetil is intravenously administrated at a dose of 1.0mg/ kg before anesthesia induction and intraoperative pain management was with remifentanil
Flurbiprofen axetil is intravenously administrated at a dose of 1.0mg/ kg before the skin closure and intraoperative pain management was with remifentanil
A dose of 10μg/ kg butorphanol and a dose of 0.5mg/ kg flurbiprofen axetil are intravenously administrated before anesthesia induction and intraoperative pain management was with remifentanil
Normal saline is intravenously administrated before anesthesia induction and intraoperative pain management was with sufentanil