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Evaluation of Safety, Immunogenicity, and Prevention of TB With AERAS-404 and BCG Revaccination in Healthy Adolescents

Primary Purpose

Tuberculosis

Status

Completed

Phase

Phase 2

Locations

South Africa

Study Type

Interventional

Intervention

AERAS-404

Placebo

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)

About this trial

This is an interventional prevention trial for Tuberculosis focused on measuring BCG Vaccinated

Eligibility Criteria

12 Years - 17 Years (Child)All SexesAccepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion Criteria:

Has completed the written informed consent and assent process
Is age ≥ 12 years and ≤ 17 years on Study Day 0
Agrees to stay in contact with the study site for the duration of the study, provide updated contact information
For female subjects: agrees to avoid pregnancy from 28 days prior to Study Day 0 and for the full duration of the study.
Has general good health, confirmed by medical history and physical examination
Had BCG vaccination at least 5 years ago documented through medical history or by presence of healed BCG scar
Tests QFT-GIT negative at screening, using the manufacturer's recommended threshold of 0.35 IU/mL

Exclusion Criteria:

Acute illness on Study Day 0
Oral temperature ≥37.5°C on Study Day 0
Clinically significant (and no more than Grade 1 on the Toxicity Scale) abnormal laboratory values from blood collected within 21 days
Evidence of clinically significant (and no more than Grade 1 on the Toxicity Scale) systemic or local disease on urinalysis
History or evidence of any clinically significant systemic disease, or any acute or chronic illness that might affect the safety, immunogenicity, or efficacy of study vaccine in the opinion of the investigator
History of treatment for active TB disease or latent Mtb infection
History or evidence, including chest X-ray, of active TB disease
Shared residence with an individual receiving anti-TB treatment, or known incompletely treated culture or smear positive TB
History of autoimmune disease or immunosuppression
Used immunosuppressive medication within 42 days before Study Day 0
Received immunoglobulin or blood products within 42 days before Study Day 0
Received any investigational drug therapy or investigational vaccine within 182 days before Study Day 0
Received investigational TB vaccine, other than BCG
Planned administration/administration of a licensed vaccine in the period starting 28 days before and ending 28 days after each dose of study vaccine
History or laboratory evidence of any past or present possible immunodeficiency state not limited to any lab indication of HIV-1 infection
History of allergic disease likely to be exacerbated by any component of the study vaccine
History of alcohol or drug abuse
All female subjects: currently pregnant or lactating/nursing; or positive urine pregnancy test during screening
Received a (TST) within 3 months (90 days) prior to Study Day 0.
Any current medical, psychiatric, occupational, substance abuse problems problems that in opinion of investigator will make unlikely for the subject to comply with the protocol

Sites / Locations

South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative , Project Office, Brewelskloof Hospital , Harlem Street, Worcester
Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation (DTHF)

Arms of the Study

Arm 1

Arm 2

Arm 3

Arm Type

Experimental

Active Comparator

Placebo Comparator

Arm Label

AERAS-404 (15 mcgH4/500 nmol IC31)

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)

Placebo

Arm Description

2 doses on Study Days 0 and 56

1 Dose on Study Day 0

2 Doses on Study Days 0 and 56

Outcomes

Primary Outcome Measures

Safety Profile of H4:IC31 and BCG Revaccination in HIV-uninfected, Remotely BCG Vaccinated Adolescents.

Number of unsolicited and solicited adverse events recorded post vaccination. Unsolicited adverse events: 28 days post each vaccination Solicited adverse events: 7 days post each vaccination (with diary cards used for 7 days after each vaccination for Safety and Immunogenicity Cohort only) Solicited and unsolicited injection site reaction adverse events: BCG Group - 84 days post vaccination; H4:IC31/Placebo Groups - 28 days post each vaccination Serious adverse events, adverse events of special interest, and SUSARs: Entire study period, with a minimum of 6 months following the last dose of study vaccine

Number of Participants Testing Positive for Mtb at Day 84

Rates of conversion to Mtb-positive measured by QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-tube (QFT-GIT) assay. The primary evaluation of Mtb infection was QFT-GIT conversion from a negative to positive test, using the manufacturer's recommended threshold of ≥0.35 IU/mL, at any time point after Day 84 and through end of follow-up for the primary endpoint. All participants with primary QFT-GIT conversion were followed for an additional 6 months post-conversion to ascertain the sustained QFT-GIT conversion and QFT-GIT reversion endpoints. Participants with an initial QFT-GIT conversion at Month 6 or 12 were asked to return for a final QFT-GIT evaluation and assessment for TB signs and symptoms at least 24 months after their initial vaccination. H4:IC31 compared to placebo BCG revaccination compared to placebo

Secondary Outcome Measures

Rates of Sustained Conversion to Mtb-positive

Rates of sustained conversion to Mtb-positive as measured by QFT-GIT assay. H4:IC31 compared to placebo BCG revaccination compared to placebo

Percentage of Participants With Immune Response to Vaccine in HIV-uninfected, Remotely BCG-vaccinated Adolescents: o H4:IC31 o BCG Revaccination

A 13 color intracellular cytokine staining assay (ICS) was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to assess CD4+ T cells that expressed IFN-γ, TNF, IL-2, IL-17, IL-22, CD107a, and/or CD154 alone or in combination in response to stimulation with peptide pools representing the entire amino acid sequence of the TB mycobacterial antigens Ag85B and TB10.4, and BCG antigens. Responders were IFN-gamma and/or IL-2 positive. An intracellular cytokine assay was performed on whole blood (WB) to measure the frequencies and patterns of CD4+ T cells expressing Th1 and Th17 cytokines following stimulation of whole blood with peptide pools representing the entire amino acid sequence of the TB mycobacterial antigens Ag85B and TB10.4, as well as viable BCG from the vaccine vial. Responders were IFN-gamma, IL-2, TNF, IL-17, and/or IL-22 positive.

Full Information

NCT ID

NCT02075203

First Posted

February 17, 2014

Last Updated

August 22, 2019

Sponsor

Aeras

Collaborators

Sanofi Pasteur, a Sanofi Company

1. Study Identification

Unique Protocol Identification Number

NCT02075203

Brief Title

Evaluation of Safety, Immunogenicity, and Prevention of TB With AERAS-404 and BCG Revaccination in Healthy Adolescents

Official Title

A Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Partially Blinded Phase II Study to Evaluate Safety, Immunogenicity, and Prevention of Infection With Mycobacterium Tuberculosis of AERAS-404 and BCG Revaccination in Healthy Adolescents

Study Type

Interventional

2. Study Status

Record Verification Date

May 2019

Overall Recruitment Status

Completed

Study Start Date

February 2014 (undefined)

Primary Completion Date

August 28, 2017 (Actual)

Study Completion Date

October 6, 2017 (Actual)

3. Sponsor/Collaborators

Responsible Party, by Official Title

Sponsor

Name of the Sponsor

Aeras

Collaborators

Sanofi Pasteur, a Sanofi Company

4. Oversight

Data Monitoring Committee

Yes

5. Study Description

Brief Summary

Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Partially Blinded Phase II Study to Evaluate Safety, Immunogenicity, and Prevention of Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis of AERAS-404 and BCG Revaccination in Healthy Adolescents

Detailed Description

This Phase II, randomized, 3-arm, placebo controlled, partially blinded, clinical trial will be conducted in 990 healthy, HIV-uninfected, QFT-GIT negative, previously BCG vaccinated adolescents. The trial will be conducted at the South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI) site in the Western Cape region of South Africa, where epidemiological studies involving thousands of adolescents have been conducted over the last decade to characterize rates of Mtb infection and active TB disease in this age group. Subjects will be enrolled in two sequential cohorts and within each cohort subjects will be randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive either AERAS-404 or saline placebo on Days 0 and 56, or BCG Vaccine SSI on Day 0. The first 90 subjects (30 from each arm) will form the Safety & Immunogenicity Cohort and will be subject to more intensive collection of safety data, with data reviewed by the Data Monitoring Committee (DMC), principal investigator and local medical monitor. Selected immunogenicity assays, including whole blood intracellular cytokine staining (ICS), will also be performed in this cohort. The remaining 900 subjects will be enrolled into the Correlates Cohort. All 990 subjects in the study will be evaluated for safety and biomarker outcomes, and for prevention of Mtb infection. The primary Mtb infection endpoint will be QFT-GIT conversion from a negative to positive test, using the manufacturer's recommended threshold of 0.35 IU/mL, at any time-point after Day 84 and through end of follow-up for the primary endpoint. The 84-day 'wash-out' period is stipulated in order to exclude subjects who may have already been Mtb infected, but not yet converted their QFT-GIT test at screening, thus subjects who convert their QFT-GIT at Day 84 will not be included in the analyses of prevention of Mtb infection.

6. Conditions and Keywords

Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study

Tuberculosis

Keywords

BCG Vaccinated

7. Study Design

Primary Purpose

Prevention

Study Phase

Phase 2

Interventional Study Model

Parallel Assignment

Masking

ParticipantCare ProviderInvestigatorOutcomes Assessor

Allocation

Randomized

Enrollment

989 (Actual)

8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions

Arm Title

AERAS-404 (15 mcgH4/500 nmol IC31)

Arm Type

Experimental

Arm Description

2 doses on Study Days 0 and 56

Arm Title

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)

Arm Type

Active Comparator

Arm Description

1 Dose on Study Day 0

Arm Title

Placebo

Arm Type

Placebo Comparator

Arm Description

2 Doses on Study Days 0 and 56

Intervention Type

Biological

Intervention Name(s)

AERAS-404

Other Intervention Name(s)

H4, H4:IC31

Intervention Description

The H4 antigen is a fusion protein created from two Mtb antigens: antigen Ag85B and TB10.4. Ag85B is also referred to as α-antigen and is a 30-kDa mycolyl transferase protein. TB10.4 is one of three members of the very similar ESAT-6 group of proteins found in Mtb culture supernatants. TB10.4 induces broad immune responses in T cells isolated from TB subjects compared to BCG-vaccinated donors and unvaccinated donors. IC31 is a combination of a leucine-rich peptide named KLK & a synthetic oligonucleotide named ODN1a. The optimal molar ratio of KLK to ODN1a in mice is 25:1. AERAS-404 & saline placebo trial arms will be double-blinded since BCG causes a recognizable local injection site reaction, the BCG revaccination trial arm will be unblinded.

Intervention Type

Drug

Intervention Name(s)

Placebo

Other Intervention Name(s)

0.9% Saline

Intervention Description

Saline

Intervention Type

Biological

Intervention Name(s)

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)

Other Intervention Name(s)

BCG, BCG SSI

Intervention Description

BCG SSI Vaccine is registered in South Africa for prevention of TB in children and adults. BCG, an attenuated, live culture of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, was originally attenuated between 1906 and 1919 by serial passage of an M. bovis strain. The manufacturer Statens Serum Institut (SSI) in Copenhagen, Denmark derives this vaccine from the Danish BCG strain 1331. BCG SSI is supplied by the manufacturer in amber 10-dose vials containing 0.75 mg lyophilized SSI BCG. The BCG revaccination trial arm will be unblinded (open label).

Primary Outcome Measure Information:

Title

Safety Profile of H4:IC31 and BCG Revaccination in HIV-uninfected, Remotely BCG Vaccinated Adolescents.

Description

Time Frame

Study day 7 thru 6 months after last vaccination

Title

Number of Participants Testing Positive for Mtb at Day 84

Description

Time Frame

Study day 84 through 6 months post-conversion

Secondary Outcome Measure Information:

Title

Rates of Sustained Conversion to Mtb-positive

Description

Rates of sustained conversion to Mtb-positive as measured by QFT-GIT assay. H4:IC31 compared to placebo BCG revaccination compared to placebo

Time Frame

6 months after initial conversion

Title

Percentage of Participants With Immune Response to Vaccine in HIV-uninfected, Remotely BCG-vaccinated Adolescents: o H4:IC31 o BCG Revaccination

Description

Time Frame

Study day 70

10. Eligibility

Sex

All

Minimum Age & Unit of Time

12 Years

Maximum Age & Unit of Time

17 Years

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria: Has completed the written informed consent and assent process Is age ≥ 12 years and ≤ 17 years on Study Day 0 Agrees to stay in contact with the study site for the duration of the study, provide updated contact information For female subjects: agrees to avoid pregnancy from 28 days prior to Study Day 0 and for the full duration of the study. Has general good health, confirmed by medical history and physical examination Had BCG vaccination at least 5 years ago documented through medical history or by presence of healed BCG scar Tests QFT-GIT negative at screening, using the manufacturer's recommended threshold of 0.35 IU/mL Exclusion Criteria: Acute illness on Study Day 0 Oral temperature ≥37.5°C on Study Day 0 Clinically significant (and no more than Grade 1 on the Toxicity Scale) abnormal laboratory values from blood collected within 21 days Evidence of clinically significant (and no more than Grade 1 on the Toxicity Scale) systemic or local disease on urinalysis History or evidence of any clinically significant systemic disease, or any acute or chronic illness that might affect the safety, immunogenicity, or efficacy of study vaccine in the opinion of the investigator History of treatment for active TB disease or latent Mtb infection History or evidence, including chest X-ray, of active TB disease Shared residence with an individual receiving anti-TB treatment, or known incompletely treated culture or smear positive TB History of autoimmune disease or immunosuppression Used immunosuppressive medication within 42 days before Study Day 0 Received immunoglobulin or blood products within 42 days before Study Day 0 Received any investigational drug therapy or investigational vaccine within 182 days before Study Day 0 Received investigational TB vaccine, other than BCG Planned administration/administration of a licensed vaccine in the period starting 28 days before and ending 28 days after each dose of study vaccine History or laboratory evidence of any past or present possible immunodeficiency state not limited to any lab indication of HIV-1 infection History of allergic disease likely to be exacerbated by any component of the study vaccine History of alcohol or drug abuse All female subjects: currently pregnant or lactating/nursing; or positive urine pregnancy test during screening Received a (TST) within 3 months (90 days) prior to Study Day 0. Any current medical, psychiatric, occupational, substance abuse problems problems that in opinion of investigator will make unlikely for the subject to comply with the protocol

Overall Study Officials:

First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree

Mark Hatherill, MD

Organizational Affiliation

The South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative(SATVI)

Official's Role

Principal Investigator

Facility Information:

Facility Name

South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative , Project Office, Brewelskloof Hospital , Harlem Street, Worcester

City

Cape Town

State/Province

Western Cape

ZIP/Postal Code

6850

Country

South Africa

Facility Name

Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation (DTHF)

City

Nyanga

Country

South Africa

12. IPD Sharing Statement

Plan to Share IPD

Citations:

PubMed Identifier

29996082

Citation

Nemes E, Geldenhuys H, Rozot V, Rutkowski KT, Ratangee F, Bilek N, Mabwe S, Makhethe L, Erasmus M, Toefy A, Mulenga H, Hanekom WA, Self SG, Bekker LG, Ryall R, Gurunathan S, DiazGranados CA, Andersen P, Kromann I, Evans T, Ellis RD, Landry B, Hokey DA, Hopkins R, Ginsberg AM, Scriba TJ, Hatherill M; C-040-404 Study Team. Prevention of M. tuberculosis Infection with H4:IC31 Vaccine or BCG Revaccination. N Engl J Med. 2018 Jul 12;379(2):138-149. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1714021.

Results Reference

result

PubMed Identifier

26048780

Citation

Geldenhuys H, Mearns H, Miles DJ, Tameris M, Hokey D, Shi Z, Bennett S, Andersen P, Kromann I, Hoff ST, Hanekom WA, Mahomed H, Hatherill M, Scriba TJ; H4:IC31 Trial Study Group; van Rooyen M, Bruce McClain J, Ryall R, de Bruyn G; H4:IC31 Trial Study Groupa. The tuberculosis vaccine H4:IC31 is safe and induces a persistent polyfunctional CD4 T cell response in South African adults: A randomized controlled trial. Vaccine. 2015 Jul 9;33(30):3592-9. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.05.036. Epub 2015 Jun 3.

Results Reference

derived

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Evaluation of Safety, Immunogenicity, and Prevention of TB With AERAS-404 and BCG Revaccination in Healthy Adolescents

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