Back to resultsCrossFit Exercise to Improve Glucose Control for Overweight and Obese Adults
Primary Purpose
Hyperglycemia
Status
Completed
Phase
Not Applicable
Locations
United States
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
High-Intensity Functional Training
Aerobic and Resistance Training
Sponsored by
About this trial
This is an interventional treatment trial for Hyperglycemia focused on measuring Exercise, Physical Fitness, Body Composition, Beneficial
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
- body mass index (BMI) of 25 - < 40, physically inactive (i.e., not participating in any structured exercise programs for the past 2 months and not exceeding 30 total minutes of physical activity per week)
Exclusion Criteria:
- current smoker, pregnant, taking blood glucose altering medications, heart disease, type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus, total cholesterol 200 mg/dL or higher
Sites / Locations
- Kansas State University
Arms of the Study
Arm 1
Arm 2
Arm Type
Active Comparator
Experimental
Arm Label
Aerobic and Resistance Training
High-intensity functional training
Arm Description
Participants completed 24 exercise sessions based on current guidelines. Aerobic exercise (50 min) was performed on machines every session and resistance training (20 min) was performed on machines two sessions per week. Aerobic intensity was prescribed at 40-50% of heart rate reserve (HRR) Weeks 1-4 and 50-60% HRR Weeks 5-8. Resistance training was supervised by an ACE certified personal trainer. One-repetition maximums (1-RM) were assessed Week 1 (i.e., seated bicep curl, military press, seated lat pulldown, seated leg extension, triceps pulldown, bench press, reverse leg curl, seated leg press). For Weeks 2-3 participants completed, 3 sets of 15 reps at 50% 1-RM; Weeks 4-5, 3 sets of 12 reps at 60% 1-RM; Weeks 6-7, 3 sets of 10 reps at 70% 1-RM; Week 8, 3 sets of 8 reps at 75% 1-RM. Three sets of 15 unweighted crunches were completed each day. One minute of rest was taken between each set and each exercise.
Participants completed a total of 24 sessions that were pre-programmed and led by a certified instructor (CrossFit Level 2), which lasted up to 60 minutes in duration. The first two class periods were structured as an introduction to common movements used in high-intensity functional training (HIFT; e.g., squats, deadlift, press, jerks, barbell, dumbbell, and medicine ball cleans, pullups, kettlebell swings, among others). No scheduled workouts were given on days 1 and 2. Beginning on day 3 each HIFT class consisted of 10-15 minutes of stretching and warmup, 10-20 minutes of instruction and practicing techniques and movements, and 5-30 minutes for the workout of the day, performed at vigorous intensity, relative to each person's ability and fitness level. All weights and movements were individually prescribed and recorded for each participant.
Outcomes
Primary Outcome Measures
Change from baseline in glucose control.
Fasting plasma glucose levels were taken after an overnight fast of at least 8 hours. An oral glucose tolerance test was conducted after ingestion of a 75g oral dextrose solution with finger sticks at 30, 45, and 60 minutes from time 0. The following equation was used to calculate glucose area under the curve which was the metric utilized to ascertain changes in glucose control: [(Time 45 - Time 30) * ½ (OGTT 30 + OGTT 45)] + [(Time 60 - Time 45) * ½ (OGTT 60 + OGTT 45)]
Secondary Outcome Measures
Change from baseline in peak aerobic capacity
Modified Balke protocol
Change from baseline in sit and reach
Eurofit protocol for sit and reach distance using flex tester box
Change from baseline in standing broad jump
Eurofit protocol
Change from baseline in vertical jump
Eurofit protocol
Change from baseline in pushups
Eurofit protocol; completed on feet or knees
Change from baseline in situps
Eurofit protocol
Change from baseline in 40 meter dash
A handheld stopwatch was used to record time from the command "Go" until the participant crossed the line at 40 meters
Change from baseline in stork balance test
Change from baseline in body composition
Dual X-ray absorptiometry scan was used to assess body fat percentage, lean body mass, and fat mass.
Full Information
1. Study Identification
Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT02185872
Brief Title
CrossFit Exercise to Improve Glucose Control for Overweight and Obese Adults
Official Title
The Influence of a CrossFit Exercise Program on Glucose Control in Overweight and Obese Individuals
Study Type
Interventional
2. Study Status
Record Verification Date
March 2015
Overall Recruitment Status
Completed
Study Start Date
February 2012 (undefined)
Primary Completion Date
May 2012 (Actual)
Study Completion Date
May 2012 (Actual)
3. Sponsor/Collaborators
Responsible Party, by Official Title
Principal Investigator
Name of the Sponsor
Kansas State University
4. Oversight
Data Monitoring Committee
No
5. Study Description
Brief Summary
The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in glucose control, fitness, and body composition between a standard aerobic and resistance exercise training program and a shorter-duration, high-intensity CrossFit training program in overweight and obese physically inactive adults.
Hypotheses:
Both groups would improve glucose control, with the CrossFit group improving significantly more than the aerobic and resistance training group.
Both groups would improve fitness, with the CrossFit group improving significantly more than the aerobic and resistance training group.
Both groups would demonstrate decreases in body fat percentage and fat mass and increases in lean body mass, with the CrossFit group improving significantly more than the aerobic and resistance training group.
Detailed Description
Overweight or obese participants will take part in an 8-week exercise intervention after clearance from a doctor, that is expected to improve glucose control, fitness (Eurofit and peak aerobic capacity), and body composition (body fat percentage, fat mass, and lean body mass). After stratification by age and body mass index, participants will be randomized to either a standard aerobic and resistance training exercise program or a relatively higher intensity, shorter duration CrossFit exercise program.
6. Conditions and Keywords
Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Hyperglycemia
Keywords
Exercise, Physical Fitness, Body Composition, Beneficial
7. Study Design
Primary Purpose
Treatment
Study Phase
Not Applicable
Interventional Study Model
Parallel Assignment
Masking
None (Open Label)
Allocation
Randomized
Enrollment
23 (Actual)
8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions
Arm Title
Aerobic and Resistance Training
Arm Type
Active Comparator
Arm Description
Participants completed 24 exercise sessions based on current guidelines. Aerobic exercise (50 min) was performed on machines every session and resistance training (20 min) was performed on machines two sessions per week. Aerobic intensity was prescribed at 40-50% of heart rate reserve (HRR) Weeks 1-4 and 50-60% HRR Weeks 5-8. Resistance training was supervised by an ACE certified personal trainer. One-repetition maximums (1-RM) were assessed Week 1 (i.e., seated bicep curl, military press, seated lat pulldown, seated leg extension, triceps pulldown, bench press, reverse leg curl, seated leg press). For Weeks 2-3 participants completed, 3 sets of 15 reps at 50% 1-RM; Weeks 4-5, 3 sets of 12 reps at 60% 1-RM; Weeks 6-7, 3 sets of 10 reps at 70% 1-RM; Week 8, 3 sets of 8 reps at 75% 1-RM. Three sets of 15 unweighted crunches were completed each day. One minute of rest was taken between each set and each exercise.
Arm Title
High-intensity functional training
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
Participants completed a total of 24 sessions that were pre-programmed and led by a certified instructor (CrossFit Level 2), which lasted up to 60 minutes in duration. The first two class periods were structured as an introduction to common movements used in high-intensity functional training (HIFT; e.g., squats, deadlift, press, jerks, barbell, dumbbell, and medicine ball cleans, pullups, kettlebell swings, among others). No scheduled workouts were given on days 1 and 2. Beginning on day 3 each HIFT class consisted of 10-15 minutes of stretching and warmup, 10-20 minutes of instruction and practicing techniques and movements, and 5-30 minutes for the workout of the day, performed at vigorous intensity, relative to each person's ability and fitness level. All weights and movements were individually prescribed and recorded for each participant.
Intervention Type
Other
Intervention Name(s)
High-Intensity Functional Training
Other Intervention Name(s)
CrossFit
Intervention Description
Participants were instructed to work as hard as they could while maintaining safe technique and proper form to achieve as many reps or rounds as possible in the prescribed time frame. As HIFT participants became accustomed to specific movements, less time was dedicated to practicing movements and technique.
Intervention Type
Other
Intervention Name(s)
Aerobic and Resistance Training
Intervention Description
The protocol was based upon current guidelines of 150 minutes moderate-intensity aerobic activity and 2 days of muscle strengthening per week.
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Change from baseline in glucose control.
Description
Fasting plasma glucose levels were taken after an overnight fast of at least 8 hours. An oral glucose tolerance test was conducted after ingestion of a 75g oral dextrose solution with finger sticks at 30, 45, and 60 minutes from time 0. The following equation was used to calculate glucose area under the curve which was the metric utilized to ascertain changes in glucose control: [(Time 45 - Time 30) * ½ (OGTT 30 + OGTT 45)] + [(Time 60 - Time 45) * ½ (OGTT 60 + OGTT 45)]
Time Frame
Baseline, Week 10
Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Change from baseline in peak aerobic capacity
Description
Modified Balke protocol
Time Frame
Baseline, Week 10
Title
Change from baseline in sit and reach
Description
Eurofit protocol for sit and reach distance using flex tester box
Time Frame
Baseline, Week 10
Title
Change from baseline in standing broad jump
Description
Eurofit protocol
Time Frame
Baseline, Week 10
Title
Change from baseline in vertical jump
Description
Eurofit protocol
Time Frame
Baseline, Week 10
Title
Change from baseline in pushups
Description
Eurofit protocol; completed on feet or knees
Time Frame
Baseline, Week 10
Title
Change from baseline in situps
Description
Eurofit protocol
Time Frame
Baseline, Week 10
Title
Change from baseline in 40 meter dash
Description
A handheld stopwatch was used to record time from the command "Go" until the participant crossed the line at 40 meters
Time Frame
Baseline, Week 10
Title
Change from baseline in stork balance test
Time Frame
Baseline, Week 10
Title
Change from baseline in body composition
Description
Dual X-ray absorptiometry scan was used to assess body fat percentage, lean body mass, and fat mass.
Time Frame
Baseline, Week 12
Other Pre-specified Outcome Measures:
Title
Time spent completing daily workouts
Description
Time spent to complete each assigned daily workout was individually recorded for each participant
Time Frame
24 exercise sessions over 8 weeks
10. Eligibility
Sex
All
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
18 Years
Maximum Age & Unit of Time
40 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
body mass index (BMI) of 25 - < 40, physically inactive (i.e., not participating in any structured exercise programs for the past 2 months and not exceeding 30 total minutes of physical activity per week)
Exclusion Criteria:
current smoker, pregnant, taking blood glucose altering medications, heart disease, type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus, total cholesterol 200 mg/dL or higher
Overall Study Officials:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Katie M Heinrich, PhD
Organizational Affiliation
Kansas State University
Official's Role
Principal Investigator
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Pratik Patel, MS, RD
Organizational Affiliation
Kansas State University
Official's Role
Study Director
Facility Information:
Facility Name
Kansas State University
City
Manhattan
State/Province
Kansas
ZIP/Postal Code
66506
Country
United States
12. IPD Sharing Statement
Citations:
PubMed Identifier
25086646
Citation
Heinrich KM, Patel PM, O'Neal JL, Heinrich BS. High-intensity compared to moderate-intensity training for exercise initiation, enjoyment, adherence, and intentions: an intervention study. BMC Public Health. 2014 Aug 3;14:789. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-789.
Results Reference
result
Learn more about this trial
CrossFit Exercise to Improve Glucose Control for Overweight and Obese Adults
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