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Pembrolizumab With Talimogene Laherparepvec or Placebo in Unresected Melanoma (MASTERKEY-265)

Primary Purpose

Melanoma

Status
Terminated
Phase
Phase 3
Locations
International
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
Talimogene Laherparepvec
Pembrolizumab
Placebo
Sponsored by
Amgen
About
Eligibility
Locations
Arms
Outcomes
Full info

About this trial

This is an interventional treatment trial for Melanoma focused on measuring Talimogene Laherparepvec, pembrolizumab, KEYNOTE-034, MASTERKEY-265

Eligibility Criteria

18 Years - 95 Years (Adult, Older Adult)All SexesDoes not accept healthy volunteers

Key Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age ≥ 18 years with histologically confirmed diagnosis of melanoma and stage IIIB to IVM1c for whom surgery is not recommended.
  • Subjects must have measurable disease and be a candidate for intralesional therapy administration into cutaneous, subcutaneous, or nodal lesions.
  • Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1.
  • Adequate hematologic, hepatic, renal, and coagulation function.
  • Subjects with serine/threonine protein kinase B-Raf V600 (BRAFV600) wild-type tumors must not have received any prior systemic anticancer treatment consisting of chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or targeted therapy given in a non-adjuvant setting for unresectable stage IIIB to IVM1c melanoma.
  • Subjects with B-Raf V600 (BRAFV600) mutated tumors who have received prior BRAF inhibitor therapy either alone or in combination with mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor as their only prior systemic therapy are eligible.
  • Subjects who received prior adjuvant therapy for melanoma will not be excluded (including, but not limited to, interferon, ipilimumab, limb infusion/perfusion, or use of investigational agents in the adjuvant setting) with the exception that prior adjuvant therapy with inhibitors of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) or programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is not allowed. However, if the subject received adjuvant therapy, the subject must have completed therapy at least 28 days prior to enrollment.
  • Subjects must have a tumor sample that is adequate for PD-L1 assessment prior to randomization.

Key Exclusion Criteria:

  • Subjects must not have clinically active cerebral metastases.
  • Subjects must not have primary uveal or mucosal melanoma, history or evidence of melanoma associated with immunodeficiency states or history of other malignancy within the past 3 years.
  • Subjects may not have been previously treated with talimogene laherparepvec, any other oncolytic virus, pembrolizumab, or any other inhibitor of PD-1, PD-L1, or PD-L2.
  • Subjects must not have history or evidence of symptomatic autoimmune pneumonitis, glomerulonephritis, vasculitis, other symptomatic autoimmune disease, documented history of autoimmune disease or syndrome requiring systemic treatment in the past 2 years (ie, with use of disease modifying agents, steroids or immunosuppressive agents) except vitiligo or resolved childhood asthma/atopy, or evidence of clinically significant immunosuppression.
  • Subjects must not have active herpetic skin lesions or prior complications of herpetic infection and must not require intermittent or chronic treatment with an antiherpetic drug (eg, acyclovir), other than intermittent topical use.

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Arms of the Study

Arm 1

Arm 2

Arm 3

Arm Type

Experimental

Placebo Comparator

Experimental

Arm Label

Phase 1b: Talimogene Laherparepvec + Pembrolizumab

Phase 3 : Placebo + Pembrolizumab

Phase 3: Talimogene Laherparepvec + Pembrolizumab

Arm Description

Participants received talimogene laherparepvec at an initial dose of up to 4 mL 10⁶ plaque-forming units (PFU)/mL by intralesional injection. Subsequent doses of talimogene laherparepvec at up to 4 mL of 10⁸ PFU/mL began 3 weeks after the first dose and were administered every 2 weeks until disappearance of injectable lesions, complete response (CR), confirmed disease progression (PD) per modified Immune-related Response Criteria (irRC), intolerance of study treatment, 24 months from the date of the first dose of pembrolizumab, or end of study, whichever occurred first. Participants also received 200 mg pembrolizumab administered intravenously every 2 weeks starting at the time of the third dose of talimogene laherparepvec (week 6) until confirmed PD per modified irRC, treatment intolerance, 24 months from the first dose, or end of study, whichever occurred first.

Participants received up to 4 mL placebo to talimogene laherparepvec by intralesional injection on day 1 of week 0. Subsequent doses of placebo (up to 4 mL) began 3 weeks after the first dose and were administered every 2 weeks until the fifth injection (week 9), and then synchronously with pembrolizumab thereafter every 3 weeks until disappearance of injectable lesions, complete response per modified Immune-related Response Criteria simulating Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (irRC-RECIST) (iCR), confirmed iPD per modified irRC-RECIST, intolerance of study treatment, 24 months from the date of the first dose of placebo, or end of study, whichever occurred first. Participants also received 200 mg pembrolizumab administered intravenously every 3 weeks starting on day 1 of week 0, until confirmed iPD per modified irRC-RECIST, treatment intolerance, 24 months from the first dose, or end of study, whichever occurred first.

Participants received talimogene laherparepvec at an initial dose of up to 4 mL 10⁶ PFU/mL by intralesional injection on day 1. Subsequent doses of talimogene laherparepvec at 10⁸ PFU/mL (up to 4 mL) began 3 weeks after the first dose and were administered every 2 weeks until the fifth injection of talimogene laherparepvec (week 9), and then synchronously with pembrolizumab thereafter every 3 weeks until disappearance of injectable lesions, iCR, confirmed iPD per modified irRC-RECIST, intolerance of study treatment, 24 months from the date of the first dose of talimogene laherparepvec, or end of study, whichever occurred first. Participants also received 200 mg pembrolizumab administered intravenously every 3 weeks starting on day 1 of week 0, until confirmed iPD per modified irRC-RECIST, treatment intolerance, 24 months from the first dose, or end of study, whichever occurred first.

Outcomes

Primary Outcome Measures

Phase 1b: Number of Participants With Dose-limiting Toxicities (DLTs)
A DLT was defined as any toxicity related to study drug which met any of the following criteria based on Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0: Grade 4 non-hematologic toxicity. Grade 3 or higher pneumonitis. Grade 3 non-hematologic toxicity lasting > 3 days despite optimal supportive care, excluding grade 3 fatigue. Any grade 3 or higher non-hematologic laboratory value if medical intervention was required, or the abnormality lead to hospitalization, or the abnormality persisted for > 1 week. Febrile neutropenia grade 3 or grade 4. Thrombocytopenia < 25 x 10^9/L if associated with a bleeding event which does not result in hemodynamic instability but required an elective platelet infusion, or a life-threatening bleeding event which resulted in urgent intervention and admission to intensive care unit. Grade 5 toxicity (ie, death). Any other intolerable toxicity leading to permanent discontinuation of talimogene laherparepvec or pembrolizumab.
Phase 3: Progression Free Survival (PFS) by Blinded Independent Central Review (BICR) Assessed Using Modified RECIST 1.1
PFS per modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1 is defined as the interval from randomization to the earlier event of progressive disease (PD) per modified RECIST 1.1 or death from any cause. PD: Increase in size of target lesions from nadir by ≥ 20% and ≥ 5 mm absolute increase above nadir, or the appearance of a new lesion. Median PFS was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Participants without an event were censored at their last evaluable tumor assessment if available; otherwise on their randomization date. The primary analysis of PFS was specified to be conducted when 407 PFS events had occurred (data cut-off date 02 March 2020).
Phase 3: Overall Survival
Overall survival (OS) is defined as the interval from randomization to death from any cause. Median overall survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Participants without an event were censored at their last known alive date.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Phase 1b: Objective Response Rate (ORR)
ORR is defined as the percentage of participants with a best overall response of complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) using the modified Immune-related Response Criteria (irRC), by Investigator assessment. CR was defined as the disappearance of all lesions; PR was defined as a decrease in tumor area ≥ 50% relative to baseline, response must have been confirmed by a second, consecutive assessment at least 4 weeks apart. Radiographic imaging for assessment of lesions was performed using computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or ultrasound. Clinical measurement of cutaneous, subcutaneous, and palpable nodal tumor lesions was conducted with calipers.
Phase 1b: Best Overall Response (BOR)
Best overall response is defined as the best overall visit response in the following order: CR, PR, stable disease (SD), progressive disease (PD), or unevaluable (UE), based on investigator assessment using the modified irRC up to the start of any subsequent anti-cancer therapy. CR was defined as the disappearance of all lesions; PR was defined as a decrease in tumor area ≥ 50% relative to baseline; PD was defined as an increase in tumor area ≥ 25% relative to nadir; and SD was defined as any outcome not meeting the criteria for response or PD with ≥ 77 days elapsed after enrollment. Responses and PD must have been confirmed by a second, consecutive assessment at least 4 weeks apart.
Phase 1b: Durable Response Rate (DRR)
DRR is defined as the percentage of participants with a best overall response of CR or PR using the modified irRC per Investigator assessment with a duration of response of at least 6 months. CR was defined as the disappearance of all lesions; PR was defined as a decrease in tumor area ≥ 50% relative to baseline, response must have been confirmed by a second, consecutive assessment at least 4 weeks apart.
Phase 1b: Duration of Response (DOR)
Duration of response (DOR) is defined as the time from the date of an initial response (CR or PR) that is subsequently confirmed to the earlier of confirmed PD or death. Participants who had not ended their response at the time of analysis were censored at their last evaluable tumor assessment before start of the first subsequent anticancer therapy. CR was defined as the disappearance of all lesions; PR was defined as a decrease in tumor area ≥ 50% relative to baseline; PD was defined as an increase in tumor area ≥ 25% relative to nadir. Response and PD must have been confirmed by a second, consecutive assessment at least 4 weeks apart.
Phase 1b: Disease Control Rate (DCR)
DCR is defined as the percentage of participants with a best overall response of CR, PR, or SD using the modified irRC per Investigator assessment. CR was defined as the disappearance of all lesions; PR was defined as a decrease in tumor area ≥ 50% relative to baseline, response must have been confirmed by a second, consecutive assessment at least 4 weeks apart; and SD was defined as any outcome not meeting the criteria for response or PD with ≥ 84 days elapsed after enrollment.
Phase 1b: Progression-free Survival (PFS)
Progression-free survival is defined as the time from first dose to the earlier event of confirmed PD per modified irRC or death from any cause. PFS was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Participants without an event were censored at their last evaluable tumor assessment.
Phase 1b: Overall Survival (OS)
Overall survival is defined as the interval from first dose to death from any cause. OS was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Participants without an event were censored at their last known alive date.
Phase 3: Complete Response Rate Assessed Using Modified irRC-RECIST (iCRR)
Complete response rate per modified Immune-related Response Criteria (irRC) simulating RECIST 1.1 (irRC-RECIST) is defined as the percentage of participants with a best overall response of complete response assessed using the modified irRC-RECIST (iCR) evaluated by blinded independent central review. iCR: Disappearance of all lesions (whether measurable or not and whether baseline or new) and confirmation by a repeat, consecutive assessment at least 4 weeks after the criteria were first met. Any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have reduction in short axis to <10 mm. Modifications to the irRC-RECIST 1.1 included an increase in the total number of target lesions and new measurable lesions to 10 with a maximum of 5 target lesions per organ, and target lesions must have been measurable by CT or MRI only.
Phase 3: Progression Free Survival Assessed Using Modified irRC-RECIST (iPFS)
PFS per modified irRC-RECIST is defined as the interval from randomization to the earlier event of progressive disease assessed by modified irRC-RECIST (iPD) evaluated by blinded independent central review, or death from any cause. iPD: Increase in tumor burden ≥ 20% and at least 5 mm absolute increase relative to nadir (minimum recorded tumor burden) confirmed by a repeat, consecutive assessment at least 4 weeks after the initial detection. Median iPFS was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Participants without an event were censored at their last evaluable tumor assessment if available; otherwise on their randomization date. The primary analysis of iPFS was specified to be conducted when 256 iPFS events had occurred (data cut-off date 29 September 2020).
Phase 3: Overall Survival Excluding Stage IVM1c Participants
Overall survival is defined as the interval from randomization to death from any cause. Median OS was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Participants without an event were censored at the last known alive date.
Phase 3: Objective Response Rate Assessed Using Modified RECIST 1.1
ORR is defined as the percentage of participants with a best overall response of complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) assessed using modified RECIST version 1.1, evaluated by blinded independent central review. CR was defined as the disappearance of all lesions except lymph node short axis < 10 mm; PR was defined as a ≥ 30% reduction in sum of diameters in target lesions. Confirmation of CR or PR was not required. Modifications to conventional RECIST 1.1 included the following: target lesions were measurable on CT or MRI; otherwise, they were considered as nontarget lesions. A maximum of 10 target lesions was allowed with up to 5 per organ.
Phase 3: Best Overall Response Assessed Using Modified RECIST 1.1
BOR is defined as the best overall visit response up to and including the first overall visit response of PD in the following order: CR, PR, SD, non-CR/Non-PD (NN), PD or UE per modified RECIST 1.1, evaluated by BICR. CR: Disappearance of all lesions except lymph node short axis < 10 mm; PR: ≥ 30% reduction in sum of diameters in target lesions. Confirmation of CR or PR was not required; NN: Persistence of ≥ 1 non-target lesions and/or maintenance of tumor marker level above normal limits; SD: Neither sufficient shrinkage of target lesions to qualify for CR or PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for PD and ≥ 84 days from randomization; PD: Increase from nadir by ≥ 20% or ≥ 5 mm of target lesions or any new lesion; Missing: No postbaseline assessment, or assessments on or after the start of first subsequent anticancer therapy, including complete or partial removal/reduction of any target lesion which contained melanoma on pathology evaluation or pathology results were unknown.
Phase 3: Durable Response Rate (DRR) Assessed Using Modified RECIST 1.1
DRR is defined as the percentage of participants with a CR or PR per modified RECIST 1.1 evaluated by blinded independent central review, with a duration of response of ≥ 6 months. CR was defined as the disappearance of all lesions except lymph node short axis < 10 mm; PR was defined as a ≥ 30% reduction in sum of diameters in target lesions. Confirmation of CR or PR was not required.
Phase 3: Duration of Response (DOR) Assessed Using Modified RECIST 1.1
Duration of response (DOR) is defined as the time from the date of an initial response of CR or PR to the earlier of PD per modified RECIST 1.1, or death. Participants who had not ended their response at the time of analysis were censored at their last evaluable tumor assessment date before start of the first subsequent anticancer therapy. CR was defined as the disappearance of all lesions except lymph node short axis < 10 mm; PR was defined as a ≥ 30% reduction in sum of diameters in target lesions. Confirmation of CR or PR was not required. PD was defined as an increase from nadir by ≥ 20% or ≥ 5 mm absolute increase above nadir of target lesions or appearance of any new lesion.
Phase 3: Disease Control Rate (DCR) Assessed Using RECIST 1.1
Disease control rate (DCR) per modified RECIST 1.1 is defined as the percentage of participants with a best overall response of CR, PR or SD evaluated by blinded independent central review. CR was defined as the disappearance of all lesions except lymph node short axis < 10 mm; PR was defined as a ≥ 30% reduction in sum of diameters in target lesions. Confirmation of CR or PR was not required. SD was defined as neither sufficient shrinkage of target lesions to qualify for CR or PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for PD with ≥ 84 days elapsed after randomization.
Phase 3: Objective Response Rate Assessed Using Modified irRC-RECIST (iORR)
Objective response rate per modified irRC-RECIST is defined as the percentage of participants with a best overall response of iCR or partial response assessed using modified irRC-RECIST (iPR) evaluated by blinded independent central review. iCR: Disappearance of all lesions (whether measurable or not and whether baseline or new) and confirmation by a repeat, consecutive assessment at least 4 weeks from the date first documented. Any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have reduction in short axis to <10 mm. iPR: Decrease in tumor burden ≥ 30% relative to baseline confirmed by a consecutive assessment at least 4 weeks after first documentation. Modifications to the irRC-RECIST 1.1 included an increase in the total number of target lesions and new measurable lesions to 10 with a maximum of 5 target lesions per organ, and target lesions must be measurable by CT or MRI only.
Phase 3: Best Overall Response Assessed Using Modified irRC-RECIST
BOR is defined as the best overall visit response in the following order: iCR, iPR, stable disease per modified irRC-RECIST (iSD), iPD, or UE per modified irRC-RECIST (iUE), evaluated by BICR. iCR: Disappearance of all lesions confirmed by consecutive assessment ≥ 4 weeks from the date first documented. Reduction of any pathological lymph node to <10 mm. iPR: Decrease in tumor burden ≥ 30% relative to baseline confirmed ≥ 4 weeks after first documentation. iPD: Increase in tumor burden ≥ 20 % and at least 5 mm absolute increase relative to nadir confirmed ≥ 4 weeks from initial detection. iSD: Neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for iCR or iPR nor sufficient increase to qualify for iPD and ≥ 84 days from randomization. Missing: No postbaseline assessment, or assessments after start of first subsequent anticancer therapy, including complete or partial removal/reduction of any target lesion which contained melanoma on pathology evaluation or pathology results were unknown.
Phase 3: Durable Response Rate Assessed Using Modified irRC-RECIST (iDRR)
Durable response rate per modified irRC-RECIST is defined as the percentage of participants with a best overall response of iCR or iPR per modified irRC-RECIST evaluated by blinded independent central review with a duration of response ≥ 6 months. iCR: Disappearance of all lesions (whether measurable or not and whether baseline or new) and confirmation by a repeat, consecutive assessment at least 4 weeks from the date first documented. Any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have reduction in short axis to <10 mm. iPR: Decrease in tumor burden ≥ 30% relative to baseline confirmed by a consecutive assessment at least 4 weeks after first documentation.
Phase 3: Duration of Response Assessed Using Modified irRC-RECIST (iDOR)
Duration of response per modified irRC-RECIST is defined as the time from the date of an initial response of iCR or iPR that was subsequently confirmed to the earlier of iPD per modified irRC-RECIST evaluated by blinded independent central review, or death. Participants who had not ended their response at the time of analysis were censored at their last evaluable tumor assessment date before the start of the first subsequent anticancer therapy. iCR: Disappearance of all lesions (whether measurable or not and whether baseline or new) and confirmation by a repeat, consecutive assessment at least 4 weeks from the date first documented. Any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have reduction in short axis to <10 mm. iPR: Decrease in tumor burden ≥ 30% relative to baseline confirmed by a consecutive assessment at least 4 weeks after first documentation.
Phase 3: Disease Control Rate Assessed Using Modified irRC-RECIST (iDCR)
Disease control rate per modified irRC-RECIST is defined as the percentage of participants with a best overall response of iCR, iCR, or iSD assessed using modified irRC-RECIST evaluated by blinded independent central review. iCR: Disappearance of all lesions (whether measurable or not and whether baseline or new) and confirmation by a repeat, consecutive assessment at least 4 weeks from the date first documented. Any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have reduction in short axis to <10 mm. iPR: Decrease in tumor burden ≥ 30% relative to baseline confirmed by a consecutive assessment at least 4 weeks after first documentation. iSD: Neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for iCR or iPR nor sufficient increase to qualify for iPD with ≥ 84 days elapsed after randomization.
Phase 3: Change From Baseline in European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Module (EORTC QLQ-C30) Global Health Status (GHS)/Quality of Life (QOL) Score
The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-C30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) is a 30-question tool used to assess the overall quality of life in cancer patients. It consists of 15 domains: 1 global health status/quality of life scale, 5 functional scales, and 9 symptom scales/items. The global health/QoL scale consists of 2 questions that ask participants to rate their overall health and overall quality of life during the past week on a scale from 1 (very poor) to 7 (excellent). The GHS/QoL subscale score was derived as the mean of each score then transformed to a scale from 0 to 100 where higher scores represent a better health status and a positive change from baseline indicates improvement. The overall change from baseline (calculated from all on-treatment visits) was calculated using a restricted maximum likelihood-based mixed model for repeated measures (MMRM) (see model details in statistical analysis section).
Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs)
An adverse event (AE) is any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical trial subject, including worsening of a pre-existing medical condition. The event does not necessarily have a causal relationship with study treatment. TEAEs include AEs from the first dose of study drug to 30 days after the last dose. A serious adverse event (SAE) is an AE that met at least 1 of the following criteria: fatal life threatening required in-patient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization resulted in persistent or significant disability/incapacity congenital anomaly/birth defect other medically important serious event. Treatment-emergent SAEs are any SAE occurring from first dose of study drug through 90 days after the last dose or 30 days after the last dose if new anticancer therapy was started, whichever was earlier. AEs were graded for severity using CTCAE version 4.0, where Grade 1 = Mild; Grade 2 = Moderate; Grade 3 = Severe; Grade 4 = Life-threatening; Grade 5 = Fatal.

Full Information

First Posted
September 26, 2014
Last Updated
November 10, 2022
Sponsor
Amgen
Collaborators
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC
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1. Study Identification

Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT02263508
Brief Title
Pembrolizumab With Talimogene Laherparepvec or Placebo in Unresected Melanoma
Acronym
MASTERKEY-265
Official Title
A Phase 1b/3, Multicenter, Trial of Talimogene Laherparepvec in Combination With Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) for Treatment of Unresectable Stage IIIB to IVM1c Melanoma (MASTERKEY-265)
Study Type
Interventional

2. Study Status

Record Verification Date
November 2022
Overall Recruitment Status
Terminated
Study Start Date
December 8, 2014 (Actual)
Primary Completion Date
March 11, 2021 (Actual)
Study Completion Date
March 11, 2021 (Actual)

3. Sponsor/Collaborators

Responsible Party, by Official Title
Sponsor
Name of the Sponsor
Amgen
Collaborators
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC

4. Oversight

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product
Yes
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product
No
Data Monitoring Committee
Yes

5. Study Description

Brief Summary
The primary objectives of the Phase 1b part of the study are to evaluate the safety, as assessed by incidence of dose limiting toxicity (DLT), of talimogene laherparepvec in combination with pembrolizumab in adults with previously untreated, unresectable, stage IIIB to IVM1c melanoma. The primary objective of Phase 3 are to evaluate the efficacy of talimogene laherparepvec with pembrolizumab versus placebo with pembrolizumab, as assessed by progression-free survival (PFS) (response evaluation by blinded independent central review using modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors [RECIST] 1.1) and overall survival (OS).

6. Conditions and Keywords

Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Melanoma
Keywords
Talimogene Laherparepvec, pembrolizumab, KEYNOTE-034, MASTERKEY-265

7. Study Design

Primary Purpose
Treatment
Study Phase
Phase 3
Interventional Study Model
Parallel Assignment
Model Description
Phase 1b was an open-label, single-arm study. Phase 3 was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study design.
Masking
ParticipantInvestigator
Allocation
Randomized
Enrollment
713 (Actual)

8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions

Arm Title
Phase 1b: Talimogene Laherparepvec + Pembrolizumab
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
Participants received talimogene laherparepvec at an initial dose of up to 4 mL 10⁶ plaque-forming units (PFU)/mL by intralesional injection. Subsequent doses of talimogene laherparepvec at up to 4 mL of 10⁸ PFU/mL began 3 weeks after the first dose and were administered every 2 weeks until disappearance of injectable lesions, complete response (CR), confirmed disease progression (PD) per modified Immune-related Response Criteria (irRC), intolerance of study treatment, 24 months from the date of the first dose of pembrolizumab, or end of study, whichever occurred first. Participants also received 200 mg pembrolizumab administered intravenously every 2 weeks starting at the time of the third dose of talimogene laherparepvec (week 6) until confirmed PD per modified irRC, treatment intolerance, 24 months from the first dose, or end of study, whichever occurred first.
Arm Title
Phase 3 : Placebo + Pembrolizumab
Arm Type
Placebo Comparator
Arm Description
Participants received up to 4 mL placebo to talimogene laherparepvec by intralesional injection on day 1 of week 0. Subsequent doses of placebo (up to 4 mL) began 3 weeks after the first dose and were administered every 2 weeks until the fifth injection (week 9), and then synchronously with pembrolizumab thereafter every 3 weeks until disappearance of injectable lesions, complete response per modified Immune-related Response Criteria simulating Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (irRC-RECIST) (iCR), confirmed iPD per modified irRC-RECIST, intolerance of study treatment, 24 months from the date of the first dose of placebo, or end of study, whichever occurred first. Participants also received 200 mg pembrolizumab administered intravenously every 3 weeks starting on day 1 of week 0, until confirmed iPD per modified irRC-RECIST, treatment intolerance, 24 months from the first dose, or end of study, whichever occurred first.
Arm Title
Phase 3: Talimogene Laherparepvec + Pembrolizumab
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
Participants received talimogene laherparepvec at an initial dose of up to 4 mL 10⁶ PFU/mL by intralesional injection on day 1. Subsequent doses of talimogene laherparepvec at 10⁸ PFU/mL (up to 4 mL) began 3 weeks after the first dose and were administered every 2 weeks until the fifth injection of talimogene laherparepvec (week 9), and then synchronously with pembrolizumab thereafter every 3 weeks until disappearance of injectable lesions, iCR, confirmed iPD per modified irRC-RECIST, intolerance of study treatment, 24 months from the date of the first dose of talimogene laherparepvec, or end of study, whichever occurred first. Participants also received 200 mg pembrolizumab administered intravenously every 3 weeks starting on day 1 of week 0, until confirmed iPD per modified irRC-RECIST, treatment intolerance, 24 months from the first dose, or end of study, whichever occurred first.
Intervention Type
Drug
Intervention Name(s)
Talimogene Laherparepvec
Other Intervention Name(s)
IMLYGIC®, OncoVEX^GM-CSF, T-VEC
Intervention Description
Talimogene laherparepvec administered by intratumoral injection
Intervention Type
Drug
Intervention Name(s)
Pembrolizumab
Other Intervention Name(s)
MK-3475, Keytruda®
Intervention Description
Administered at a dose of 200 mg as an intravenous infusion over approximately 30 minutes.
Intervention Type
Drug
Intervention Name(s)
Placebo
Intervention Description
Administered by intratumoral injection
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Phase 1b: Number of Participants With Dose-limiting Toxicities (DLTs)
Description
A DLT was defined as any toxicity related to study drug which met any of the following criteria based on Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0: Grade 4 non-hematologic toxicity. Grade 3 or higher pneumonitis. Grade 3 non-hematologic toxicity lasting > 3 days despite optimal supportive care, excluding grade 3 fatigue. Any grade 3 or higher non-hematologic laboratory value if medical intervention was required, or the abnormality lead to hospitalization, or the abnormality persisted for > 1 week. Febrile neutropenia grade 3 or grade 4. Thrombocytopenia < 25 x 10^9/L if associated with a bleeding event which does not result in hemodynamic instability but required an elective platelet infusion, or a life-threatening bleeding event which resulted in urgent intervention and admission to intensive care unit. Grade 5 toxicity (ie, death). Any other intolerable toxicity leading to permanent discontinuation of talimogene laherparepvec or pembrolizumab.
Time Frame
The DLT evaluation period was 6 weeks from the initial administration of pembrolizumab (week 6 to 12).
Title
Phase 3: Progression Free Survival (PFS) by Blinded Independent Central Review (BICR) Assessed Using Modified RECIST 1.1
Description
PFS per modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1 is defined as the interval from randomization to the earlier event of progressive disease (PD) per modified RECIST 1.1 or death from any cause. PD: Increase in size of target lesions from nadir by ≥ 20% and ≥ 5 mm absolute increase above nadir, or the appearance of a new lesion. Median PFS was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Participants without an event were censored at their last evaluable tumor assessment if available; otherwise on their randomization date. The primary analysis of PFS was specified to be conducted when 407 PFS events had occurred (data cut-off date 02 March 2020).
Time Frame
From randomization until the data-cut-off date of 02 March 2020; median (range) time on follow-up was 25.5 (0.6, 44.7) months in the Placebo + Pembrolizumab arm and 25.6 (0.3, 45.8) months in the Talimogene Laherparepvec + Pembrolizumab arm.
Title
Phase 3: Overall Survival
Description
Overall survival (OS) is defined as the interval from randomization to death from any cause. Median overall survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Participants without an event were censored at their last known alive date.
Time Frame
From randomization until the end of study; median (range) time on follow-up was 34.8 (0.6, 58.3) months in the Placebo + Pembrolizumab arm and 36.8 (0.3, 58.4) months in the Talimogene Laherparepvec + Pembrolizumab arm.
Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Phase 1b: Objective Response Rate (ORR)
Description
ORR is defined as the percentage of participants with a best overall response of complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) using the modified Immune-related Response Criteria (irRC), by Investigator assessment. CR was defined as the disappearance of all lesions; PR was defined as a decrease in tumor area ≥ 50% relative to baseline, response must have been confirmed by a second, consecutive assessment at least 4 weeks apart. Radiographic imaging for assessment of lesions was performed using computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or ultrasound. Clinical measurement of cutaneous, subcutaneous, and palpable nodal tumor lesions was conducted with calipers.
Time Frame
Tumor assessments were performed at week 6 (prior to initiation of pembrolizumab), week 18, and every 12 weeks thereafter until confirmed PD or start of new anticancer treatment; median (range) time on follow-up was 58.6 (1.4, 61.6) months.
Title
Phase 1b: Best Overall Response (BOR)
Description
Best overall response is defined as the best overall visit response in the following order: CR, PR, stable disease (SD), progressive disease (PD), or unevaluable (UE), based on investigator assessment using the modified irRC up to the start of any subsequent anti-cancer therapy. CR was defined as the disappearance of all lesions; PR was defined as a decrease in tumor area ≥ 50% relative to baseline; PD was defined as an increase in tumor area ≥ 25% relative to nadir; and SD was defined as any outcome not meeting the criteria for response or PD with ≥ 77 days elapsed after enrollment. Responses and PD must have been confirmed by a second, consecutive assessment at least 4 weeks apart.
Time Frame
Tumor assessments were performed at week 6 (prior to initiation of pembrolizumab), week 18, and every 12 weeks thereafter until confirmed PD or start of new anticancer treatment; median (range) time on follow-up was 58.6 (1.4, 61.6) months.
Title
Phase 1b: Durable Response Rate (DRR)
Description
DRR is defined as the percentage of participants with a best overall response of CR or PR using the modified irRC per Investigator assessment with a duration of response of at least 6 months. CR was defined as the disappearance of all lesions; PR was defined as a decrease in tumor area ≥ 50% relative to baseline, response must have been confirmed by a second, consecutive assessment at least 4 weeks apart.
Time Frame
Tumor assessments were performed at week 6 (prior to initiation of pembrolizumab), week 18, and every 12 weeks thereafter until confirmed PD or start of new anticancer treatment; median (range) time on follow-up was 58.6 (1.4, 61.6) months.
Title
Phase 1b: Duration of Response (DOR)
Description
Duration of response (DOR) is defined as the time from the date of an initial response (CR or PR) that is subsequently confirmed to the earlier of confirmed PD or death. Participants who had not ended their response at the time of analysis were censored at their last evaluable tumor assessment before start of the first subsequent anticancer therapy. CR was defined as the disappearance of all lesions; PR was defined as a decrease in tumor area ≥ 50% relative to baseline; PD was defined as an increase in tumor area ≥ 25% relative to nadir. Response and PD must have been confirmed by a second, consecutive assessment at least 4 weeks apart.
Time Frame
Tumor assessments were performed at week 6 (prior to initiation of pembrolizumab), week 18, and every 12 weeks thereafter until confirmed PD or start of new anticancer treatment; median (range) time on follow-up was 58.6 (1.4, 61.6) months.
Title
Phase 1b: Disease Control Rate (DCR)
Description
DCR is defined as the percentage of participants with a best overall response of CR, PR, or SD using the modified irRC per Investigator assessment. CR was defined as the disappearance of all lesions; PR was defined as a decrease in tumor area ≥ 50% relative to baseline, response must have been confirmed by a second, consecutive assessment at least 4 weeks apart; and SD was defined as any outcome not meeting the criteria for response or PD with ≥ 84 days elapsed after enrollment.
Time Frame
Tumor assessments were performed at week 6 (prior to initiation of pembrolizumab), week 18, and every 12 weeks thereafter until confirmed PD or start of new anticancer treatment; median (range) time on follow-up was 58.6 (1.4, 61.6) months.
Title
Phase 1b: Progression-free Survival (PFS)
Description
Progression-free survival is defined as the time from first dose to the earlier event of confirmed PD per modified irRC or death from any cause. PFS was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Participants without an event were censored at their last evaluable tumor assessment.
Time Frame
From first dose until the end of study; median (range) time on follow-up was 70.6 (1.4, 74.5) months.
Title
Phase 1b: Overall Survival (OS)
Description
Overall survival is defined as the interval from first dose to death from any cause. OS was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Participants without an event were censored at their last known alive date.
Time Frame
From first dose until the end of study; median (range) time on follow-up was 70.6 (1.4, 74.5) months.
Title
Phase 3: Complete Response Rate Assessed Using Modified irRC-RECIST (iCRR)
Description
Complete response rate per modified Immune-related Response Criteria (irRC) simulating RECIST 1.1 (irRC-RECIST) is defined as the percentage of participants with a best overall response of complete response assessed using the modified irRC-RECIST (iCR) evaluated by blinded independent central review. iCR: Disappearance of all lesions (whether measurable or not and whether baseline or new) and confirmation by a repeat, consecutive assessment at least 4 weeks after the criteria were first met. Any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have reduction in short axis to <10 mm. Modifications to the irRC-RECIST 1.1 included an increase in the total number of target lesions and new measurable lesions to 10 with a maximum of 5 target lesions per organ, and target lesions must have been measurable by CT or MRI only.
Time Frame
Tumor assessments were performed every 12 weeks after initiation of treatment until confirmed PD or start of new anticancer treatment; median (range) time on follow-up was 30.6 (0.6, 53.0) months and 31.4 (0.3, 52.5) months in each group, respectively.
Title
Phase 3: Progression Free Survival Assessed Using Modified irRC-RECIST (iPFS)
Description
PFS per modified irRC-RECIST is defined as the interval from randomization to the earlier event of progressive disease assessed by modified irRC-RECIST (iPD) evaluated by blinded independent central review, or death from any cause. iPD: Increase in tumor burden ≥ 20% and at least 5 mm absolute increase relative to nadir (minimum recorded tumor burden) confirmed by a repeat, consecutive assessment at least 4 weeks after the initial detection. Median iPFS was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Participants without an event were censored at their last evaluable tumor assessment if available; otherwise on their randomization date. The primary analysis of iPFS was specified to be conducted when 256 iPFS events had occurred (data cut-off date 29 September 2020).
Time Frame
From randomization until the data cut-off date of 29 September 2020; median time on follow-up was 30.6 (0.6, 53.0) months in the Placebo + Pembrolizumab arm and 31.4 (0.3, 52.5) months in the Talimogene Laherparepvec + Pembrolizumab arm.
Title
Phase 3: Overall Survival Excluding Stage IVM1c Participants
Description
Overall survival is defined as the interval from randomization to death from any cause. Median OS was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Participants without an event were censored at the last known alive date.
Time Frame
From randomization until the end of study; median (range) time on follow-up was 34.8 (0.6, 58.3) months in the Placebo + Pembrolizumab arm and 36.8 (0.3, 58.4) months in the Talimogene Laherparepvec + Pembrolizumab arm.
Title
Phase 3: Objective Response Rate Assessed Using Modified RECIST 1.1
Description
ORR is defined as the percentage of participants with a best overall response of complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) assessed using modified RECIST version 1.1, evaluated by blinded independent central review. CR was defined as the disappearance of all lesions except lymph node short axis < 10 mm; PR was defined as a ≥ 30% reduction in sum of diameters in target lesions. Confirmation of CR or PR was not required. Modifications to conventional RECIST 1.1 included the following: target lesions were measurable on CT or MRI; otherwise, they were considered as nontarget lesions. A maximum of 10 target lesions was allowed with up to 5 per organ.
Time Frame
Tumor assessments were performed every 12 weeks after initiation of treatment until confirmed PD or start of new anticancer treatment; median (range) time on follow-up was 30.6 (0.6, 53.0) months and 31.4 (0.3, 52.5) months in each group, respectively.
Title
Phase 3: Best Overall Response Assessed Using Modified RECIST 1.1
Description
BOR is defined as the best overall visit response up to and including the first overall visit response of PD in the following order: CR, PR, SD, non-CR/Non-PD (NN), PD or UE per modified RECIST 1.1, evaluated by BICR. CR: Disappearance of all lesions except lymph node short axis < 10 mm; PR: ≥ 30% reduction in sum of diameters in target lesions. Confirmation of CR or PR was not required; NN: Persistence of ≥ 1 non-target lesions and/or maintenance of tumor marker level above normal limits; SD: Neither sufficient shrinkage of target lesions to qualify for CR or PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for PD and ≥ 84 days from randomization; PD: Increase from nadir by ≥ 20% or ≥ 5 mm of target lesions or any new lesion; Missing: No postbaseline assessment, or assessments on or after the start of first subsequent anticancer therapy, including complete or partial removal/reduction of any target lesion which contained melanoma on pathology evaluation or pathology results were unknown.
Time Frame
Tumor assessments were performed every 12 weeks after initiation of treatment until confirmed PD or start of new anticancer treatment; median (range) time on follow-up was 30.6 (0.6, 53.0) months and 31.4 (0.3, 52.5) months in each group, respectively.
Title
Phase 3: Durable Response Rate (DRR) Assessed Using Modified RECIST 1.1
Description
DRR is defined as the percentage of participants with a CR or PR per modified RECIST 1.1 evaluated by blinded independent central review, with a duration of response of ≥ 6 months. CR was defined as the disappearance of all lesions except lymph node short axis < 10 mm; PR was defined as a ≥ 30% reduction in sum of diameters in target lesions. Confirmation of CR or PR was not required.
Time Frame
Tumor assessments were performed every 12 weeks after initiation of treatment until confirmed PD or start of new anticancer treatment; median (range) time on follow-up was 30.6 (0.6, 53.0) months and 31.4 (0.3, 52.5) months in each group, respectively.
Title
Phase 3: Duration of Response (DOR) Assessed Using Modified RECIST 1.1
Description
Duration of response (DOR) is defined as the time from the date of an initial response of CR or PR to the earlier of PD per modified RECIST 1.1, or death. Participants who had not ended their response at the time of analysis were censored at their last evaluable tumor assessment date before start of the first subsequent anticancer therapy. CR was defined as the disappearance of all lesions except lymph node short axis < 10 mm; PR was defined as a ≥ 30% reduction in sum of diameters in target lesions. Confirmation of CR or PR was not required. PD was defined as an increase from nadir by ≥ 20% or ≥ 5 mm absolute increase above nadir of target lesions or appearance of any new lesion.
Time Frame
From randomization until the data cut-off date of 29 September 2020; median time on follow-up was 30.6 (0.6, 53.0) months in the Placebo + Pembrolizumab arm and 31.4 (0.3, 52.5) months in the Talimogene Laherparepvec + Pembrolizumab arm.
Title
Phase 3: Disease Control Rate (DCR) Assessed Using RECIST 1.1
Description
Disease control rate (DCR) per modified RECIST 1.1 is defined as the percentage of participants with a best overall response of CR, PR or SD evaluated by blinded independent central review. CR was defined as the disappearance of all lesions except lymph node short axis < 10 mm; PR was defined as a ≥ 30% reduction in sum of diameters in target lesions. Confirmation of CR or PR was not required. SD was defined as neither sufficient shrinkage of target lesions to qualify for CR or PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for PD with ≥ 84 days elapsed after randomization.
Time Frame
Tumor assessments were performed every 12 weeks after initiation of treatment until confirmed PD or start of new anticancer treatment; median (range) time on follow-up was 30.6 (0.6, 53.0) months and 31.4 (0.3, 52.5) months in each group, respectively.
Title
Phase 3: Objective Response Rate Assessed Using Modified irRC-RECIST (iORR)
Description
Objective response rate per modified irRC-RECIST is defined as the percentage of participants with a best overall response of iCR or partial response assessed using modified irRC-RECIST (iPR) evaluated by blinded independent central review. iCR: Disappearance of all lesions (whether measurable or not and whether baseline or new) and confirmation by a repeat, consecutive assessment at least 4 weeks from the date first documented. Any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have reduction in short axis to <10 mm. iPR: Decrease in tumor burden ≥ 30% relative to baseline confirmed by a consecutive assessment at least 4 weeks after first documentation. Modifications to the irRC-RECIST 1.1 included an increase in the total number of target lesions and new measurable lesions to 10 with a maximum of 5 target lesions per organ, and target lesions must be measurable by CT or MRI only.
Time Frame
Tumor assessments were performed every 12 weeks after initiation of treatment until confirmed PD or start of new anticancer treatment; median (range) time on follow-up was 30.6 (0.6, 53.0) months and 31.4 (0.3, 52.5) months in each group, respectively.
Title
Phase 3: Best Overall Response Assessed Using Modified irRC-RECIST
Description
BOR is defined as the best overall visit response in the following order: iCR, iPR, stable disease per modified irRC-RECIST (iSD), iPD, or UE per modified irRC-RECIST (iUE), evaluated by BICR. iCR: Disappearance of all lesions confirmed by consecutive assessment ≥ 4 weeks from the date first documented. Reduction of any pathological lymph node to <10 mm. iPR: Decrease in tumor burden ≥ 30% relative to baseline confirmed ≥ 4 weeks after first documentation. iPD: Increase in tumor burden ≥ 20 % and at least 5 mm absolute increase relative to nadir confirmed ≥ 4 weeks from initial detection. iSD: Neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for iCR or iPR nor sufficient increase to qualify for iPD and ≥ 84 days from randomization. Missing: No postbaseline assessment, or assessments after start of first subsequent anticancer therapy, including complete or partial removal/reduction of any target lesion which contained melanoma on pathology evaluation or pathology results were unknown.
Time Frame
Tumor assessments were performed every 12 weeks after initiation of treatment until confirmed PD or start of new anticancer treatment; median (range) time on follow-up was 30.6 (0.6, 53.0) months and 31.4 (0.3, 52.5) months in each group, respectively.
Title
Phase 3: Durable Response Rate Assessed Using Modified irRC-RECIST (iDRR)
Description
Durable response rate per modified irRC-RECIST is defined as the percentage of participants with a best overall response of iCR or iPR per modified irRC-RECIST evaluated by blinded independent central review with a duration of response ≥ 6 months. iCR: Disappearance of all lesions (whether measurable or not and whether baseline or new) and confirmation by a repeat, consecutive assessment at least 4 weeks from the date first documented. Any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have reduction in short axis to <10 mm. iPR: Decrease in tumor burden ≥ 30% relative to baseline confirmed by a consecutive assessment at least 4 weeks after first documentation.
Time Frame
Tumor assessments were performed every 12 weeks after initiation of treatment until confirmed PD or start of new anticancer treatment; median (range) time on follow-up was 30.6 (0.6, 53.0) months and 31.4 (0.3, 52.5) months in each group, respectively.
Title
Phase 3: Duration of Response Assessed Using Modified irRC-RECIST (iDOR)
Description
Duration of response per modified irRC-RECIST is defined as the time from the date of an initial response of iCR or iPR that was subsequently confirmed to the earlier of iPD per modified irRC-RECIST evaluated by blinded independent central review, or death. Participants who had not ended their response at the time of analysis were censored at their last evaluable tumor assessment date before the start of the first subsequent anticancer therapy. iCR: Disappearance of all lesions (whether measurable or not and whether baseline or new) and confirmation by a repeat, consecutive assessment at least 4 weeks from the date first documented. Any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have reduction in short axis to <10 mm. iPR: Decrease in tumor burden ≥ 30% relative to baseline confirmed by a consecutive assessment at least 4 weeks after first documentation.
Time Frame
From randomization until the data cut-off date of 29 September 2020; median time on follow-up was 30.6 (0.6, 53.0) months in the Placebo + Pembrolizumab arm and 31.4 (0.3, 52.5) months in the Talimogene Laherparepvec + Pembrolizumab arm.
Title
Phase 3: Disease Control Rate Assessed Using Modified irRC-RECIST (iDCR)
Description
Disease control rate per modified irRC-RECIST is defined as the percentage of participants with a best overall response of iCR, iCR, or iSD assessed using modified irRC-RECIST evaluated by blinded independent central review. iCR: Disappearance of all lesions (whether measurable or not and whether baseline or new) and confirmation by a repeat, consecutive assessment at least 4 weeks from the date first documented. Any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have reduction in short axis to <10 mm. iPR: Decrease in tumor burden ≥ 30% relative to baseline confirmed by a consecutive assessment at least 4 weeks after first documentation. iSD: Neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for iCR or iPR nor sufficient increase to qualify for iPD with ≥ 84 days elapsed after randomization.
Time Frame
Tumor assessments were performed every 12 weeks after initiation of treatment until confirmed PD or start of new anticancer treatment; median (range) time on follow-up was 30.6 (0.6, 53.0) months and 31.4 (0.3, 52.5) months in each group, respectively.
Title
Phase 3: Change From Baseline in European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Module (EORTC QLQ-C30) Global Health Status (GHS)/Quality of Life (QOL) Score
Description
The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-C30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) is a 30-question tool used to assess the overall quality of life in cancer patients. It consists of 15 domains: 1 global health status/quality of life scale, 5 functional scales, and 9 symptom scales/items. The global health/QoL scale consists of 2 questions that ask participants to rate their overall health and overall quality of life during the past week on a scale from 1 (very poor) to 7 (excellent). The GHS/QoL subscale score was derived as the mean of each score then transformed to a scale from 0 to 100 where higher scores represent a better health status and a positive change from baseline indicates improvement. The overall change from baseline (calculated from all on-treatment visits) was calculated using a restricted maximum likelihood-based mixed model for repeated measures (MMRM) (see model details in statistical analysis section).
Time Frame
Baseline and day 1 of weeks 3, 6, 9, 12, then every 6 weeks until end of study treatment; median (range) duration of treatment was 39.0 (0.1, 107.3) weeks in Placebo + Pembrolizumab and 54.1 (0.1, 109.6) weeks in Talimogene Laherparepvec + Pembrolizumab.
Title
Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs)
Description
An adverse event (AE) is any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical trial subject, including worsening of a pre-existing medical condition. The event does not necessarily have a causal relationship with study treatment. TEAEs include AEs from the first dose of study drug to 30 days after the last dose. A serious adverse event (SAE) is an AE that met at least 1 of the following criteria: fatal life threatening required in-patient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization resulted in persistent or significant disability/incapacity congenital anomaly/birth defect other medically important serious event. Treatment-emergent SAEs are any SAE occurring from first dose of study drug through 90 days after the last dose or 30 days after the last dose if new anticancer therapy was started, whichever was earlier. AEs were graded for severity using CTCAE version 4.0, where Grade 1 = Mild; Grade 2 = Moderate; Grade 3 = Severe; Grade 4 = Life-threatening; Grade 5 = Fatal.
Time Frame
From first dose to 30 days after last dose (90 days for SAEs); median (range) duration was 48 (5.1, 110.1) weeks in Phase 1b, 39 (0.1, 107.3) weeks in Placebo + Pembrolizumab and 56 (0.1, 109.6) weeks in Phase 3 Talimogene Laherparepvec + Pembrolizumab.

10. Eligibility

Sex
All
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
18 Years
Maximum Age & Unit of Time
95 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Eligibility Criteria
Key Inclusion Criteria: Age ≥ 18 years with histologically confirmed diagnosis of melanoma and stage IIIB to IVM1c for whom surgery is not recommended. Subjects must have measurable disease and be a candidate for intralesional therapy administration into cutaneous, subcutaneous, or nodal lesions. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1. Adequate hematologic, hepatic, renal, and coagulation function. Subjects with serine/threonine protein kinase B-Raf V600 (BRAFV600) wild-type tumors must not have received any prior systemic anticancer treatment consisting of chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or targeted therapy given in a non-adjuvant setting for unresectable stage IIIB to IVM1c melanoma. Subjects with B-Raf V600 (BRAFV600) mutated tumors who have received prior BRAF inhibitor therapy either alone or in combination with mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor as their only prior systemic therapy are eligible. Subjects who received prior adjuvant therapy for melanoma will not be excluded (including, but not limited to, interferon, ipilimumab, limb infusion/perfusion, or use of investigational agents in the adjuvant setting) with the exception that prior adjuvant therapy with inhibitors of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) or programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is not allowed. However, if the subject received adjuvant therapy, the subject must have completed therapy at least 28 days prior to enrollment. Subjects must have a tumor sample that is adequate for PD-L1 assessment prior to randomization. Key Exclusion Criteria: Subjects must not have clinically active cerebral metastases. Subjects must not have primary uveal or mucosal melanoma, history or evidence of melanoma associated with immunodeficiency states or history of other malignancy within the past 3 years. Subjects may not have been previously treated with talimogene laherparepvec, any other oncolytic virus, pembrolizumab, or any other inhibitor of PD-1, PD-L1, or PD-L2. Subjects must not have history or evidence of symptomatic autoimmune pneumonitis, glomerulonephritis, vasculitis, other symptomatic autoimmune disease, documented history of autoimmune disease or syndrome requiring systemic treatment in the past 2 years (ie, with use of disease modifying agents, steroids or immunosuppressive agents) except vitiligo or resolved childhood asthma/atopy, or evidence of clinically significant immunosuppression. Subjects must not have active herpetic skin lesions or prior complications of herpetic infection and must not require intermittent or chronic treatment with an antiherpetic drug (eg, acyclovir), other than intermittent topical use.
Overall Study Officials:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
MD
Organizational Affiliation
Amgen
Official's Role
Study Director
Facility Information:
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Birmingham
State/Province
Alabama
ZIP/Postal Code
35243
Country
United States
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Mobile
State/Province
Alabama
ZIP/Postal Code
36608
Country
United States
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Beverly Hills
State/Province
California
ZIP/Postal Code
90211
Country
United States
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Duarte
State/Province
California
ZIP/Postal Code
91010
Country
United States
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Encinitas
State/Province
California
ZIP/Postal Code
92024
Country
United States
Facility Name
Research Site
City
La Jolla
State/Province
California
ZIP/Postal Code
92037
Country
United States
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Los Angeles
State/Province
California
ZIP/Postal Code
90024
Country
United States
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Los Angeles
State/Province
California
ZIP/Postal Code
90025
Country
United States
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Riverside
State/Province
California
ZIP/Postal Code
92505
Country
United States
Facility Name
Research Site
City
San Francisco
State/Province
California
ZIP/Postal Code
94115
Country
United States
Facility Name
Research Site
City
San Francisco
State/Province
California
ZIP/Postal Code
94117
Country
United States
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Santa Monica
State/Province
California
ZIP/Postal Code
90404
Country
United States
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Miami Beach
State/Province
Florida
ZIP/Postal Code
33140
Country
United States
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Miami
State/Province
Florida
ZIP/Postal Code
33136
Country
United States
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Orlando
State/Province
Florida
ZIP/Postal Code
32806
Country
United States
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Atlanta
State/Province
Georgia
ZIP/Postal Code
30322
Country
United States
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Chicago
State/Province
Illinois
ZIP/Postal Code
60611
Country
United States
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Chicago
State/Province
Illinois
ZIP/Postal Code
60637
Country
United States
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Louisville
State/Province
Kentucky
ZIP/Postal Code
40202
Country
United States
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Baltimore
State/Province
Maryland
ZIP/Postal Code
21237
Country
United States
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Boston
State/Province
Massachusetts
ZIP/Postal Code
02215
Country
United States
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Detroit
State/Province
Michigan
ZIP/Postal Code
48201
Country
United States
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Fridley
State/Province
Minnesota
ZIP/Postal Code
55432
Country
United States
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Saint Louis
State/Province
Missouri
ZIP/Postal Code
63110-1093
Country
United States
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Hackensack
State/Province
New Jersey
ZIP/Postal Code
07601
Country
United States
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Buffalo
State/Province
New York
ZIP/Postal Code
14263
Country
United States
Facility Name
Research Site
City
New York
State/Province
New York
ZIP/Postal Code
10016
Country
United States
Facility Name
Research Site
City
New York
State/Province
New York
ZIP/Postal Code
10032
Country
United States
Facility Name
Research Site
City
New York
State/Province
New York
ZIP/Postal Code
10065
Country
United States
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Cincinnati
State/Province
Ohio
ZIP/Postal Code
45209
Country
United States
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Cleveland
State/Province
Ohio
ZIP/Postal Code
44195
Country
United States
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Philadelphia
State/Province
Pennsylvania
ZIP/Postal Code
19107
Country
United States
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Philadelphia
State/Province
Pennsylvania
ZIP/Postal Code
19111
Country
United States
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Pittsburgh
State/Province
Pennsylvania
ZIP/Postal Code
15232
Country
United States
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Germantown
State/Province
Tennessee
ZIP/Postal Code
38138
Country
United States
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Knoxville
State/Province
Tennessee
ZIP/Postal Code
37920
Country
United States
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Nashville
State/Province
Tennessee
ZIP/Postal Code
37232
Country
United States
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Dallas
State/Province
Texas
ZIP/Postal Code
75246
Country
United States
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Murray
State/Province
Utah
ZIP/Postal Code
84107
Country
United States
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Salt Lake City
State/Province
Utah
ZIP/Postal Code
84112
Country
United States
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Seattle
State/Province
Washington
ZIP/Postal Code
98109-1023
Country
United States
Facility Name
Research Site
City
North Sydney
State/Province
New South Wales
ZIP/Postal Code
2060
Country
Australia
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Waratah
State/Province
New South Wales
ZIP/Postal Code
2298
Country
Australia
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Wollongong
State/Province
New South Wales
ZIP/Postal Code
2500
Country
Australia
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Southport
State/Province
Queensland
ZIP/Postal Code
4215
Country
Australia
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Woolloongabba
State/Province
Queensland
ZIP/Postal Code
4102
Country
Australia
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Woodville South
State/Province
South Australia
ZIP/Postal Code
5011
Country
Australia
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Geelong
State/Province
Victoria
ZIP/Postal Code
3220
Country
Australia
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Heidelberg
State/Province
Victoria
ZIP/Postal Code
3084
Country
Australia
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Melbourne
State/Province
Victoria
ZIP/Postal Code
3000
Country
Australia
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Prahran
State/Province
Victoria
ZIP/Postal Code
3181
Country
Australia
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Murdoch
State/Province
Western Australia
ZIP/Postal Code
6150
Country
Australia
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Graz
ZIP/Postal Code
8036
Country
Austria
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Innsbruck
ZIP/Postal Code
6020
Country
Austria
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Salzburg
ZIP/Postal Code
5020
Country
Austria
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Wien
ZIP/Postal Code
1090
Country
Austria
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Bruxelles
ZIP/Postal Code
1200
Country
Belgium
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Liege
ZIP/Postal Code
4000
Country
Belgium
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Edmonton
State/Province
Alberta
ZIP/Postal Code
T6G 1Z2
Country
Canada
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Kingston
State/Province
Ontario
ZIP/Postal Code
K7L 2V7
Country
Canada
Facility Name
Research Site
City
London
State/Province
Ontario
ZIP/Postal Code
N6A 4L6
Country
Canada
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Ottawa
State/Province
Ontario
ZIP/Postal Code
K1H 8L6
Country
Canada
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Toronto
State/Province
Ontario
ZIP/Postal Code
M5G 2M9
Country
Canada
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Montreal
State/Province
Quebec
ZIP/Postal Code
H3T 1E2
Country
Canada
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Quebec
ZIP/Postal Code
G1R 2J6
Country
Canada
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Brno
ZIP/Postal Code
656 53
Country
Czechia
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Olomouc
ZIP/Postal Code
775 20
Country
Czechia
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Ostrava-Poruba
ZIP/Postal Code
708 52
Country
Czechia
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Praha 10
ZIP/Postal Code
100 34
Country
Czechia
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Praha 2
ZIP/Postal Code
128 08
Country
Czechia
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Praha 8
ZIP/Postal Code
180 81
Country
Czechia
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Helsinki
ZIP/Postal Code
00290
Country
Finland
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Bordeaux Cedex
ZIP/Postal Code
33075
Country
France
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Grenoble Cedex 9
ZIP/Postal Code
38043
Country
France
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Lille
ZIP/Postal Code
59037
Country
France
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Lyon cedex 08
ZIP/Postal Code
69373
Country
France
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Marseille cedex 05
ZIP/Postal Code
13385
Country
France
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Nantes Cedex 1
ZIP/Postal Code
44093
Country
France
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Paris
ZIP/Postal Code
75010
Country
France
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Pierre Benite Cedex
ZIP/Postal Code
69495
Country
France
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Toulouse cedex 9
ZIP/Postal Code
31059
Country
France
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Vandoeuvre les Nancy
ZIP/Postal Code
54511
Country
France
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Berlin
ZIP/Postal Code
10117
Country
Germany
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Dresden
ZIP/Postal Code
01307
Country
Germany
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Erlangen
ZIP/Postal Code
91054
Country
Germany
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Essen
ZIP/Postal Code
45147
Country
Germany
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Hannover
ZIP/Postal Code
30625
Country
Germany
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Heidelberg
ZIP/Postal Code
69120
Country
Germany
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Kiel
ZIP/Postal Code
24105
Country
Germany
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Leipzig
ZIP/Postal Code
04103
Country
Germany
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Mainz
ZIP/Postal Code
55131
Country
Germany
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Mannheim
ZIP/Postal Code
68167
Country
Germany
Facility Name
Research Site
City
München
ZIP/Postal Code
80337
Country
Germany
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Regensburg
ZIP/Postal Code
93053
Country
Germany
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Tübingen
ZIP/Postal Code
72076
Country
Germany
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Würzburg
ZIP/Postal Code
97080
Country
Germany
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Athens
ZIP/Postal Code
11527
Country
Greece
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Athens
ZIP/Postal Code
18547
Country
Greece
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Heraklion - Crete
ZIP/Postal Code
71110
Country
Greece
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Ioannina
ZIP/Postal Code
45500
Country
Greece
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Thessaloniki
ZIP/Postal Code
54622
Country
Greece
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Budapest
ZIP/Postal Code
1122
Country
Hungary
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Pecs
ZIP/Postal Code
7632
Country
Hungary
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Szeged
ZIP/Postal Code
6720
Country
Hungary
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Bergamo
ZIP/Postal Code
24127
Country
Italy
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Brescia
ZIP/Postal Code
25123
Country
Italy
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Meldola FC
ZIP/Postal Code
47014
Country
Italy
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Milano
ZIP/Postal Code
20133
Country
Italy
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Milano
ZIP/Postal Code
20141
Country
Italy
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Siena
ZIP/Postal Code
53100
Country
Italy
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Seoul
ZIP/Postal Code
03722
Country
Korea, Republic of
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Seoul
ZIP/Postal Code
05505
Country
Korea, Republic of
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Amsterdam
ZIP/Postal Code
1066 CX
Country
Netherlands
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Amsterdam
ZIP/Postal Code
1081 HV
Country
Netherlands
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Groningen
ZIP/Postal Code
9713 GZ
Country
Netherlands
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Nijmegen
ZIP/Postal Code
6525 GA
Country
Netherlands
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Bielsko-Biala
ZIP/Postal Code
43-300
Country
Poland
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Bydgoszcz
ZIP/Postal Code
85-796
Country
Poland
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Gdansk
ZIP/Postal Code
80-952
Country
Poland
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Konin
ZIP/Postal Code
62-500
Country
Poland
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Krakow
ZIP/Postal Code
31-501
Country
Poland
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Poznan
ZIP/Postal Code
60-848
Country
Poland
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Poznan
ZIP/Postal Code
61-866
Country
Poland
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Szczecin
ZIP/Postal Code
71-730
Country
Poland
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Warszawa
ZIP/Postal Code
02-781
Country
Poland
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Wroclaw
ZIP/Postal Code
50-368
Country
Poland
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Almada
ZIP/Postal Code
2801-951
Country
Portugal
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Lisboa
ZIP/Postal Code
1099-023
Country
Portugal
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Lisboa
ZIP/Postal Code
1649-035
Country
Portugal
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Porto
ZIP/Postal Code
4200-072
Country
Portugal
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Moscow
ZIP/Postal Code
115478
Country
Russian Federation
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Saint-Petersburg
ZIP/Postal Code
197758
Country
Russian Federation
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Groenkloof
State/Province
Gauteng
ZIP/Postal Code
0181
Country
South Africa
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Johannesburg
State/Province
Gauteng
ZIP/Postal Code
2196
Country
South Africa
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Parktown
State/Province
Gauteng
ZIP/Postal Code
2193
Country
South Africa
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Kraaifontein
ZIP/Postal Code
7570
Country
South Africa
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Pretoria
ZIP/Postal Code
0002
Country
South Africa
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Pretoria
ZIP/Postal Code
0081
Country
South Africa
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Badalona
State/Province
Cataluña
ZIP/Postal Code
08916
Country
Spain
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Barcelona
State/Province
Cataluña
ZIP/Postal Code
08036
Country
Spain
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Valencia
State/Province
Comunidad Valenciana
ZIP/Postal Code
46014
Country
Spain
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Pamplona
State/Province
Navarra
ZIP/Postal Code
31008
Country
Spain
Facility Name
Research Site
City
San Sebastian
State/Province
País Vasco
ZIP/Postal Code
20014
Country
Spain
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Madrid
ZIP/Postal Code
28009
Country
Spain
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Madrid
ZIP/Postal Code
28046
Country
Spain
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Madrid
ZIP/Postal Code
28050
Country
Spain
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Bellinzona
ZIP/Postal Code
6500
Country
Switzerland
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Bern
ZIP/Postal Code
3010
Country
Switzerland
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Geneva 14
ZIP/Postal Code
1211
Country
Switzerland
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Lausanne
ZIP/Postal Code
1011
Country
Switzerland
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Zürich
ZIP/Postal Code
8091
Country
Switzerland
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Birmingham
ZIP/Postal Code
B15 2TH
Country
United Kingdom
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Guildford
ZIP/Postal Code
GU2 7XX
Country
United Kingdom
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Leeds
ZIP/Postal Code
LS9 7TF
Country
United Kingdom
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Leicester
ZIP/Postal Code
LE1 5WW
Country
United Kingdom
Facility Name
Research Site
City
London
ZIP/Postal Code
SE1 9RT
Country
United Kingdom
Facility Name
Research Site
City
London
ZIP/Postal Code
SW3 6JJ
Country
United Kingdom
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Manchester
ZIP/Postal Code
M20 4BX
Country
United Kingdom
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Oxford
ZIP/Postal Code
OX3 7LJ
Country
United Kingdom
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Preston
ZIP/Postal Code
PR2 9HT
Country
United Kingdom
Facility Name
Research Site
City
Southampton
ZIP/Postal Code
SO16 6YD
Country
United Kingdom

12. IPD Sharing Statement

Plan to Share IPD
Yes
IPD Sharing Plan Description
De-identified individual patient data for variables necessary to address the specific research question in an approved data sharing request
IPD Sharing Time Frame
Data sharing requests relating to this study will be considered beginning 18 months after the study has ended and either 1) the product and indication (or other new use) have been granted marketing authorization in both the US and Europe or 2) clinical development for the product and/or indication discontinues and the data will not be submitted to regulatory authorities. There is no end date for eligibility to submit a data sharing request for this study.
IPD Sharing Access Criteria
Qualified researchers may submit a request containing the research objectives, the Amgen product(s) and Amgen study/studies in scope, endpoints/outcomes of interest, statistical analysis plan, data requirements, publication plan, and qualifications of the researcher(s). In general, Amgen does not grant external requests for individual patient data for the purpose of re-evaluating safety and efficacy issues already addressed in the product labelling. Requests are reviewed by a committee of internal advisors, and if not approved, may be further arbitrated by a Data Sharing Independent Review Panel. Upon approval, information necessary to address the research question will be provided under the terms of a data sharing agreement. This may include anonymized individual patient data and/or available supporting documents, containing fragments of analysis code where provided in analysis specifications. Further details are available at the link below.
IPD Sharing URL
https://www.amgen.com/datasharing
Citations:
PubMed Identifier
28886381
Citation
Ribas A, Dummer R, Puzanov I, VanderWalde A, Andtbacka RHI, Michielin O, Olszanski AJ, Malvehy J, Cebon J, Fernandez E, Kirkwood JM, Gajewski TF, Chen L, Gorski KS, Anderson AA, Diede SJ, Lassman ME, Gansert J, Hodi FS, Long GV. Oncolytic Virotherapy Promotes Intratumoral T Cell Infiltration and Improves Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy. Cell. 2017 Sep 7;170(6):1109-1119.e10. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.08.027. Erratum In: Cell. 2018 Aug 9;174(4):1031-1032.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
28238174
Citation
Dummer R, Hoeller C, Gruter IP, Michielin O. Combining talimogene laherparepvec with immunotherapies in melanoma and other solid tumors. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2017 Jun;66(6):683-695. doi: 10.1007/s00262-017-1967-1. Epub 2017 Feb 25.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
35998300
Citation
Chesney JA, Ribas A, Long GV, Kirkwood JM, Dummer R, Puzanov I, Hoeller C, Gajewski TF, Gutzmer R, Rutkowski P, Demidov L, Arenberger P, Shin SJ, Ferrucci PF, Haydon A, Hyngstrom J, van Thienen JV, Haferkamp S, Guilera JM, Rapoport BL, VanderWalde A, Diede SJ, Anderson JR, Treichel S, Chan EL, Bhatta S, Gansert J, Hodi FS, Gogas H. Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Global Phase III Trial of Talimogene Laherparepvec Combined With Pembrolizumab for Advanced Melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2023 Jan 20;41(3):528-540. doi: 10.1200/JCO.22.00343. Epub 2022 Aug 23.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
29896663
Citation
Watanabe D, Goshima F. Oncolytic Virotherapy by HSV. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018;1045:63-84. doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-7230-7_4.
Results Reference
derived
Links:
URL
http://www.amgentrials.com
Description
AmgenTrials clinical trials website

Learn more about this trial

Pembrolizumab With Talimogene Laherparepvec or Placebo in Unresected Melanoma

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