Efficacy of H2 Receptor Antagonist in Prevention of Thienopyridine-related Peptic Ulcer

The aim of the prospective, randomized study is investigate the efficacy of H2 receptor antagonist in prevention of thienopyridine-related peptic ulcer and gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with an ulcer history. We plan to enroll 236 thienopyridine (clopidogrel or ticlopidine) users with a peptic ulcer history who don't have baseline gastroduodenal ulcers at initial endoscopy . The patients will be randomly assigned to receive either (1) famotidine (40 mg qd) plus thienopyridine used previously or (2) placebo plus thienopyridine treatment alone for 6 months. The ulcer recurrence rate between the treatment gruops will be compared.

Inclusion Criteria: The past history of gastroduodenal ulcer and underwent endoscopy for dyspeptic symptoms. thienopyridine users without baseline gastroduodenal ulcer at initial endoscopy. They are adult patients aged least 20 years of age. Exclusion Criteria: They have a history of gastric or duodenal surgery other than oversewing of a perforation. They require long-term treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. serious disease.

Savi P, Nurden P, Nurden AT, Levy-Toledano S, Herbert JM. Clopidogrel: a review of its mechanism of action. Platelets. 1998;9(3-4):251-5. doi: 10.1080/09537109876799.

Boeynaems JM, van Giezen H, Savi P, Herbert JM. P2Y receptor antagonists in thrombosis. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2005 Mar;6(3):275-82.

Yusuf S, Zhao F, Mehta SR, Chrolavicius S, Tognoni G, Fox KK; Clopidogrel in Unstable Angina to Prevent Recurrent Events Trial Investigators. Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med. 2001 Aug 16;345(7):494-502. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa010746. Erratum In: N Engl J Med 2001 Dec 6;345(23):1716. N Engl J Med 2001 Nov 15;345(20):1506.

Bhatt DL, Fox KA, Hacke W, Berger PB, Black HR, Boden WE, Cacoub P, Cohen EA, Creager MA, Easton JD, Flather MD, Haffner SM, Hamm CW, Hankey GJ, Johnston SC, Mak KH, Mas JL, Montalescot G, Pearson TA, Steg PG, Steinhubl SR, Weber MA, Brennan DM, Fabry-Ribaudo L, Booth J, Topol EJ; CHARISMA Investigators. Clopidogrel and aspirin versus aspirin alone for the prevention of atherothrombotic events. N Engl J Med. 2006 Apr 20;354(16):1706-17. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa060989. Epub 2006 Mar 12.

Mehta SR, Yusuf S, Peters RJ, Bertrand ME, Lewis BS, Natarajan MK, Malmberg K, Rupprecht H, Zhao F, Chrolavicius S, Copland I, Fox KA; Clopidogrel in Unstable angina to prevent Recurrent Events trial (CURE) Investigators. Effects of pretreatment with clopidogrel and aspirin followed by long-term therapy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: the PCI-CURE study. Lancet. 2001 Aug 18;358(9281):527-33. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(01)05701-4.

CAPRIE Steering Committee. A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). CAPRIE Steering Committee. Lancet. 1996 Nov 16;348(9038):1329-39. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(96)09457-3.

Fork FT, Lafolie P, Toth E, Lindgarde F. Gastroduodenal tolerance of 75 mg clopidogrel versus 325 mg aspirin in healthy volunteers. A gastroscopic study. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2000 May;35(5):464-9. doi: 10.1080/003655200750023705.

Ng FH, Wong SY, Chang CM, Chen WH, Kng C, Lanas AI, Wong BC. High incidence of clopidogrel-associated gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with previous peptic ulcer disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2003 Aug 15;18(4):443-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01693.x.

Chan FK, Ching JY, Hung LC, Wong VW, Leung VK, Kung NN, Hui AJ, Wu JC, Leung WK, Lee VW, Lee KK, Lee YT, Lau JY, To KF, Chan HL, Chung SC, Sung JJ. Clopidogrel versus aspirin and esomeprazole to prevent recurrent ulcer bleeding. N Engl J Med. 2005 Jan 20;352(3):238-44. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa042087.

Ma L, Elliott SN, Cirino G, Buret A, Ignarro LJ, Wallace JL. Platelets modulate gastric ulcer healing: role of endostatin and vascular endothelial growth factor release. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 May 22;98(11):6470-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.111150798. Epub 2001 May 15.

Hsu PI, Lai KH, Liu CP. Esomeprazole with clopidogrel reduces peptic ulcer recurrence, compared with clopidogrel alone, in patients with atherosclerosis. Gastroenterology. 2011 Mar;140(3):791-8. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.11.056. Epub 2010 Dec 7. Erratum In: Gastroenterology. 2011 Aug;141(2):778.

Laine L, Hennekens C. Proton pump inhibitor and clopidogrel interaction: fact or fiction? Am J Gastroenterol. 2010 Jan;105(1):34-41. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2009.638. Epub 2009 Nov 10.

Sibbing D, Kastrati A. Risk of combining PPIs with thienopyridines: fact or fiction? Lancet. 2009 Sep 19;374(9694):952-954. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61562-2. Epub 2009 Aug 31. No abstract available.

Gilard M, Arnaud B, Cornily JC, Le Gal G, Lacut K, Le Calvez G, Mansourati J, Mottier D, Abgrall JF, Boschat J. Influence of omeprazole on the antiplatelet action of clopidogrel associated with aspirin: the randomized, double-blind OCLA (Omeprazole CLopidogrel Aspirin) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008 Jan 22;51(3):256-60. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.06.064.

Simon T, Verstuyft C, Mary-Krause M, Quteineh L, Drouet E, Meneveau N, Steg PG, Ferrieres J, Danchin N, Becquemont L; French Registry of Acute ST-Elevation and Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (FAST-MI) Investigators. Genetic determinants of response to clopidogrel and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2009 Jan 22;360(4):363-75. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0808227. Epub 2008 Dec 22.

Ho PM, Maddox TM, Wang L, Fihn SD, Jesse RL, Peterson ED, Rumsfeld JS. Risk of adverse outcomes associated with concomitant use of clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitors following acute coronary syndrome. JAMA. 2009 Mar 4;301(9):937-44. doi: 10.1001/jama.2009.261.

Juurlink DN, Gomes T, Ko DT, Szmitko PE, Austin PC, Tu JV, Henry DA, Kopp A, Mamdani MM. A population-based study of the drug interaction between proton pump inhibitors and clopidogrel. CMAJ. 2009 Mar 31;180(7):713-8. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.082001. Epub 2009 Jan 28.

Taha AS, Hudson N, Hawkey CJ, Swannell AJ, Trye PN, Cottrell J, Mann SG, Simon TJ, Sturrock RD, Russell RI. Famotidine for the prevention of gastric and duodenal ulcers caused by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. N Engl J Med. 1996 May 30;334(22):1435-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199605303342204.

Hudson N, Taha AS, Russell RI, Trye P, Cottrell J, Mann SG, Swanell AJ, Sturrock RD, Hawkey CJ. Famotidine for healing and maintenance in nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-associated gastroduodenal ulceration. Gastroenterology. 1997 Jun;112(6):1817-22. doi: 10.1053/gast.1997.v112.pm9178671.

Taha AS, Dahill S, Morran C, Hudson N, Hawkey CJ, Lee FD, Sturrock RD, Russell RI. Neutrophils, Helicobacter pylori, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ulcers. Gastroenterology. 1999 Feb;116(2):254-8. doi: 10.1016/s0016-5085(99)70120-4.

Taha AS, McCloskey C, Prasad R, Bezlyak V. Famotidine for the prevention of peptic ulcers and oesophagitis in patients taking low-dose aspirin (FAMOUS): a phase III, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2009 Jul 11;374(9684):119-25. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61246-0. Epub 2009 Jul 3.

Ng FH, Wong SY, Lam KF, Chu WM, Chan P, Ling YH, Kng C, Yuen WC, Lau YK, Kwan A, Wong BC. Famotidine is inferior to pantoprazole in preventing recurrence of aspirin-related peptic ulcers or erosions. Gastroenterology. 2010 Jan;138(1):82-8. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.09.063. Epub 2009 Nov 11.

Hsu PI, Lai KH, Wu CJ, Tseng HH, Tsay FW, Peng NJ, Chen TA, Chuah SK, Lin WS, Lo GH. High-dose versus low-dose esomeprazole-based triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection. Eur J Clin Invest. 2007 Sep;37(9):724-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2007.01852.x.