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Analysis of Adenosine on Sinus and Atrioventricular Nodal Conduction in the Pediatric Transplanted Heart

Primary Purpose

Sinus Bradycardia, Atrioventricular Block

Status
Completed
Phase
Phase 1
Locations
United States
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
Adenosine
Cardiac catheterization
Sponsored by
Columbia University
About
Eligibility
Locations
Arms
Outcomes
Full info

About this trial

This is an interventional treatment trial for Sinus Bradycardia focused on measuring Heart transplant, Adenosine, Pediatrics

Eligibility Criteria

6 Months - 25 Years (Child, Adult)All SexesDoes not accept healthy volunteers

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Patients who have undergone a heart transplantation and who receive their routine care at the Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital of New York, Columbia University Medical Center

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients admitted to the inpatient heart failure team
  • Patients present for their first outpatient catheterization after new transplant
  • Abnormal hemodynamics concerning for acute rejection
  • Patients present for follow up of rejection (last biopsy positive)
  • Ingested methylxanthine-containing foods that day
  • Patients taking oral dipyridamole and did not discontinue it 3 days prior to testing
  • Prior transplant history of coronary artery vasculopathy with this allograft or concern for abnormal coronary vasculature by angiography on the day of the catheterization
  • Patients taking carbamazepine (may potentiate adenosine effect)
  • Patients with known conduction disease (first, second or third degree atrioventricular block) and/or with pre-existing sinus node dysfunction (based on pre-existing ECG, Holter or inpatient telemetry)
  • Patients/guardians unable to give consent in English

Sites / Locations

  • Columbia University Medical Center

Arms of the Study

Arm 1

Arm Type

Experimental

Arm Label

Adenosine

Arm Description

After cardiac catheterization, the study protocol will begin with 12.5µg/kg of adenosine (one eighth the recommended starting clinical dose), and will double to 25µg/kg, 50µg/kg, 100µg/kg and finally 200µg/kg (not to surpass the total maximum dose of 12mg). A pacing catheter will be placed within the right ventricle prior to medication administration. Escalating doses will stop if ventricular pacing is required due to a ventricular pause greater than 12 seconds or if atrioventricular block is demonstrated with a ventricular pause less than 12 seconds. If there is no prolonged pause requiring pacing and no demonstration of medication effect the subsequent dose will be given.

Outcomes

Primary Outcome Measures

Incidence of sinus bradycardia or atrioventricular block with low-dose adenosine administration that is greater than 12 seconds and requires hemodynamic intervention (ventricular escape pacing).

Secondary Outcome Measures

Prevalence of inducing atrioventricular block (defined as a single non-conducted P wave) at adenosine doses lower than suggested starting dose (100µg/kg) in PALS algorithm.

Full Information

First Posted
February 26, 2015
Last Updated
February 6, 2018
Sponsor
Columbia University
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1. Study Identification

Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT02462941
Brief Title
Analysis of Adenosine on Sinus and Atrioventricular Nodal Conduction in the Pediatric Transplanted Heart
Official Title
Prospective Analysis of Low-Dose Adenosine on Sinus and Atrioventricular Nodal Conduction in the Pediatric Transplanted Heart
Study Type
Interventional

2. Study Status

Record Verification Date
February 2018
Overall Recruitment Status
Completed
Study Start Date
July 2015 (undefined)
Primary Completion Date
April 2016 (Actual)
Study Completion Date
July 2017 (Actual)

3. Sponsor/Collaborators

Responsible Party, by Official Title
Principal Investigator
Name of the Sponsor
Columbia University

4. Oversight

Data Monitoring Committee
No

5. Study Description

Brief Summary
Heart transplants save the lives of nearly 500 children in heart failure per year. Columbia is one of the largest pediatric heart transplant centers in the world, averaging 25 transplants per year, and providing ongoing care to nearly 250 children with transplanted hearts. After transplant, children are at increased risk to develop sudden onset of abnormally fast heart rates. This research project will study adenosine, a medication that is routinely used to slow fast heart rates in non-transplanted children (i.e. normal hearts), and its effects on the transplanted heart. Adenosine is often not used in patients with transplanted hearts because, based on prior limited research in adult patients, the standard adult dose may have a longer medication effect, producing a slower heart rate for an undesirable period of time. However, the current alternatives to adenosine treatment are either inappropriate for the pediatric age range, or have increased risk of unwanted side effects. This research project will answer two questions: is adenosine safe to give a child who has had a heart transplant, and will it be effective in treating the fast heart rate? All pediatric heart transplant patients undergo regular heart testing, known as a cardiac catheterization, one or more times per year. Three days before testing, participants will be asked to stop a regular medication, dipyridamole, because it slows the breakdown of adenosine in the body, and may increase its effects. (Of note, all patients that are on dipyridamole are also on aspirin, which gives a second line of heart protection, and will not be stopped.) After regular cardiac catheterization, all patients will already have intravenous (IV) access to give medication. Also, this setting allows the opportunity to have a back-up pacing catheter in the heart, ensuring that there will not be a longer than desired effect from the medication. Adenosine will be given per a low-dose protocol until either the medication effect is seen or the maximum dose is reached. There will be no difference in procedure recovery period time, and patients will resume regular home medications after finishing the test. As Columbia is one of largest pediatric heart transplant centers in the world, studying the effects of adenosine at low doses will benefit the investigators population greatly, either to find a new recommended medication dose, or to provide evidence that this medication is truly inadvisable for the investigators patients. The initial study was completed with all 80 patients enrolled and tested. Subsequent testing is now ongoing on patients in whom dipyridamole was stopped prior to their initial testing with a repeat study without discontinuing the dipyridamole. We anticipate re-testing about 30 of the 80 patients.
Detailed Description
After cardiac catheterization, the study protocol will begin with 12.5µg/kg of adenosine (one eighth the recommended starting clinical dose), and will double to 25µg/kg, 50µg/kg, 100µg/kg and finally 200µg/kg (not to surpass the total maximum dose of 12mg). A pacing catheter will be placed within the right ventricle prior to medication administration. Escalating doses will stop if ventricular pacing is required due to a ventricular pause greater than 12 seconds or if atrioventricular block is demonstrated with a ventricular pause less than 12 seconds. If there is no prolonged pause requiring pacing and no demonstration of medication effect the subsequent dose will be given. Progression to the next dose of the adenosine will depend on both the primary and secondary study outcomes. If the adenosine dose produces clinically significant bradycardia (> 12 seconds), ventricular pacing will be used to maintain cardiac output, and the dose will be considered unsafe to use clinically and testing will end for that patient. If the adenosine dose produces atrioventricular block but with a pause of less than 12 seconds (thus does not require pacing), the dose will be considered effective and the study will terminate as well. However, if the adenosine dose does not produce atrioventricular block or require pacing intervention, the dose will be considered safe but ineffective and the study will progress to the next higher dose. Before dose progression, the study will pause for additional 30 seconds to ensure complete adenosine metabolism, as the half-life of adenosine is less than 10 seconds and does not exhibit cumulative effects. The subsequent dose will then be administered and the ECG observed for clinically significant bradycardia and atrioventricular block. This will be repeated until clinically significant bradycardia and/or atrioventricular block is observed, or up to the final 200μg/kg (not to surpass the total maximum of 12mg) dose. The same study protocol is being utilized to retest the subset of patients in whom dipyridamole was discontinued prior to the initial testing to further understand the safety of administering adenosine to heart transplant patients chronically maintained on dipyridamole.

6. Conditions and Keywords

Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Sinus Bradycardia, Atrioventricular Block
Keywords
Heart transplant, Adenosine, Pediatrics

7. Study Design

Primary Purpose
Treatment
Study Phase
Phase 1
Interventional Study Model
Single Group Assignment
Masking
None (Open Label)
Allocation
N/A
Enrollment
80 (Actual)

8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions

Arm Title
Adenosine
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
After cardiac catheterization, the study protocol will begin with 12.5µg/kg of adenosine (one eighth the recommended starting clinical dose), and will double to 25µg/kg, 50µg/kg, 100µg/kg and finally 200µg/kg (not to surpass the total maximum dose of 12mg). A pacing catheter will be placed within the right ventricle prior to medication administration. Escalating doses will stop if ventricular pacing is required due to a ventricular pause greater than 12 seconds or if atrioventricular block is demonstrated with a ventricular pause less than 12 seconds. If there is no prolonged pause requiring pacing and no demonstration of medication effect the subsequent dose will be given.
Intervention Type
Drug
Intervention Name(s)
Adenosine
Other Intervention Name(s)
No brand names
Intervention Description
Testing escalating doses of adenosine in pediatric heart transplant patients
Intervention Type
Procedure
Intervention Name(s)
Cardiac catheterization
Intervention Description
(non-experimental) standard procedure
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Incidence of sinus bradycardia or atrioventricular block with low-dose adenosine administration that is greater than 12 seconds and requires hemodynamic intervention (ventricular escape pacing).
Time Frame
Up to 1 hour after the catheterization
Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Prevalence of inducing atrioventricular block (defined as a single non-conducted P wave) at adenosine doses lower than suggested starting dose (100µg/kg) in PALS algorithm.
Time Frame
Up to 1 hour after the catheterization

10. Eligibility

Sex
All
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
6 Months
Maximum Age & Unit of Time
25 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria: Patients who have undergone a heart transplantation and who receive their routine care at the Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital of New York, Columbia University Medical Center Exclusion Criteria: Patients admitted to the inpatient heart failure team Patients present for their first outpatient catheterization after new transplant Abnormal hemodynamics concerning for acute rejection Patients present for follow up of rejection (last biopsy positive) Ingested methylxanthine-containing foods that day Patients taking oral dipyridamole and did not discontinue it 3 days prior to testing Prior transplant history of coronary artery vasculopathy with this allograft or concern for abnormal coronary vasculature by angiography on the day of the catheterization Patients taking carbamazepine (may potentiate adenosine effect) Patients with known conduction disease (first, second or third degree atrioventricular block) and/or with pre-existing sinus node dysfunction (based on pre-existing ECG, Holter or inpatient telemetry) Patients/guardians unable to give consent in English
Overall Study Officials:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Eric S Silver, MD
Organizational Affiliation
Columbia University
Official's Role
Principal Investigator
Facility Information:
Facility Name
Columbia University Medical Center
City
New York
State/Province
New York
ZIP/Postal Code
10032
Country
United States

12. IPD Sharing Statement

Citations:
PubMed Identifier
28450351
Citation
Flyer JN, Zuckerman WA, Richmond ME, Anderson BR, Mendelsberg TG, McAllister JM, Liberman L, Addonizio LJ, Silver ES. Prospective Study of Adenosine on Atrioventricular Nodal Conduction in Pediatric and Young Adult Patients After Heart Transplantation. Circulation. 2017 Jun 20;135(25):2485-2493. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.028087. Epub 2017 Apr 27.
Results Reference
derived

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Analysis of Adenosine on Sinus and Atrioventricular Nodal Conduction in the Pediatric Transplanted Heart

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