Poker, Skills and Associated Problems (PERHAPS)
Primary Purpose
Pathological Gambling
Status
Completed
Phase
Not Applicable
Locations
France
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
cognitive, emotional and clinical assessment
Sponsored by
About this trial
This is an interventional prevention trial for Pathological Gambling focused on measuring experimental study, cognitive mechanisms, poker, cognitive remediation therapy
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
- 18-59 years
- good understanding of French, literate
- correct level of vision and hearing
- specific inclusion criteria for each group include frequency and length of poker practice, DSM-5 doagnostic criteria for gambling disorder
Exclusion Criteria:
- protected adults
- important cognitive deficit (assessed by the MMSE)
- psychotic syndrome whole life
- other psychiatric disorders (mood disorders, anxiety disorders) and addictive disorders (disorders related to the use of alcoholic or other substances, excluding nicotine) that are present and not stabilized
- unstable endocrine disorders
- significant neurological disorders (such as head injuries (except mild), neurodegenerative diseases, unbalanced epilepsy, mental retardation, etc.)
- psychoactive use (before participation)
- color blindness
- cardiac disorders
- electronic implants
Sites / Locations
- CHU de Nantes
Arms of the Study
Arm 1
Arm 2
Arm 3
Arm Type
Other
Other
Other
Arm Label
non-poker players
expert unproblematic poker players
pathological poker players
Arm Description
(control group)
(comparator)
(comparator)
Outcomes
Primary Outcome Measures
attention and emotional perception performances
Modified Posner paradigm Performances will be compared between pathological poker players and non-poker players (to identify cognitive deficits in pathological players compared to baseline level) and between pathological poker players and expert unproblematic poker players (to identify cognitive deficits in pathological players compared to a gambler level)
mental flexibility performances
Wisconsin Test (M-WCST) Performances will be compared between pathological poker players and non-poker players (to identify cognitive deficits in pathological players compared to baseline level) and between pathological poker players and expert unproblematic poker players (to identify cognitive deficits in pathological players compared to a gambler level)
inhibition performances
Evaluation of inhibition at verbal level: Hayling sentence Completion Task Performances will be compared between pathological poker players and non-poker players (to identify cognitive deficits in pathological players compared to baseline level)
inhibition performances
Evaluation of inhibition at motor level : Go-No Go Task Performances will be compared between pathological poker players and non-poker players (to identify cognitive deficits in pathological players compared to baseline level)
inhibition performances
Evaluation of inhibition et expressive level : suppressive expression method Performances will be compared between pathological poker players and non-poker players (to identify cognitive deficits in pathological players compared to baseline level)
Secondary Outcome Measures
gambling course and habits
Standardized maintenance grid. The interview allows you to explore gambling habits, possible abstinence periods, different games the game of choice, current practice, damage and the quality of shoring, and resources.
control attribution (locus of control)
three-dimensional control location scale of Levenson (IPAH)
level of cognitive distortions,
clinical questionnaires : Gambling Related Cognitions Scale (GRCS)
level of social phobia
clinical questionnaires : social phobia questionnaire Leibowitz,
motivation for gambling
clinical questionnaires : Gambling motivation questionnaire Reasons Questionnaire (GMQ)
impulsivity profile
clinical questionnaires : Impulsive Behavior Scale
psychiatric and addictive comorbidities
clinical questionnaires : Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI)
coping and gambling related-damage
clinical questionnaires : COPE Brief Questionnaire
Full Information
NCT ID
NCT02590211
First Posted
October 6, 2015
Last Updated
March 29, 2021
Sponsor
Nantes University Hospital
1. Study Identification
Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT02590211
Brief Title
Poker, Skills and Associated Problems
Acronym
PERHAPS
Official Title
Poker, Skills and Associated Problems (PERHAPS). Controlled Experimental Single Centre Study of Poker Players: Study of the Cognitive Mechanisms Underlying Poker Skills and of the Specificity of Poker-related Problems
Study Type
Interventional
2. Study Status
Record Verification Date
March 2021
Overall Recruitment Status
Completed
Study Start Date
September 27, 2016 (Actual)
Primary Completion Date
March 23, 2021 (Actual)
Study Completion Date
March 23, 2021 (Actual)
3. Sponsor/Collaborators
Responsible Party, by Official Title
Sponsor
Name of the Sponsor
Nantes University Hospital
4. Oversight
Data Monitoring Committee
No
5. Study Description
Brief Summary
The PERHAPS project aims to fill two gaps in the scientific literature: on the one hand, studying the clinical and cognitive particularities of poker-related problems, and on the other hand, studying poker skill as a combination of multiple cognitive and emotional abilities. The underlying clinical aim is to develop a cognitive remediation therapy program dedicated to pathological gamblers.
Detailed Description
In the literature, although compulsive poker players undoubtedly share similarities with the compulsive gamblers of other gambling games, clinicians have observed significant specificities in these patients, in terms of personality profile, gaming practices and associated troubles. These specificities could influence the effectiveness of treatment and prevention strategies in many ways. However, there are very few studies focused on the specific poker-related problems, particularly compared to other practices.
Furthermore, skill at poker has often been treated as a unique and general ability. This binary vision is now considered widely insufficient and most researchers recommend exploring the individual cognitive abilities at play in poker skill. To the investigators knowledge, no study has done this to date.
Consequently, the PERHAPS project aims to fill two gaps in the scientific literature: on the one hand, studying the clinical and cognitive particularities of poker-related problems, and on the other hand, studying poker skill as a combination of multiple cognitive and emotional abilities.
Three profiles of poker players will be studied, depending on their gambling practices and whether or not they are addicted: a control group of 30 non-poker players, a group of 30 expert unproblematic poker players, and a group of 30 pathological poker players.
The three groups will be compared with one another on:
Cognitive and emotional abilities (for expert players) or deficits (for pathological gamblers)
Clinical particularities of poker-related problems
Secondarily (ancillary study), pathological poker gamblers will be compared with pathological gamblers of other gambling games (pure chance games n=30 and quasi-skill games n=30).
The PERHAPS project aims to improve knowledge of gambling addiction, particularly as regards poker, in order to optimise prevention and care strategies. The clinical aim is especially to construct a cognitive remediation therapy program. It also intends to discuss the legal framework applied to poker under the gambling regulation.
6. Conditions and Keywords
Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Pathological Gambling
Keywords
experimental study, cognitive mechanisms, poker, cognitive remediation therapy
7. Study Design
Primary Purpose
Prevention
Study Phase
Not Applicable
Interventional Study Model
Parallel Assignment
Masking
None (Open Label)
Allocation
Non-Randomized
Enrollment
113 (Actual)
8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions
Arm Title
non-poker players
Arm Type
Other
Arm Description
(control group)
Arm Title
expert unproblematic poker players
Arm Type
Other
Arm Description
(comparator)
Arm Title
pathological poker players
Arm Type
Other
Arm Description
(comparator)
Intervention Type
Behavioral
Intervention Name(s)
cognitive, emotional and clinical assessment
Intervention Description
Cognitive and emotional assessment: Posner paradigm applied to emotional information (attention and emotional perception abilities), the modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (mental flexibility), the Hayling Sentence Completion Task (verbal inhibition), the Go - No Go test (motor inhibition) and the expressive suppression method (facial expression inhibition) Clinical assessment: gambling course and habits, level of cognitive distortions, control attribution (locus of control), social phobia, motivation for gambling, impulsivity, co-addictions, coping and gambling related-damage
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
attention and emotional perception performances
Description
Modified Posner paradigm Performances will be compared between pathological poker players and non-poker players (to identify cognitive deficits in pathological players compared to baseline level) and between pathological poker players and expert unproblematic poker players (to identify cognitive deficits in pathological players compared to a gambler level)
Time Frame
only one assessment so at baseline
Title
mental flexibility performances
Description
Wisconsin Test (M-WCST) Performances will be compared between pathological poker players and non-poker players (to identify cognitive deficits in pathological players compared to baseline level) and between pathological poker players and expert unproblematic poker players (to identify cognitive deficits in pathological players compared to a gambler level)
Time Frame
only one assessment so at baseline
Title
inhibition performances
Description
Evaluation of inhibition at verbal level: Hayling sentence Completion Task Performances will be compared between pathological poker players and non-poker players (to identify cognitive deficits in pathological players compared to baseline level)
Time Frame
only one assessment so at baseline
Title
inhibition performances
Description
Evaluation of inhibition at motor level : Go-No Go Task Performances will be compared between pathological poker players and non-poker players (to identify cognitive deficits in pathological players compared to baseline level)
Time Frame
only one assessment so at baseline
Title
inhibition performances
Description
Evaluation of inhibition et expressive level : suppressive expression method Performances will be compared between pathological poker players and non-poker players (to identify cognitive deficits in pathological players compared to baseline level)
Time Frame
only one assessment so at baseline
Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
gambling course and habits
Description
Standardized maintenance grid. The interview allows you to explore gambling habits, possible abstinence periods, different games the game of choice, current practice, damage and the quality of shoring, and resources.
Time Frame
only one assessment so at baseline
Title
control attribution (locus of control)
Description
three-dimensional control location scale of Levenson (IPAH)
Time Frame
only one assessment so at baseline
Title
level of cognitive distortions,
Description
clinical questionnaires : Gambling Related Cognitions Scale (GRCS)
Time Frame
only one assessment so at baseline
Title
level of social phobia
Description
clinical questionnaires : social phobia questionnaire Leibowitz,
Time Frame
only one assessment so at baseline
Title
motivation for gambling
Description
clinical questionnaires : Gambling motivation questionnaire Reasons Questionnaire (GMQ)
Time Frame
only one assessment so at baseline
Title
impulsivity profile
Description
clinical questionnaires : Impulsive Behavior Scale
Time Frame
only one assessment so at baseline
Title
psychiatric and addictive comorbidities
Description
clinical questionnaires : Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI)
Time Frame
only one assessment so at baseline
Title
coping and gambling related-damage
Description
clinical questionnaires : COPE Brief Questionnaire
Time Frame
only one assessment so at baseline
10. Eligibility
Sex
All
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
18 Years
Maximum Age & Unit of Time
59 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
18-59 years
good understanding of French, literate
correct level of vision and hearing
specific inclusion criteria for each group include frequency and length of poker practice, DSM-5 doagnostic criteria for gambling disorder
Exclusion Criteria:
protected adults
important cognitive deficit (assessed by the MMSE)
psychotic syndrome whole life
other psychiatric disorders (mood disorders, anxiety disorders) and addictive disorders (disorders related to the use of alcoholic or other substances, excluding nicotine) that are present and not stabilized
unstable endocrine disorders
significant neurological disorders (such as head injuries (except mild), neurodegenerative diseases, unbalanced epilepsy, mental retardation, etc.)
psychoactive use (before participation)
color blindness
cardiac disorders
electronic implants
Facility Information:
Facility Name
CHU de Nantes
City
Nantes
ZIP/Postal Code
44093
Country
France
12. IPD Sharing Statement
Plan to Share IPD
No
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Poker, Skills and Associated Problems
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