Cingularbio® Heart Valve Clincial Study

The inclusion criteria were as follows: 1) patient who had heart valve disease requiring a surgical replacement as indicated in the preoperative evaluation; 2) patient aged between 60-85 years; 3) patient whose preoperative heart function less than NYHA functional class IV; 4) patient who signed the informed consent before surgery; 5) patient who agrees to finish the follow-up. The exclusion criteria were as follows: 1) patient with prior valve replacement; 2) patient who requires concomitant tricuspid or pulmonary valve replacement; 3) patient who requires concomitant coronary artery bypass graft surgery; 4) patient with active infective endocarditis or drug abuse; 5) patient whose life time expectancy less than 12 months; 6) patient who was unable to follow anticoagulation treatment.