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The WISE Trial - Walking Improvement for SCI With Exoskeleton (WISE)

Primary Purpose

Injuries, Spinal Cord

Status
Completed
Phase
Not Applicable
Locations
United States
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
Ekso GT Rehabilitation Therapy
Body Weight Supported (BWS) Treadmill Training
Sponsored by
Ekso Bionics
About
Eligibility
Locations
Arms
Outcomes
Full info

About this trial

This is an interventional treatment trial for Injuries, Spinal Cord focused on measuring Spinal Cord, Injury, Exoskeleton, Ekso, Rehabilitation

Eligibility Criteria

18 Years - 75 Years (Adult, Older Adult)All SexesDoes not accept healthy volunteers

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Motor incomplete paraplegia or tetraplegia
  2. Neurological level of injury (NLI) C1- approximately T10 (inclusive, for upper motor neuron injuries only), as determined by the International Standards for Neurological Classification of SCI (ISNCSCI)
  3. Sufficient diaphragmatic strength such that respiration is not compromised with exercise.
  4. Sufficient upper extremity strength to use a front wheeled walker either by manual muscle testing (minimum triceps strength bilaterally of 3/5, shoulder abduction/adduction and flexion/extension 4/5)
  5. AIS-C SCI & AIS-D SCI, as determined by the International Standards for Neurological Classification of SCI (ISNCSCI)
  6. Ambulates at <0.44 meters/second with or without physical assistance and assistance device
  7. WISCI ≥ 1
  8. 18 - 75 yrs, inclusive
  9. No current or history of other neurological conditions
  10. Screened and cleared by a physician
  11. Involved in standing program or must be able to tolerate at least 15 min upright
  12. Weigh 220 pounds (100kg) or less
  13. Be able to fit into the Ekso device
  14. Approximately between 5'0" and 6'4" tall
  15. Standing hip width of approximately 18" or less
  16. Have near normal range of motion in hips, knees and ankles

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. AIS-A SCI or AIS-B SCI
  2. Lower motor neuron injuries, as shown by absent reflexes during bilateral quadriceps and Achilles tendon taps
  3. < 3 months since previous intensive gait training regimen
  4. Already walking at self-selected ambulation speeds of at least 0.44 meter/second with or without assistance
  5. Currently involved in another intervention study
  6. Concurrent neurological disease
  7. Hip flexion contracture greater than ~17°
  8. Knee flexion contracture greater than 12°
  9. Unable to achieve neutral ankle dorsiflexion with passive stretch (neutral with max 12° knee flexion)
  10. Leg length discrepancy

    1. Greater than 0.5" for upper leg
    2. Greater than 0.75" for lower leg
  11. Spinal instability
  12. Unresolved deep vein thrombosis
  13. Uncontrolled autonomic dysreflexia
  14. Severe muscular or skeletal pain
  15. Spasticity that prevents joint motion (severe stiffness or rigidity,) where both legs have a Modified Ashworth Score (MAS) score of 3 or higher for half or more of their proximal lower extremity muscles; proximal muscles include hip flexors/extensors/adductors and knee flexors/extensors.
  16. Open skin ulcerations on buttocks or other body surfaces in contact with exoskeleton or harness
  17. Pregnancy
  18. Cognitive impairments - unable to follow 2 steps commands and communicate for pain or to stop session
  19. Shoulder extension Range of Motion (ROM) < 50° excludes crutches during sit to stand or vice versa. (Walking with crutches permitted.)
  20. Participant requires the assistance of more than one therapist to transfer safely.
  21. Uncontrolled or severe orthostatic hypotension that limits standing tolerance; defined as sustained, symptomatic drops in systolic and diastolic blood pressure when moving from sitting to standing
  22. Active heterotrophic ossification (HO), hip dysplasia or hip/knee axis abnormalities
  23. Colostomy
  24. History of long bone fractures since the SCI, secondary to osteoporosis
  25. Unable to sustain current medication regimen
  26. Any reason the physician may deem as harmful to the participant to enroll or continue in the study

Sites / Locations

  • Barrow Neurological Institute at St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center
  • Gaylord Hospital
  • Shirley Ryan AbilityLab
  • Marianjoy Rehabilitation Hospital
  • Kennedy Kruger Institute
  • Rehabilitation Institute of Michigan
  • Courage Kenny Research Center
  • Kessler Foundation
  • Burke Medical Research Institute
  • TIRR Memorial Hermann Hospital

Arms of the Study

Arm 1

Arm 2

Arm 3

Arm Type

Experimental

Active Comparator

No Intervention

Arm Label

Group 1: Ekso GT Rehabilitation Therapy

Group 2: Active controls - BWSTT Therapy

Group 3: Passive controls

Arm Description

Participants in this group receive Ekso GT (gait training) PT therapy intervention 3 times per week for 12 weeks (36 sessions). Intervention: Ekso GT Rehabilitation therapy

Participants in this group receive a matched number of sessions of standard gait training using body-weight supported treadmill training and overground training. Intervention: Body Weight Supported Treadmill Training

Participants in this group continue with normal daily activities over 12 weeks.

Outcomes

Primary Outcome Measures

10 Meter Walk Test (10MWT)
The mean increase in gait speed demonstrated during the 10MWT after 12 weeks of training and compared between groups.

Secondary Outcome Measures

10 Meter Walk Test (10MWT)
10MWT: Number of participants who achieve the Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) of 0.15 m/s 21 during the 10MWT. Number of participants who transition from exercise or household ambulation (defined as a walking speed of < 0.44 meters/second) to limited community or full community ambulation (> 0.44 meter/second) during the 10MWT. Time point of recovery at which participants reach the MCID and/or community ambulation speeds of > 0.44 meters/second.
International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) Exam - Full Exam for Classification
Number of participants who convert from American Spinal Cord Injury Association (AIS) C to AIS D.
International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) Exam - Full Exam for Scoring
Motor and sensory scores
Participant Quality of Life
International SCI Quality of Life Basic Data Set. Depression scores using the Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D 10).
Numeric Pain Rating Scale
Numeric Pain Rating Scale for self-reported neuropathic pain upon resting and during gait training.
Therapist Outcomes
Number of therapists/staff required for each active group as well as set-up/donning time for cost effectiveness of the two active therapies.
6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT)
Measurement of endurance, level of assistance and assistive devices needed and distance walked
Timed Up and Go (TUG)
Test of basic mobility skills. Balance during sit-to-stand, walking, turning, and stand-to-sit.
Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury II (WISCI-II)
Measurement of the ability of an individual to complete a locomotor task in a standardized environment. Score for need of assistive devices.
Spinal Cord Injury Functional Ambulatory Index (SCI-FAI)
Quality assessment of gait pattern
Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM-III, Mobility subscale)
Mobility subscale for ability to perform transfers and walking different distances.
Body Mass Index (BMI)
General health measure.
Upper and Lower Extremity Muscle Strength
As measured by physical therapist for muscle strength.
Spinal Cord Assessment Tool for Spastic Reflexes (SCATS) Modified Ashworth Scale
Spasticity measurement.
Spinal Cord Injury Spasticity Evaluation Tool (SCI-SET)
Participant reported spasticity measurement.
Numeric Rating of Spasticity
Participant reported spasticity measurement.
Heart Rate
Physiological outcomes: heart rate
Participant Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale (Borg)
Self-reported perceived exertion.
Modified International SCI Bowel Function Basic Data Set
Participant assessment of bowel function
Modified International SCI Lower Urinary Tract Basic Data Set
Participant lower urinary tract assessment and incidence of urinary track infections.
Incidence of Pressure Ulcers
Skin integrity check.
Incidence of Falls
Assessed at each visit via participant report.
Incidence of Hospitalization and/or Unexpected Physician Visits
Assessed at each visit via participant report.
Therapist Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale (Borg)
Self-reported perceived exertion.
Therapist National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Task Load Index
Self-reported work load assessment.
Participant National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Task Load Index
Self-reported work load assessment.
Video Assessment of Physical Therapist Posture
Independent assessment of shoulder, neck, and trunk posture.
Therapist Report of Pain and/or Injury
Therapist self-reported questionnaire.
Blood Pressure
Physiological outcomes: blood pressure
Gait Quality
GAITRite for temporospatial gait parameters and symmetry
Berg Balance Scale
Measurement of static and dynamic sitting and standing balance

Full Information

First Posted
September 27, 2016
Last Updated
September 10, 2019
Sponsor
Ekso Bionics
Collaborators
Burke Medical Research Institute
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1. Study Identification

Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT02943915
Brief Title
The WISE Trial - Walking Improvement for SCI With Exoskeleton
Acronym
WISE
Official Title
The WISE Trial - Walking Improvement for SCI With Exoskeleton
Study Type
Interventional

2. Study Status

Record Verification Date
August 2018
Overall Recruitment Status
Completed
Study Start Date
September 2016 (undefined)
Primary Completion Date
September 10, 2019 (Actual)
Study Completion Date
September 10, 2019 (Actual)

3. Sponsor/Collaborators

Responsible Party, by Official Title
Sponsor
Name of the Sponsor
Ekso Bionics
Collaborators
Burke Medical Research Institute

4. Oversight

Data Monitoring Committee
No

5. Study Description

Brief Summary
A randomized, controlled trial comparing exoskeleton gait training with standard gait training or no gait training in community-dwelling participants with chronic incomplete spinal cord injury
Detailed Description
Community dwelling iSCI participants may improve clinical gait function by engaging in a gait training regimen, where robotic exoskeletons can readily deliver a precise dose and simultaneously reduce the physical stress imposed on therapists using conventional manually assisted stepping practice. Exoskeleton training is predicted to improve function in participants receiving usual care, but not superior to intensity-matched manual training. The rationale to implement exoskeleton robotics as preference in gait training is based on precision dosing, over-ground training, and reduced therapist burden for high repetition training. The investigators aim to demonstrate that Ekso exoskeleton training can significantly improve gait speed in stable chronic, community-dwelling incomplete SCI (iSCI) participants. The objectives of this study are the following: A. Primary Objective: To demonstrate that a 12 week robotic gait training regimen can lead to a clinically meaningful improvement in independent gait speed on the 10 Meter Walk Test (10MWT) in community dwelling participants with chronic iSCI. B. Secondary Objectives: To examine the economic factors such as number of physical therapists/staff required during training. To analyze the physical burden on therapists assisting and supervising during training. To study the influence of factors that may modify the gait recovery in the chronic incomplete SCI population (demographic, clinical, functional, psychological, balance, etc.).

6. Conditions and Keywords

Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Injuries, Spinal Cord
Keywords
Spinal Cord, Injury, Exoskeleton, Ekso, Rehabilitation

7. Study Design

Primary Purpose
Treatment
Study Phase
Not Applicable
Interventional Study Model
Parallel Assignment
Masking
Outcomes Assessor
Allocation
Randomized
Enrollment
42 (Actual)

8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions

Arm Title
Group 1: Ekso GT Rehabilitation Therapy
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
Participants in this group receive Ekso GT (gait training) PT therapy intervention 3 times per week for 12 weeks (36 sessions). Intervention: Ekso GT Rehabilitation therapy
Arm Title
Group 2: Active controls - BWSTT Therapy
Arm Type
Active Comparator
Arm Description
Participants in this group receive a matched number of sessions of standard gait training using body-weight supported treadmill training and overground training. Intervention: Body Weight Supported Treadmill Training
Arm Title
Group 3: Passive controls
Arm Type
No Intervention
Arm Description
Participants in this group continue with normal daily activities over 12 weeks.
Intervention Type
Device
Intervention Name(s)
Ekso GT Rehabilitation Therapy
Other Intervention Name(s)
Exoskeleton
Intervention Description
Walking Improvement for Spinal Cord Injuries with Exoskeleton
Intervention Type
Device
Intervention Name(s)
Body Weight Supported (BWS) Treadmill Training
Other Intervention Name(s)
Conventional Therapy
Intervention Description
Standard gait training using BWS PT and overground training
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
10 Meter Walk Test (10MWT)
Description
The mean increase in gait speed demonstrated during the 10MWT after 12 weeks of training and compared between groups.
Time Frame
Baseline and 12 Weeks
Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
10 Meter Walk Test (10MWT)
Description
10MWT: Number of participants who achieve the Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) of 0.15 m/s 21 during the 10MWT. Number of participants who transition from exercise or household ambulation (defined as a walking speed of < 0.44 meters/second) to limited community or full community ambulation (> 0.44 meter/second) during the 10MWT. Time point of recovery at which participants reach the MCID and/or community ambulation speeds of > 0.44 meters/second.
Time Frame
Baseline and evaluations week 6,12, 24
Title
International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) Exam - Full Exam for Classification
Description
Number of participants who convert from American Spinal Cord Injury Association (AIS) C to AIS D.
Time Frame
Baseline and week 12
Title
International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) Exam - Full Exam for Scoring
Description
Motor and sensory scores
Time Frame
Baseline and week 12
Title
Participant Quality of Life
Description
International SCI Quality of Life Basic Data Set. Depression scores using the Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D 10).
Time Frame
Baseline and evaluations week 6, 12, 24
Title
Numeric Pain Rating Scale
Description
Numeric Pain Rating Scale for self-reported neuropathic pain upon resting and during gait training.
Time Frame
Weeks 1-12
Title
Therapist Outcomes
Description
Number of therapists/staff required for each active group as well as set-up/donning time for cost effectiveness of the two active therapies.
Time Frame
Weeks 1-12
Title
6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT)
Description
Measurement of endurance, level of assistance and assistive devices needed and distance walked
Time Frame
Baseline, Evaluations week 6, 12, and 24
Title
Timed Up and Go (TUG)
Description
Test of basic mobility skills. Balance during sit-to-stand, walking, turning, and stand-to-sit.
Time Frame
Baseline, Evaluations week 6, 12, and 24
Title
Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury II (WISCI-II)
Description
Measurement of the ability of an individual to complete a locomotor task in a standardized environment. Score for need of assistive devices.
Time Frame
Baseline, Evaluations week 6, 12, and 24
Title
Spinal Cord Injury Functional Ambulatory Index (SCI-FAI)
Description
Quality assessment of gait pattern
Time Frame
Baseline, Evaluations week 6, 12, and 24
Title
Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM-III, Mobility subscale)
Description
Mobility subscale for ability to perform transfers and walking different distances.
Time Frame
Baseline, Evaluations week 6, 12, and 24
Title
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Description
General health measure.
Time Frame
Baseline, Evaluations week 6, 12, and 24
Title
Upper and Lower Extremity Muscle Strength
Description
As measured by physical therapist for muscle strength.
Time Frame
Baseline, Evaluations week 6 and 24
Title
Spinal Cord Assessment Tool for Spastic Reflexes (SCATS) Modified Ashworth Scale
Description
Spasticity measurement.
Time Frame
Baseline, Evaluations week 6, 12, and 24
Title
Spinal Cord Injury Spasticity Evaluation Tool (SCI-SET)
Description
Participant reported spasticity measurement.
Time Frame
Baseline, Evaluations week 6, 12, 24
Title
Numeric Rating of Spasticity
Description
Participant reported spasticity measurement.
Time Frame
Baseline and weekly assessments for 12 weeks
Title
Heart Rate
Description
Physiological outcomes: heart rate
Time Frame
Baseline, Weekly training sessions 1 - 12, Evaluations week 6, 12 and 24
Title
Participant Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale (Borg)
Description
Self-reported perceived exertion.
Time Frame
Baseline and weekly assessments for 12 weeks, Evaluations week 6, 12 and 24
Title
Modified International SCI Bowel Function Basic Data Set
Description
Participant assessment of bowel function
Time Frame
Baseline, Evaluations week 6, 12 and 24
Title
Modified International SCI Lower Urinary Tract Basic Data Set
Description
Participant lower urinary tract assessment and incidence of urinary track infections.
Time Frame
Baseline, Evaluations week 6, 12 and 24
Title
Incidence of Pressure Ulcers
Description
Skin integrity check.
Time Frame
Baseline, each training session 1 through 36.
Title
Incidence of Falls
Description
Assessed at each visit via participant report.
Time Frame
Each training session 1 through 36, Evaluations week 6, 12 and 24
Title
Incidence of Hospitalization and/or Unexpected Physician Visits
Description
Assessed at each visit via participant report.
Time Frame
Each training session 1 through 36, Evaluations week 6, 12 and 24
Title
Therapist Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale (Borg)
Description
Self-reported perceived exertion.
Time Frame
Weeks 1 through 12
Title
Therapist National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Task Load Index
Description
Self-reported work load assessment.
Time Frame
Weeks 1 through 12
Title
Participant National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Task Load Index
Description
Self-reported work load assessment.
Time Frame
Weeks 1 through 12
Title
Video Assessment of Physical Therapist Posture
Description
Independent assessment of shoulder, neck, and trunk posture.
Time Frame
Week 1 and Week 12
Title
Therapist Report of Pain and/or Injury
Description
Therapist self-reported questionnaire.
Time Frame
Up to Week 12
Title
Blood Pressure
Description
Physiological outcomes: blood pressure
Time Frame
Baseline, Evaluations week 6, 12 and 24
Title
Gait Quality
Description
GAITRite for temporospatial gait parameters and symmetry
Time Frame
Baseline, Evaluations week 6, 12 and 24
Title
Berg Balance Scale
Description
Measurement of static and dynamic sitting and standing balance
Time Frame
Baseline, Evaluations week 6, 12 and 24

10. Eligibility

Sex
All
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
18 Years
Maximum Age & Unit of Time
75 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria: Motor incomplete paraplegia or tetraplegia Neurological level of injury (NLI) C1- approximately T10 (inclusive, for upper motor neuron injuries only), as determined by the International Standards for Neurological Classification of SCI (ISNCSCI) Sufficient diaphragmatic strength such that respiration is not compromised with exercise. Sufficient upper extremity strength to use a front wheeled walker either by manual muscle testing (minimum triceps strength bilaterally of 3/5, shoulder abduction/adduction and flexion/extension 4/5) AIS-C SCI & AIS-D SCI, as determined by the International Standards for Neurological Classification of SCI (ISNCSCI) Ambulates at <0.44 meters/second with or without physical assistance and assistance device WISCI ≥ 1 18 - 75 yrs, inclusive No current or history of other neurological conditions Screened and cleared by a physician Involved in standing program or must be able to tolerate at least 15 min upright Weigh 220 pounds (100kg) or less Be able to fit into the Ekso device Approximately between 5'0" and 6'4" tall Standing hip width of approximately 18" or less Have near normal range of motion in hips, knees and ankles Exclusion Criteria: AIS-A SCI or AIS-B SCI Lower motor neuron injuries, as shown by absent reflexes during bilateral quadriceps and Achilles tendon taps < 3 months since previous intensive gait training regimen Already walking at self-selected ambulation speeds of at least 0.44 meter/second with or without assistance Currently involved in another intervention study Concurrent neurological disease Hip flexion contracture greater than ~17° Knee flexion contracture greater than 12° Unable to achieve neutral ankle dorsiflexion with passive stretch (neutral with max 12° knee flexion) Leg length discrepancy Greater than 0.5" for upper leg Greater than 0.75" for lower leg Spinal instability Unresolved deep vein thrombosis Uncontrolled autonomic dysreflexia Severe muscular or skeletal pain Spasticity that prevents joint motion (severe stiffness or rigidity,) where both legs have a Modified Ashworth Score (MAS) score of 3 or higher for half or more of their proximal lower extremity muscles; proximal muscles include hip flexors/extensors/adductors and knee flexors/extensors. Open skin ulcerations on buttocks or other body surfaces in contact with exoskeleton or harness Pregnancy Cognitive impairments - unable to follow 2 steps commands and communicate for pain or to stop session Shoulder extension Range of Motion (ROM) < 50° excludes crutches during sit to stand or vice versa. (Walking with crutches permitted.) Participant requires the assistance of more than one therapist to transfer safely. Uncontrolled or severe orthostatic hypotension that limits standing tolerance; defined as sustained, symptomatic drops in systolic and diastolic blood pressure when moving from sitting to standing Active heterotrophic ossification (HO), hip dysplasia or hip/knee axis abnormalities Colostomy History of long bone fractures since the SCI, secondary to osteoporosis Unable to sustain current medication regimen Any reason the physician may deem as harmful to the participant to enroll or continue in the study
Overall Study Officials:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Dylan Edwards, PhD
Organizational Affiliation
Burke Medical Research Institute
Official's Role
Principal Investigator
Facility Information:
Facility Name
Barrow Neurological Institute at St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center
City
Phoenix
State/Province
Arizona
ZIP/Postal Code
85013
Country
United States
Facility Name
Gaylord Hospital
City
Wallingford
State/Province
Connecticut
ZIP/Postal Code
06492
Country
United States
Facility Name
Shirley Ryan AbilityLab
City
Chicago
State/Province
Illinois
ZIP/Postal Code
60611
Country
United States
Facility Name
Marianjoy Rehabilitation Hospital
City
Wheaton
State/Province
Illinois
ZIP/Postal Code
60187
Country
United States
Facility Name
Kennedy Kruger Institute
City
Baltimore
State/Province
Maryland
ZIP/Postal Code
21211
Country
United States
Facility Name
Rehabilitation Institute of Michigan
City
Detroit
State/Province
Michigan
ZIP/Postal Code
48201
Country
United States
Facility Name
Courage Kenny Research Center
City
Minneapolis
State/Province
Minnesota
ZIP/Postal Code
55407
Country
United States
Facility Name
Kessler Foundation
City
West Orange
State/Province
New Jersey
ZIP/Postal Code
07052
Country
United States
Facility Name
Burke Medical Research Institute
City
White Plains
State/Province
New York
ZIP/Postal Code
10605
Country
United States
Facility Name
TIRR Memorial Hermann Hospital
City
Houston
State/Province
Texas
ZIP/Postal Code
77030
Country
United States

12. IPD Sharing Statement

Plan to Share IPD
Undecided
IPD Sharing Plan Description
Undecided
Citations:
PubMed Identifier
27372363
Citation
Stampacchia G, Rustici A, Bigazzi S, Gerini A, Tombini T, Mazzoleni S. Walking with a powered robotic exoskeleton: Subjective experience, spasticity and pain in spinal cord injured persons. NeuroRehabilitation. 2016 Jun 27;39(2):277-83. doi: 10.3233/NRE-161358.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
26736463
Citation
Gad PN, Gerasimenko YP, Zdunowski S, Sayenko D, Haakana P, Turner A, Lu D, Roy RR, Edgerton VR. Iron 'ElectriRx' man: Overground stepping in an exoskeleton combined with noninvasive spinal cord stimulation after paralysis. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2015 Aug;2015:1124-7. doi: 10.1109/EMBC.2015.7318563.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
26364280
Citation
Kozlowski AJ, Bryce TN, Dijkers MP. Time and Effort Required by Persons with Spinal Cord Injury to Learn to Use a Powered Exoskeleton for Assisted Walking. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 2015 Spring;21(2):110-21. doi: 10.1310/sci2102-110. Epub 2015 Apr 12.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
24845221
Citation
Kressler J, Thomas CK, Field-Fote EC, Sanchez J, Widerstrom-Noga E, Cilien DC, Gant K, Ginnety K, Gonzalez H, Martinez A, Anderson KD, Nash MS. Understanding therapeutic benefits of overground bionic ambulation: exploratory case series in persons with chronic, complete spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2014 Oct;95(10):1878-1887.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.04.026. Epub 2014 May 17.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
26818847
Citation
Sale P, Russo EF, Russo M, Masiero S, Piccione F, Calabro RS, Filoni S. Effects on mobility training and de-adaptations in subjects with Spinal Cord Injury due to a Wearable Robot: a preliminary report. BMC Neurol. 2016 Jan 28;16:12. doi: 10.1186/s12883-016-0536-0.
Results Reference
background
Citation
Kolakowsky-Hayner SA, Crew J, Moran S, Shah A. Safety and feasibility of using the EksoTM bionic exoskeleton to aid ambulation after spinal cord injury. Spine. 2013 doi.org/10.4172/2165-7939.S4-003
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
24788068
Citation
Forrest GF, Hutchinson K, Lorenz DJ, Buehner JJ, Vanhiel LR, Sisto SA, Basso DM. Are the 10 meter and 6 minute walk tests redundant in patients with spinal cord injury? PLoS One. 2014 May 1;9(5):e94108. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094108. eCollection 2014.
Results Reference
background

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The WISE Trial - Walking Improvement for SCI With Exoskeleton

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