Milk Biofortification Promotes Health Benefits in Institutionalized Elderly

Effects of Inclusion of Sunflower Oil, Vitamin E and Selenium in the Diet of Dairy Cows on Milk Composition and Its Influence on Nutrition and Health of Elderly

The project aims to study the effects of inclusion of sunflower oil, vitamin E and selenium in the diet of dairy cows on milk composition and the influence of modified milk on nutrition and health of elderly. To achieve those goals, two experiments will be conducted, both lasting 12 weeks. In the first one, 32 cows at the beginning of lactation will be allotted in a completely randomized block design with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, as follow: 1) control diet; 2) control diet plus selenium and vitamin E; 3) control diet plus sunflower oil diet; 4) control diet plus sunflower oil, selenium and vitamin E. This experiment seeks the development of modified milks through nutritional manipulation of cow's diet. Concomitantly, in the second experiment, 132 elderly people will receive the four different kinds of milk produced in the first experiment in a completely randomized block (gender) design. The selection of the elderly for each group shall be composed clinical evaluations. Will be conducted biochemical tests before and after supplementation of milk consumption (serum α-tocopherol, selenium, analysis of fatty acid profile). Assessment of nutritional status will be made body mass index (BMI) with each participant before and after the experiment of 12 weeks, including body composition by multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), evaluating the strength of pressure of the hand portable dynamometer, demographics and food consumption. The study of human nutrition and health will be held in the form of a double-blind study. The second experiment aims to study nutrition and health of elderly people, as it is expected that milk produced with better fatty acid profile, vitamin and minerals can improve the inflammatory profile of markers of the elderly. This project is important for the human population in general, particularly elderly people, health workers, human and animal nutritionists, and especially for the milk chain, as it has a potential to develop new dairy products and boost milk consumption.

Nutrient Deficiency, Age-Related Immunodeficiency, Vitamin E Deficiency, Selenium Deficiency, Fatty Acid Deficiency, Institutionalization; Disinhibited Attachment

Using a randomized block design, 25 institutionalized elderly to receive the milk 3 times per day produced by lactating cows fed with the following diet, one of the group is control (C), without vitamin E, selenium, sunflower oil in the cow's food.

Using a randomized block design, 25 institutionalized elderly to receive the milk produced by lactating cows fed with the following diet: control (C) +vitamin E+ selenium (A).

Using a randomized block design, 25 institutionalized elderly to receive the milk produced by lactating cows fed with the following diets: control (C)+sunflower oil (O).

Using a randomized block design, 25 institutionalized elderly to receive the milk produced by lactating cows fed with the following diets: control C+sunflower oil+vitamin E+selenium (AO) .

add control diet(C) in the cow's food, add selenium in the cow's food, add vitamin E in the cow's food

There is no intervention pre-specified before the institutionalized elderly to receive three times per day of milk (total 600ml of milk all day) produced by lactating cows fed with the following diets: control (C)+selenium and vitamin E (A).

There is no intervention pre-specified before the institutionalized elderly to receive three times per day of milk (total 600ml of milk all day) produced by lactating cows fed with the following diets: control (C)+sunflower oil (O).

add control diet(C) in the cow's food, add selenium in the cow's food, add vitamin E in the cow's food, add sunflower oil in the cow's food

There is no intervention pre-specified before the institutionalized elderly to receive three times per day of milk (total 600ml of milk all day) produced by lactating cows fed with the following diets:control (C)+selenium, vitamin E and sunflower oil (AO).

add control diet (C) in the cow's food, without vitamin E in the cow's food, without selenium in the cow's food, without sunflower oil in the cow's food

There is no intervention pre-specified before the institutionalized elderly to receive three times per day of milk (total 600ml of milk all day) produced by lactating cows fed with the following diets: control (C)

Assessment by blood sampling. Collect of α-tocopherol before and after to 12 weeks of milk supplementation

Assessment by blood sampling. Collect of analysis of fatty acid profile before and after to 12 weeks of milk supplementation

Measure of the hand grip strength using a portable dynamometer before and after 12 weeks of milk supplementation

Body composition measured by multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) before and after to 12 week of milk supplementation

Gene expression of cyclooxygenase -1 (COX-1) e-2, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) (-δ, -α and -β / δ) measured in blood sample before and after to 12 weeks milk supplementation

Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by stimulated neutrophils measured in blood sample before and after to 12 weeks milk supplementation

Inclusion Criteria: Any institution residents that use milk in their usual diet. Exclusion Criteria: Inability to drink Use of enteral diets Lactose intolerance Autoimmune disorders Infections, allergies or inflammation in the two weeks prior to blood collection.

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