Oculomotor Training Improves Reading Eye Movement
Primary Purpose
Ocular Motility Disorders
Status
Completed
Phase
Not Applicable
Locations
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
oculomotor training
placebo
Sponsored by
About this trial
This is an interventional treatment trial for Ocular Motility Disorders focused on measuring reading eye movement
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
- Reported by teachers or parents to have reading difficulties and failed to meet the Taylor reading eye movement norms when tested with the Visagraph III (below age norm for both fixation and regression number).
- Studying in mainstream primary schools (8-9 years of age)
- With normal near visual acuities for both eyes (with or without spectacles)
- Hyperopia below +4.00 D
- Myopia below -4.00 D
- Astigmatism below -2.00 D
- Anisometropia less than 2.0 D difference between the two eyes
- Near heterophoria within 0-4 exophoria
- Vertical heterophoria less than 1 prism dioptre
- Monocular amplitude of accommodation over 10 D in both eyes
- With parents who were willing to perform vision therapy exercises for the children at home on a regular basis
- Both genders were acceptable as Eden et al (1994) stated that gender had no effect on oculomotor skills
Exclusion criteria:
- With strabismus
- Presence of eye diseases
- History of dyslexia (learning disability) or developmental delay
Sites / Locations
Arms of the Study
Arm 1
Arm 2
Arm Type
Experimental
Placebo Comparator
Arm Label
experimental
control
Arm Description
oculomotor training
placebo vision training exercises
Outcomes
Primary Outcome Measures
Change in number of fixation and regression during reading after 8 weeks of oculomotor training
number of fixation and regression is measured by Visagraph per 100 words
Secondary Outcome Measures
Change in reading rate during reading after 8 weeks of oculomotor training
reading rate in number of words/min and fixation duration measured in seconds
Change in perceptual span (words per fixation) during reading after 8 weeks of oculomotor training
perceptual span measured in words per fixation
Change in fixation duration (seconds) during reading after 8 weeks of oculomotor training
fixation duration measured in seconds
Change in symptom scores after 8 weeks of oculomotor training
symptom scores is calculated with a scale of 0 to 4 for all the 8 items of manifested symptoms
Full Information
NCT ID
NCT02981875
First Posted
August 17, 2016
Last Updated
August 2, 2020
Sponsor
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
1. Study Identification
Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT02981875
Brief Title
Oculomotor Training Improves Reading Eye Movement
Official Title
Oculomotor Training Improves Reading Eye Movement
Study Type
Interventional
2. Study Status
Record Verification Date
August 2020
Overall Recruitment Status
Completed
Study Start Date
January 1, 2015 (Actual)
Primary Completion Date
September 30, 2016 (Actual)
Study Completion Date
September 30, 2019 (Actual)
3. Sponsor/Collaborators
Responsible Party, by Official Title
Principal Investigator
Name of the Sponsor
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
4. Oversight
Data Monitoring Committee
Yes
5. Study Description
Brief Summary
Children with reading eye movement problems were recruited for this study. The treatment group was provided with oculomotor training for 8 weeks, the control group was given placebo exercises.
Detailed Description
Purpose of study Reading is one of the integral elements for learning and poor readers were reported to have less efficient reading eye movements. They were typically characterized by having higher number in fixation and regression, reduced reading speed and perceptual span. The purpose of this study was to investigate if vision therapy which limited to training of oculomotor skills can improve reading eye movement.
Methodology This was a randomized, prospective study. 30 subjects aged from 8-9 years of age with reading difficulties and reading eye movement problems were recruited. They all have normal intelligence and ocular health, but failed to meet the Taylor reading eye movement norms when tested with the Visagraph III. The subjects were randomly assigned into either the treatment group (15) or the control group (15). The treatment group had to go through a course of oculomotor vision therapy and the control group was given placebo exercises. Vision therapy for the treatment group involved 8 weeks of training (office training - 3 times a week, 30 min per session; home training - 4 times a week, 30 min per session). Office training involved the use of Vis-Flex (Visual Flexibility Trainer - an electronic device with L.E.D. lights which can display various flashing patterns at variable speeds). Home training involved several saccadic eye movement exercises. Subjects and parents were also asked to grade the reading symptoms checklist before and after the training.
6. Conditions and Keywords
Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Ocular Motility Disorders
Keywords
reading eye movement
7. Study Design
Primary Purpose
Treatment
Study Phase
Not Applicable
Interventional Study Model
Parallel Assignment
Masking
Participant
Allocation
Randomized
Enrollment
30 (Actual)
8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions
Arm Title
experimental
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
oculomotor training
Arm Title
control
Arm Type
Placebo Comparator
Arm Description
placebo vision training exercises
Intervention Type
Other
Intervention Name(s)
oculomotor training
Intervention Description
a sequence of vision training exercises which focused mainly in oculomotor skill
Intervention Type
Other
Intervention Name(s)
placebo
Intervention Description
placebo vision training exercises involving minimal accommodation and vergence eye movement.
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Change in number of fixation and regression during reading after 8 weeks of oculomotor training
Description
number of fixation and regression is measured by Visagraph per 100 words
Time Frame
8 weeks
Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Change in reading rate during reading after 8 weeks of oculomotor training
Description
reading rate in number of words/min and fixation duration measured in seconds
Time Frame
8 weeks
Title
Change in perceptual span (words per fixation) during reading after 8 weeks of oculomotor training
Description
perceptual span measured in words per fixation
Time Frame
8 weeks
Title
Change in fixation duration (seconds) during reading after 8 weeks of oculomotor training
Description
fixation duration measured in seconds
Time Frame
8 weeks
Title
Change in symptom scores after 8 weeks of oculomotor training
Description
symptom scores is calculated with a scale of 0 to 4 for all the 8 items of manifested symptoms
Time Frame
8 weeks
10. Eligibility
Sex
All
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
8 Years
Maximum Age & Unit of Time
9 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
Reported by teachers or parents to have reading difficulties and failed to meet the Taylor reading eye movement norms when tested with the Visagraph III (below age norm for both fixation and regression number).
Studying in mainstream primary schools (8-9 years of age)
With normal near visual acuities for both eyes (with or without spectacles)
Hyperopia below +4.00 D
Myopia below -4.00 D
Astigmatism below -2.00 D
Anisometropia less than 2.0 D difference between the two eyes
Near heterophoria within 0-4 exophoria
Vertical heterophoria less than 1 prism dioptre
Monocular amplitude of accommodation over 10 D in both eyes
With parents who were willing to perform vision therapy exercises for the children at home on a regular basis
Both genders were acceptable as Eden et al (1994) stated that gender had no effect on oculomotor skills
Exclusion criteria:
With strabismus
Presence of eye diseases
History of dyslexia (learning disability) or developmental delay
Overall Study Officials:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Carly SY Lam
Organizational Affiliation
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Official's Role
Principal Investigator
12. IPD Sharing Statement
Plan to Share IPD
No
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