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Safety and Immunogenicity of a First-in-Human Mosquito Saliva Peptide Vaccine

Primary Purpose

Mosquito-Borne Disease

Status
Completed
Phase
Phase 1
Locations
United States
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
AGS-v
AGS-v + adjuvant
Placebo
Sponsored by
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
About
Eligibility
Locations
Arms
Outcomes
Full info

About this trial

This is an interventional other trial for Mosquito-Borne Disease focused on measuring Mosquito-Borne Diseases, Universal Mosquito Vaccine, Mosquito Transmission, Vector Borne Viruses, Vaccine

Eligibility Criteria

18 Years - 50 Years (Adult)All SexesAccepts Healthy Volunteers

-INCLUSION CRITERIA:

  1. Healthy women and men who are greater than or equal to 18 and less than or equal to 50 years of age.
  2. Willingness to complete all study visits and comply with all study requirements.
  3. A male subject is eligible for the study if he agrees to practicing abstinence or using a condom with spermicide plus an acceptable form of contraception (see inclusion criteria 4) being used by any female partner from 4 weeks before study start to 12 weeks after the second vaccine administration.
  4. A female participant is eligible for this study if she is not pregnant or breast feeding and 1 of the following:

    • Of non-child bearing potential (i.e., women who have had a hysterectomy or tubal ligation or are postmenopausal, as defined by no menses in greater than or equal to 1 year).
    • Of childbearing potential but agrees to practice effective contraception or abstinence for 4 weeks prior to study initiation through 12 weeks after the second vaccine administration. Acceptable methods of contraception include a male partner who is sterile and is the sole sexual partner of the female participant or a male partner who uses a condom with spermicide plus 1 or more of the following: 1) implants of levonorgestrel; 2) injectable progestogen; 3) an intrauterine device with a documented failure rate of <1%; 4) oral contraceptives; and 5) double barrier method including diaphragm.
  5. Willing to have samples stored for future research (including genetic research).
  6. Agrees to abstain from alcohol intake for 24 hours prior to each study visit.
  7. Agrees to not donate blood or blood products throughout the study.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

  1. Participant has any underlying or current medical condition, which, in the opinion of the Investigator, would interfere with the participation in the study.
  2. Individual with body mass index (BMI) less than or equal to 18 and greater than or equal to 40.
  3. Participants who have a clinically significant (as determined by the PI) baseline Grade 1 or greater toxicity, or any Grade 3 or greater toxicity (regardless of clinical significance) by the toxicity table.
  4. Receipt of blood or blood products (including immunoglobulins) within 3 months prior to enrollment.
  5. Receipt of any unlicensed drug within 3 months or 5.5 half-lives (whichever is greater) prior to enrollment.
  6. Receipt of any unlicensed vaccine within 6 months prior to enrollment.
  7. Self-reported or known history of alcoholism or drug abuse within 6 months prior to enrollment, or positive urine/serum test for drugs of abuse at screening
  8. Self-reported or known history of psychiatric or psychological issues that require treatment and are deemed by the PI to be a contraindication to protocol participation.
  9. History of a previous severe allergic reaction with generalized urticaria, angioedema, anaphylaxis or anaphylactoid reaction.
  10. Any condition or event that, in the judgment of the PI, is a contraindication to protocol participation or impairs the volunteer's ability to give informed consent.
  11. Has a known allergy to any of the components of the vaccine.
  12. Has a history of severe immunization reaction.
  13. Has a severe allergic reaction to mosquito bites

Sites / Locations

  • National Institutes of Health Clinical Center

Arms of the Study

Arm 1

Arm 2

Arm 3

Arm Type

Experimental

Experimental

Placebo Comparator

Arm Label

AGS-v

AGS-v with adjuvant

Placebo

Arm Description

AGS-v (unadjuvanted) as a suspension in WFI (0.5mL) on Day 0 and on Day 21

ISA-51-adjuvanted AGS-v emulsified in WFI (0.5mL)on Day 0 and on Day 21

WFI (0.5mL) on Day 0 and Day 21

Outcomes

Primary Outcome Measures

AEs Grade 3 or Higher
Grade 3 or higher adverse events identified within 1 year after 2 vaccinations 21 days apart.
GM-CSF Cytokine Level as Measured by Luminex
Interferon-gamma and other cytokine markers of Th1 and Th2 response measured in vitro from PBMCs incubated with AGS-v antigens as indicators of Th1 vs. Th2 response
IL-10 Cytokine Level as Measured by Luminex
Interferon-gamma and other cytokine markers of Th1 and Th2 response measured in vitro from PBMCs incubated with AGS-v antigens as indicators of Th1 vs. Th2 response
IL-1B Cytokine Level as Measured by Luminex
Interferon-gamma and other cytokine markers of Th1 and Th2 response measured in vitro from PBMCs incubated with AGS-v antigens as indicators of Th1 vs. Th2 response
IL-2 Cytokine Level as Measured by Luminex
Interferon-gamma and other cytokine markers of Th1 and Th2 response measured in vitro from PBMCs incubated with AGS-v antigens as indicators of Th1 vs. Th2 response
IL-4 Cytokine Level as Measured by Luminex
Interferon-gamma and other cytokine markers of Th1 and Th2 response measured in vitro from PBMCs incubated with AGS-v antigens as indicators of Th1 vs. Th2 response
IL-5 Cytokine Level as Measured by Luminex
Interferon-gamma and other cytokine markers of Th1 and Th2 response measured in vitro from PBMCs incubated with AGS-v antigens as indicators of Th1 vs. Th2 response
Interferon-gamma Cytokine Level as Measured by Luminex
Interferon-gamma and other cytokine markers of Th1 and Th2 response measured in vitro from PBMCs incubated with AGS-v antigens as indicators of Th1 vs. Th2 response
Number of Subjects With 1 or More Aes
Percent of people with an AE
Number of Subjects With 1 or More Grade 3 or Higher AE
Percent of people with a Grade 3 or higher AE
TNF-a Cytokine Level as Measured by Luminex
Interferon-gamma and other cytokine markers of Th1 and Th2 response measured in vitro from PBMCs incubated with AGS-v antigens as indicators of Th1 vs. Th2 response
Total AGS-v Specific Immunoglobulin
Total AGS-v specific immunoglobulin measured in serum 14 days after the first and/or second vaccination.

Secondary Outcome Measures

GM-CSF Cytokine Level as Measured by Luminex
Interferon-gamma and other cytokine markers of Th1 and Th2 response measured in vitro from PBMCs incubated with AGS-v antigens as indicators of Th1 vs. Th2 response
IL-10 Cytokine Level as Measured by Luminex
Interferon-gamma and other cytokine markers of Th1 and Th2 response measured in vitro from PBMCs incubated with AGS-v antigens as indicators of Th1 vs. Th2 response
IL-1B Cytokine Level as Measured by Luminex
Interferon-gamma and other cytokine markers of Th1 and Th2 response measured in vitro from PBMCs incubated with AGS-v antigens as indicators of Th1 vs. Th2 response
IL-2 Cytokine Level as Measured by Luminex
Interferon-gamma and other cytokine markers of Th1 and Th2 response measured in vitro from PBMCs incubated with AGS-v antigens as indicators of Th1 vs. Th2 response
IL-4 Cytokine Level as Measured by Luminex
Interferon-gamma and other cytokine markers of Th1 and Th2 response measured in vitro from PBMCs incubated with AGS-v antigens as indicators of Th1 vs. Th2 response
IL-5 Cytokine Level as Measured by Luminex
Interferon-gamma and other cytokine markers of Th1 and Th2 response measured in vitro from PBMCs incubated with AGS-v antigens as indicators of Th1 vs. Th2 response
Interferon-gamma Cytokine Level as Measured by Luminex
Interferon-gamma and other cytokine markers of Th1 and Th2 response measured in vitro from PBMCs incubated with AGS-v antigens as indicators of Th1 vs. Th2 response
Number of Adults Developed From 100 Eggs
Measurement of changes to Aedes aegypti mosquito life cycle post feeding on blood from participants after vaccination
Number of Eggs Laid
Measurement of changes to Aedes aegypti mosquito life cycle post feeding on blood from participants after vaccination
Number of Pupae Hatched of 100 Eggs
Measurement of changes to Aedes aegypti mosquito life cycle post feeding on blood from participants after vaccination
Percent of Eggs That Developed Into Pupae
Measurement of changes to Aedes aegypti mosquito life cycle post feeding on blood from participants after vaccination
Percent of Pupae That Developed Into Adults
Measurement of changes to Aedes aegypti mosquito life cycle post feeding on blood from participants after vaccination
TNF-a Cytokine Level as Measured by Luminex
Interferon-gamma and other cytokine markers of Th1 and Th2 response measured in vitro from PBMCs incubated with AGS-v antigens as indicators of Th1 vs. Th2 response
Total AGS-v Specific Immunoglobulin
Total AGS-v specific immunoglobulin measured in serum after the first and/or second vaccination.

Full Information

First Posted
February 14, 2017
Last Updated
August 3, 2020
Sponsor
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
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1. Study Identification

Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT03055000
Brief Title
Safety and Immunogenicity of a First-in-Human Mosquito Saliva Peptide Vaccine
Official Title
Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 1 Study in Healthy Volunteers to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of AGS-v, a Universal Mosquito-Borne Disease Vaccine
Study Type
Interventional

2. Study Status

Record Verification Date
December 2018
Overall Recruitment Status
Completed
Study Start Date
February 15, 2017 (Actual)
Primary Completion Date
December 28, 2018 (Actual)
Study Completion Date
December 28, 2018 (Actual)

3. Sponsor/Collaborators

Responsible Party, by Official Title
Sponsor
Name of the Sponsor
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)

4. Oversight

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product
Yes
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product
No

5. Study Description

Brief Summary
Background: Mosquitos carry diseases that cause major health problems and death worldwide. The AGS-v vaccine targets proteins in mosquito saliva. This may help prevent many mosquito-borne diseases. It might also reduce the lifespan of the mosquito that bites the vaccinated person. Objective: To see if the AGS-v vaccine is safe in humans and how it affects the immune system. Eligibility: Healthy adults ages 18-50 Design: Participants will be screened another study. Participants will be randomly assigned to get either the vaccine with a booster vaccine, the vaccine without the booster, or a placebo. These are given through a needle in the upper arm. Participants will have visits that include medical history, physical exam, and blood and urine tests: Baseline: They will get the vaccine and be monitored for 2 hours. Follow-up visits 1 and 2 weeks after baseline. Visit 3 weeks after baseline: They will get the booster and be monitored for 2 hours. Follow-up visits 1 and 2 weeks after booster visit. Visit 3-5 weeks after booster visit: This includes mosquito feeding. Mosquitos grown in the lab will be allowed to bite the arm. Blood will be drawn 4 times in the 3 hours after the feeding. Phone follow-up a few days after the mosquito feeding. After the feeding visit, 5 follow-up visits about every 2 months Participants will keep a symptom diary for 7 days after each vaccine. They will record their temperature. They will measure any redness around the injection site. They will document and if possible photograph any mosquito bites they get.
Detailed Description
Mosquito-borne diseases continue to cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide despite on-going control efforts. In 2015, there were >200 million cases of malaria worldwide, causing nearly half a million deaths, with most of the deaths occurring among children under the age of 5 years. Mosquitos also transmit arboviruses, including dengue, yellow fever, West Nile virus, chikungunya, Rift Valley fever, Japanese encephalitis, and Zika virus. The current new outbreak of Zika virus in Central and South America, as well as the Caribbean, serves as a reminder of how quickly these viruses can spread and how difficult they can be to control. In this protocol we plan to perform a Phase I study of a novel universal mosquito-borne disease vaccine. Through modulation of the immune system after a mosquito feeding, this vaccine targets the vector saliva and may provide prophylaxis against multiple arboviral and protozoal diseases. In addition the vaccine potentially leads to a reduced mosquito lifespan after feeding therefore also reducing transmission of these diseases. In this protocol we hope to demonstrate the safety of this vaccine similar to SEEK s other peptide based vaccines Flu-v and HIV-v that have been found to have very good safety profiles in previous Phase I trials. We also hope to demonstrate immunomodulation after a controlled clean Aedes aegypti mosquito feeding to demonstrate proof of concept efficacy of the vaccine. With the current rise of Zika in the Americas and the threat of local mosquito transmission in the U.S. and the rest of the world, a successful universal mosquito-borne disease vaccine offers the benefit of targeting this emerging disease as well as the many established infections such as dengue and malaria that make dealing with this newly emerging epidemic a challenge.

6. Conditions and Keywords

Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Mosquito-Borne Disease
Keywords
Mosquito-Borne Diseases, Universal Mosquito Vaccine, Mosquito Transmission, Vector Borne Viruses, Vaccine

7. Study Design

Primary Purpose
Other
Study Phase
Phase 1
Interventional Study Model
Parallel Assignment
Masking
ParticipantCare ProviderInvestigatorOutcomes Assessor
Allocation
Randomized
Enrollment
49 (Actual)

8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions

Arm Title
AGS-v
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
AGS-v (unadjuvanted) as a suspension in WFI (0.5mL) on Day 0 and on Day 21
Arm Title
AGS-v with adjuvant
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
ISA-51-adjuvanted AGS-v emulsified in WFI (0.5mL)on Day 0 and on Day 21
Arm Title
Placebo
Arm Type
Placebo Comparator
Arm Description
WFI (0.5mL) on Day 0 and Day 21
Intervention Type
Biological
Intervention Name(s)
AGS-v
Intervention Description
AGS-v (unadjuvanted) as a suspension in WFI (0.5mL) on Day 0 and on Day 21
Intervention Type
Biological
Intervention Name(s)
AGS-v + adjuvant
Intervention Description
ISA-51-adjuvanted AGS-v emulsified in WFI (0.5mL) on Day 0 and on Day 21
Intervention Type
Other
Intervention Name(s)
Placebo
Intervention Description
WFI (0.5mL) on Day 0 and Day 21
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
AEs Grade 3 or Higher
Description
Grade 3 or higher adverse events identified within 1 year after 2 vaccinations 21 days apart.
Time Frame
1 year after vaccination (study duration)
Title
GM-CSF Cytokine Level as Measured by Luminex
Description
Interferon-gamma and other cytokine markers of Th1 and Th2 response measured in vitro from PBMCs incubated with AGS-v antigens as indicators of Th1 vs. Th2 response
Time Frame
21 days after last vaccination
Title
IL-10 Cytokine Level as Measured by Luminex
Description
Interferon-gamma and other cytokine markers of Th1 and Th2 response measured in vitro from PBMCs incubated with AGS-v antigens as indicators of Th1 vs. Th2 response
Time Frame
21 days after last vaccination
Title
IL-1B Cytokine Level as Measured by Luminex
Description
Interferon-gamma and other cytokine markers of Th1 and Th2 response measured in vitro from PBMCs incubated with AGS-v antigens as indicators of Th1 vs. Th2 response
Time Frame
21 days after last vaccination
Title
IL-2 Cytokine Level as Measured by Luminex
Description
Interferon-gamma and other cytokine markers of Th1 and Th2 response measured in vitro from PBMCs incubated with AGS-v antigens as indicators of Th1 vs. Th2 response
Time Frame
21 days after last vaccination
Title
IL-4 Cytokine Level as Measured by Luminex
Description
Interferon-gamma and other cytokine markers of Th1 and Th2 response measured in vitro from PBMCs incubated with AGS-v antigens as indicators of Th1 vs. Th2 response
Time Frame
21 days after last vaccination
Title
IL-5 Cytokine Level as Measured by Luminex
Description
Interferon-gamma and other cytokine markers of Th1 and Th2 response measured in vitro from PBMCs incubated with AGS-v antigens as indicators of Th1 vs. Th2 response
Time Frame
21 days after last vaccination
Title
Interferon-gamma Cytokine Level as Measured by Luminex
Description
Interferon-gamma and other cytokine markers of Th1 and Th2 response measured in vitro from PBMCs incubated with AGS-v antigens as indicators of Th1 vs. Th2 response
Time Frame
21 days after last vaccination
Title
Number of Subjects With 1 or More Aes
Description
Percent of people with an AE
Time Frame
1 year after vaccination (study duration)
Title
Number of Subjects With 1 or More Grade 3 or Higher AE
Description
Percent of people with a Grade 3 or higher AE
Time Frame
1 year after vaccination (study duration)
Title
TNF-a Cytokine Level as Measured by Luminex
Description
Interferon-gamma and other cytokine markers of Th1 and Th2 response measured in vitro from PBMCs incubated with AGS-v antigens as indicators of Th1 vs. Th2 response
Time Frame
21 days after last vaccination
Title
Total AGS-v Specific Immunoglobulin
Description
Total AGS-v specific immunoglobulin measured in serum 14 days after the first and/or second vaccination.
Time Frame
21 days after last vaccination
Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
GM-CSF Cytokine Level as Measured by Luminex
Description
Interferon-gamma and other cytokine markers of Th1 and Th2 response measured in vitro from PBMCs incubated with AGS-v antigens as indicators of Th1 vs. Th2 response
Time Frame
60 days after Day 42 Mosquito Feeding
Title
IL-10 Cytokine Level as Measured by Luminex
Description
Interferon-gamma and other cytokine markers of Th1 and Th2 response measured in vitro from PBMCs incubated with AGS-v antigens as indicators of Th1 vs. Th2 response
Time Frame
60 days after Day 42 Mosquito Feeding
Title
IL-1B Cytokine Level as Measured by Luminex
Description
Interferon-gamma and other cytokine markers of Th1 and Th2 response measured in vitro from PBMCs incubated with AGS-v antigens as indicators of Th1 vs. Th2 response
Time Frame
60 days after Day 42 Mosquito Feeding
Title
IL-2 Cytokine Level as Measured by Luminex
Description
Interferon-gamma and other cytokine markers of Th1 and Th2 response measured in vitro from PBMCs incubated with AGS-v antigens as indicators of Th1 vs. Th2 response
Time Frame
60 days after Day 42 Mosquito Feeding
Title
IL-4 Cytokine Level as Measured by Luminex
Description
Interferon-gamma and other cytokine markers of Th1 and Th2 response measured in vitro from PBMCs incubated with AGS-v antigens as indicators of Th1 vs. Th2 response
Time Frame
60 days after Day 42 Mosquito Feeding
Title
IL-5 Cytokine Level as Measured by Luminex
Description
Interferon-gamma and other cytokine markers of Th1 and Th2 response measured in vitro from PBMCs incubated with AGS-v antigens as indicators of Th1 vs. Th2 response
Time Frame
60 days after Day 42 Mosquito Feeding
Title
Interferon-gamma Cytokine Level as Measured by Luminex
Description
Interferon-gamma and other cytokine markers of Th1 and Th2 response measured in vitro from PBMCs incubated with AGS-v antigens as indicators of Th1 vs. Th2 response
Time Frame
60 days after Day 42 Mosquito Feeding
Title
Number of Adults Developed From 100 Eggs
Description
Measurement of changes to Aedes aegypti mosquito life cycle post feeding on blood from participants after vaccination
Time Frame
Day 42 Mosquito feeding
Title
Number of Eggs Laid
Description
Measurement of changes to Aedes aegypti mosquito life cycle post feeding on blood from participants after vaccination
Time Frame
Day 42 Mosquito feeding
Title
Number of Pupae Hatched of 100 Eggs
Description
Measurement of changes to Aedes aegypti mosquito life cycle post feeding on blood from participants after vaccination
Time Frame
Day 42 Mosquito feeding
Title
Percent of Eggs That Developed Into Pupae
Description
Measurement of changes to Aedes aegypti mosquito life cycle post feeding on blood from participants after vaccination
Time Frame
Day 42 Mosquito feeding
Title
Percent of Pupae That Developed Into Adults
Description
Measurement of changes to Aedes aegypti mosquito life cycle post feeding on blood from participants after vaccination
Time Frame
Day 42 Mosquito feeding
Title
TNF-a Cytokine Level as Measured by Luminex
Description
Interferon-gamma and other cytokine markers of Th1 and Th2 response measured in vitro from PBMCs incubated with AGS-v antigens as indicators of Th1 vs. Th2 response
Time Frame
60 days after Day 42 Mosquito Feeding
Title
Total AGS-v Specific Immunoglobulin
Description
Total AGS-v specific immunoglobulin measured in serum after the first and/or second vaccination.
Time Frame
60 days after Day 42 Mosquito Feeding

10. Eligibility

Sex
All
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
18 Years
Maximum Age & Unit of Time
50 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Eligibility Criteria
-INCLUSION CRITERIA: Healthy women and men who are greater than or equal to 18 and less than or equal to 50 years of age. Willingness to complete all study visits and comply with all study requirements. A male subject is eligible for the study if he agrees to practicing abstinence or using a condom with spermicide plus an acceptable form of contraception (see inclusion criteria 4) being used by any female partner from 4 weeks before study start to 12 weeks after the second vaccine administration. A female participant is eligible for this study if she is not pregnant or breast feeding and 1 of the following: Of non-child bearing potential (i.e., women who have had a hysterectomy or tubal ligation or are postmenopausal, as defined by no menses in greater than or equal to 1 year). Of childbearing potential but agrees to practice effective contraception or abstinence for 4 weeks prior to study initiation through 12 weeks after the second vaccine administration. Acceptable methods of contraception include a male partner who is sterile and is the sole sexual partner of the female participant or a male partner who uses a condom with spermicide plus 1 or more of the following: 1) implants of levonorgestrel; 2) injectable progestogen; 3) an intrauterine device with a documented failure rate of <1%; 4) oral contraceptives; and 5) double barrier method including diaphragm. Willing to have samples stored for future research (including genetic research). Agrees to abstain from alcohol intake for 24 hours prior to each study visit. Agrees to not donate blood or blood products throughout the study. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Participant has any underlying or current medical condition, which, in the opinion of the Investigator, would interfere with the participation in the study. Individual with body mass index (BMI) less than or equal to 18 and greater than or equal to 40. Participants who have a clinically significant (as determined by the PI) baseline Grade 1 or greater toxicity, or any Grade 3 or greater toxicity (regardless of clinical significance) by the toxicity table. Receipt of blood or blood products (including immunoglobulins) within 3 months prior to enrollment. Receipt of any unlicensed drug within 3 months or 5.5 half-lives (whichever is greater) prior to enrollment. Receipt of any unlicensed vaccine within 6 months prior to enrollment. Self-reported or known history of alcoholism or drug abuse within 6 months prior to enrollment, or positive urine/serum test for drugs of abuse at screening Self-reported or known history of psychiatric or psychological issues that require treatment and are deemed by the PI to be a contraindication to protocol participation. History of a previous severe allergic reaction with generalized urticaria, angioedema, anaphylaxis or anaphylactoid reaction. Any condition or event that, in the judgment of the PI, is a contraindication to protocol participation or impairs the volunteer's ability to give informed consent. Has a known allergy to any of the components of the vaccine. Has a history of severe immunization reaction. Has a severe allergic reaction to mosquito bites
Overall Study Officials:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Matthew J Memoli, M.D.
Organizational Affiliation
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Official's Role
Principal Investigator
Facility Information:
Facility Name
National Institutes of Health Clinical Center
City
Bethesda
State/Province
Maryland
ZIP/Postal Code
20892
Country
United States

12. IPD Sharing Statement

Citations:
PubMed Identifier
8814051
Citation
Peng Z, Yang M, Simons FE. Immunologic mechanisms in mosquito allergy: correlation of skin reactions with specific IgE and IgG antibodies and lymphocyte proliferation response to mosquito antigens. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1996 Sep;77(3):238-44. doi: 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)63262-0.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
9347958
Citation
Sidjanski S, Vanderberg JP. Delayed migration of Plasmodium sporozoites from the mosquito bite site to the blood. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1997 Oct;57(4):426-9. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1997.57.426.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
2880553
Citation
Ribeiro JM. Role of saliva in blood-feeding by arthropods. Annu Rev Entomol. 1987;32:463-78. doi: 10.1146/annurev.en.32.010187.002335. No abstract available.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
32534628
Citation
Manning JE, Oliveira F, Coutinho-Abreu IV, Herbert S, Meneses C, Kamhawi S, Baus HA, Han A, Czajkowski L, Rosas LA, Cervantes-Medina A, Athota R, Reed S, Mateja A, Hunsberger S, James E, Pleguezuelos O, Stoloff G, Valenzuela JG, Memoli MJ. Safety and immunogenicity of a mosquito saliva peptide-based vaccine: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase 1 trial. Lancet. 2020 Jun 27;395(10242):1998-2007. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31048-5. Epub 2020 Jun 11.
Results Reference
derived

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Safety and Immunogenicity of a First-in-Human Mosquito Saliva Peptide Vaccine

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