Trametinib in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia
Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia, Neurofibromatosis Type 1
About this trial
This is an interventional treatment trial for Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
- Patients must be >= 1 month and < 22 years of age at the time of study entry
Patients must have had histologic verification of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) at original diagnosis and currently have relapsed or refractory disease; the diagnosis is made based on the following criteria
JMML category 1 (all of the following): the diagnostic criteria must include all features in category 1 and EITHER (i) one of the features in category 2 OR (ii) two features from category 3 to make the diagnosis
- Splenomegaly
- > 1000 (1 x 10^9/uL) circulating monocytes
- < 20% blasts in the bone marrow or peripheral blood
- Absence of the t(9;22) or BCR/ABL fusion gene
JMML category 2 (at least one of the following if at least two category 3 criteria are not present):
- Somatic mutation in RAS or PTPN11
- Clinical diagnosis of NF1 or NF1 gene mutation
- Homozygous mutation in CBL
- Monosomy 7
JMML category 3 (at least two of the following if no category 2 criteria are met):
- Circulating myeloid precursors
- White blood cell count, > 10 000 (10 x 10^9/ uL)
- Increased hemoglobin F for age
- Clonal cytogenetic abnormality
- GM-CSF hypersensitivity
- Patients with refractory or relapsed JMML must have had at least one cycle of intensive frontline therapy or at least 2 cycles of a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) demethylating agent with persistence of disease, defined by clinical symptoms or the presence of a clonal abnormality; frontline therapy is defined as one cycle of intravenous chemotherapy that includes any of the following agents: fludarabine, cytarabine, or any anthracycline but specifically excludes oral 6-mercaptopurine; frontline therapy will also include any conditioning regimen as part of a stem cell transplant; patients who transform to AML at any point with more than 20% blasts are not eligible for this trial
- Patients must have a Lansky or Karnofsky performance status score of >= 50, corresponding to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) categories 0, 1 or 2; use Karnofsky for patients > 16 years of age and Lansky for patients =< 16 years of age; patients who are unable to walk because of paralysis, but who are up in a wheelchair, will be considered ambulatory for the purpose of assessing the performance score
Patients must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiotherapy prior to study enrollment
Myelosuppressive chemotherapy: patients must have completely recovered from all acute toxic effects of chemotherapy, immunotherapy or radiotherapy prior to study enrollment; at least 14 days must have elapsed since the completion of cytotoxic therapy, with the exception of hydroxyurea
- Note: cytoreduction with hydroxyurea can be initiated and continued for up to 24 hours prior to the start of protocol therapy
- Hematopoietic growth factors: at least 14 days after the last dose of a long-acting growth factor (e.g., pegfilgrastim) or 7 days for short-acting growth factor; for agents that have known adverse events occurring beyond 7 days after administration, this period must be extended beyond the time during which adverse events are known to occur
- Biologic (anti-neoplastic agent): at least 7 days must have elapsed since completion of therapy with a biologic agent; for agents that have known adverse events occurring beyond 7 days after administration, this period prior to enrollment must be extended beyond the time during which adverse events are known to occur
Monoclonal antibodies:
- At least 30 days after the completion of any type of immunotherapy, e.g. tumor vaccines
- At least 3 half-lives must have elapsed since prior therapy that included a monoclonal antibody
Radiotherapy:
- >= 2 weeks must have elapsed since local palliative external radiation therapy (XRT) (small port)
- >= 6 months must have elapsed if prior craniospinal XRT was received, if >= 50% of the pelvis was irradiated, or if traumatic brain injury (TBI) was received
- >= 4 weeks must have elapsed if other substantial bone marrow irradiation was given
- Stem cell transplant or rescue without TBI: no evidence of active graft versus (vs.) host disease and >= 3 months must have elapsed since transplant; >= 4 weeks must have elapsed since any donor lymphocyte infusion
- Patients must not be known to be refractory to red blood cell or platelet transfusions
Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) >= 70 mL/min/1.73 m^2 (within 7 days prior to enrollment) or a serum creatinine based on age/gender as follows (within 7 days prior to enrollment):
Age: Maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL)
- 1 month to < 6 months: 0.4 (male) 0.4 (female)
- 6 months to < 1 year: 0.5 (male) 0.5 (female)
- 1 to < 2 years: 0.6 (male) 0.6 (female)
- 2 to < 6 years: 0.8 (male) 0.8 (female)
- 6 to < 10 years: 1 (male) 1 (female)
- 10 to < 13 years: 1.2 (male) 1.2 (female)
- 13 to < 16 years: 1.5 (male) 1.4 (female)
- >= 16 years: 1.7 (male) 1.4 (female)
- Total bilirubin =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age (within 7 days prior to enrollment)
- Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) (alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) =< 3 x ULN (=< 135 U/L) (within 7 days prior to enrollment) (for the purpose of this study, the ULN for SGPT is 45 U/L)
- Serum albumin >= 2 g/dL (within 7 days prior to enrollment)
- Shortening fraction of >= 27% by echocardiogram OR ejection fraction of >= 50% by multi-gated acquisition (MUGA)
- Corrected QT (by Bazett's formula [QTcB]) interval < 450 msecs
- Patients must be able to swallow tablets or liquid; use of a nasogastric or gastrostomy (G) tube is also allowed
Exclusion Criteria:
- Patients who are pregnant or breast-feeding are not eligible for this study as there is yet no available information regarding human fetal or teratogenic toxicities; negative pregnancy tests must be obtained in girls who are post-menarchal; patients of reproductive potential may not participate unless they have agreed to use an effective contraceptive method for the duration of study therapy; women of childbearing potential should be advised to use effective contraception for 4 months after the last dose of trametinib; trametinib may also potentially be secreted in milk and therefore breastfeeding women are excluded; female patients should not breastfeed during treatment with trametinib, and for 4 months following the last dose; male patients must use a condom during intercourse and agree not to father a child during therapy and for 4 months following discontinuation of trametinib to avoid unnecessary exposure of trametinib to the fetus
Concomitant Medications
Corticosteroids: patients requiring corticosteroids who have not been on a stable or decreasing dose of corticosteroid for the 7 days prior to enrollment are not eligible; if used to modify immune adverse events related to prior therapy, >= 14 days must have elapsed since last dose of corticosteroid
- Note: hydrocortisone used as a pre-medication to prevent transfusion related reactions is not considered a concomitant corticosteroid
- Investigational drugs: patients who are currently receiving another investigational drug are not eligible
- Anti-cancer agents: patients who are currently receiving other anti-cancer agents are not eligible (except patients receiving hydroxyurea, which may be continued until 24 hours prior to start of protocol therapy)
- Anti-graft versus host disease (GVHD) or agents to prevent organ rejection post-transplant: patients who are receiving cyclosporine, tacrolimus or other agents to prevent either graft-versus-host disease post bone marrow transplant or organ rejection post-transplant are not eligible for this trial
- Cardiac medications: any medications for treatment of left ventricular systolic dysfunction
- Patients who have an uncontrolled infection are not eligible
- Patients who in the opinion of the investigator may not be able to comply with the safety monitoring requirements of the study are not eligible
- Patients with a history of hepatic sinusoid obstructive syndrome (veno-occlusive disease) within the prior 3 months are not eligible
- Patients with a history of or current evidence/risk of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) or central serous retinopathy (CSR) are not eligible
- Patients with a history of RVO or CSR, or predisposing factors to RVO or CSR (e.g., uncontrolled glaucoma or ocular hypertension
- Patients with uncontrolled systemic disease(s) such as hypertension or diabetes mellitus are not eligible; blood pressure must be =< the 95th percentile for age, height, and gender
- Patients with a history of allergic reaction attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to the MEK inhibitor, trametinib are not eligible
- Patients with a clinical diagnosis of Noonan syndrome are not eligible; Note: patients with Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (CBL) syndrome, also known as Noonan-like syndrome, are eligible to enroll
Sites / Locations
- Children's Hospital of Alabama
- Phoenix Childrens Hospital
- Arkansas Children's Hospital
- Kaiser Permanente Downey Medical Center
- Loma Linda University Medical Center
- Kaiser Permanente-Oakland
- Children's Hospital of Orange County
- Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford University
- UCSF Medical Center-Mission Bay
- Children's Hospital Colorado
- Rocky Mountain Hospital for Children-Presbyterian Saint Luke's Medical Center
- Connecticut Children's Medical Center
- Alfred I duPont Hospital for Children
- MedStar Georgetown University Hospital
- Children's National Medical Center
- Nemours Children's Clinic-Jacksonville
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine-Sylvester Cancer Center
- Nicklaus Children's Hospital
- Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children
- Nemours Children's Hospital
- Saint Joseph's Hospital/Children's Hospital-Tampa
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta - Egleston
- Lurie Children's Hospital-Chicago
- Saint Jude Midwest Affiliate
- Riley Hospital for Children
- University of Iowa/Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center
- University of Kentucky/Markey Cancer Center
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
- C S Mott Children's Hospital
- Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota - Minneapolis
- University of Minnesota/Masonic Cancer Center
- Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics
- Washington University School of Medicine
- The Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York
- Mount Sinai Hospital
- NYP/Columbia University Medical Center/Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Carolinas Medical Center/Levine Cancer Institute
- Duke University Medical Center
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
- Nationwide Children's Hospital
- Dayton Children's Hospital
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
- Oregon Health and Science University
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC
- BI-LO Charities Children's Cancer Center
- Saint Jude Children's Research Hospital
- The Children's Hospital at TriStar Centennial
- Vanderbilt University/Ingram Cancer Center
- Dell Children's Medical Center of Central Texas
- UT Southwestern/Simmons Cancer Center-Dallas
- Baylor College of Medicine/Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Methodist Children's Hospital of South Texas
- Primary Children's Hospital
- Seattle Children's Hospital
- Children's Hospital of Wisconsin
Arms of the Study
Arm 1
Experimental
Treatment (trametinib)
Patients receive trametinib PO QD on days 1-28 of each cycle. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 12 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo a bone marrow aspiration or biopsy at baseline, on day 28 of cycles 1 and 2, at all subsequent odd numbered cycles, and at end of treatment.