Effects of Physical Training on Bone Turnover and Quality of Life in Osteopenic Postmenopausal Women.
Osteopenia, Bone Turnover Markers, Quality of Life
About this trial
This is an interventional treatment trial for Osteopenia focused on measuring Osteopenia, Physical activity, Bone turnover markers, Osteoprogenitor cells, Quality of life
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
- postmenopausal
- bone mineral density T-score less than -1 but more than -2.5 in the total hip or lumbar spine (L1-L4) by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry
- be able to attend an exercise program 2 times per week over the 3-month period
- stated availability throughout the entire study period
Exclusion Criteria:
- secondary causes of bone loss such as osteomalacia, glucocorticoid medication
- co-morbidities that would interfere with participation in exercise such as severe heart or pulmonary disease, inflammatory joint disease, severe osteoarthritis, psychiatric condition
- physical or orthopaedic disabilities that would place the subject at risk or limit their ability to perform exercise
- a past vertebral fracture
- history of chronic diseases, such as renal, hepatic, cardiac, and rheumatic diseases
- current or prior use of drugs that could interfere with bone mass (i.e. glucocorticoids, antiresorptive drugs and hormonal replacement therapy)
Sites / Locations
Arms of the Study
Arm 1
Arm 2
Experimental
No Intervention
Physical Exercise
No additional physical exercise
The exercise program was performed at C.U.R.I.A.Mo. Institute of "Università degli Studi di Perugia". Twenty-four exercise sessions were provided, carried out twice a week for three months. Each session was supervised by two graduated trainers and two medical doctors with a maximum attendance of 5 patient/group. Each session lasted 45 minutes divided into 15 minutes of aerobic activity and 30 minutes of weight-bearing and resistance activities. This latter section was specifically projected for adults and older adults with increased risk of fractures and was intended to improve muscle strength and flexibility, balance and, as a result, to prevent the risk of falls.
Usual recommendations for prevention of fractures in adults and elderly.