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The Individualized M(X) Drug-resistant TB Treatment Strategy Study (InDEX)

Primary Purpose

Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant

Status
Terminated
Phase
Phase 4
Locations
South Africa
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
Individualized TB treatment with multiple drugs
Standardized TB treatment with multiple drugs
Sponsored by
Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa
About
Eligibility
Locations
Arms
Outcomes
Full info

About this trial

This is an interventional treatment trial for Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant focused on measuring whole genome sequencing;

Eligibility Criteria

18 Years - undefined (Adult, Older Adult)All SexesDoes not accept healthy volunteers

Inclusion Criteria

  • Adults ≥ 18 years of age
  • Pulmonary Tuberculosis
  • Microbiological confirmation [e.g. GeneXpert Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB) detected and Rifampicin (RIF) resistant and / Line Probe Assay (LPA)] of Multi drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) / Pre-Extremely drug-resistant tuberculosis (Pre-XDR-TB) / Extremely drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB)
  • Capacity for providing informed consent
  • HIV status - HIV infected and uninfected patients are allowed in the study:

    • Patients already on antiretroviral treatment (ART) will be allowed in the study. The antiretroviral treatment regimen will be evaluated for any contraindications to the drugs used.
    • HIV infected patients at any CD4 count irrespective of antiretroviral treatment commencement and duration will be included in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Persons suffering from any serious acute condition.
  • Any other chronic or clinically significant medical condition that in the opinion of the attending clinician would render the patient unsuitable for participation in the study.

Sites / Locations

  • King Dinuzulu Hospital

Arms of the Study

Arm 1

Arm 2

Arm Type

Experimental

Active Comparator

Arm Label

Individualized treatment for drug resistant tuberculosis

Standard treatment regimen for drug resistant tuberculosis

Arm Description

Patients with drug resistance will have whole genome sequencing performed on the respective positive MGIT sample. An individualized TB treatment regimen will be provided to patients based on the whole genome sequencing results

As per South African Department of Health Standard of Care for the treatment of drug resistant tuberculosis

Outcomes

Primary Outcome Measures

Culture negative survival rate
To determine if a gene-derived individualized treatment approach in patients with drug-resistant TB will improve culture negative survival rates at 6 months post treatment initiation
Culture negative survival rate
To determine if a gene-derived individualized treatment approach in patients with drug-resistant TB will improve culture negative survival rates at 6 months post treatment initiation

Secondary Outcome Measures

Tuberculosis treatment outcomes
Treatment outcomes are based on treatment success (cure rates and completion of treatment) or mortality or retention in care or time to culture conversion
Rates of adverse events
Rates of adverse events will be compared between arms
Characterization of multi drug-resistant tuberculosis strains
The minimum inhibitory concentrations of Mtb isolates will be correlated with the genotypic mutations detected and the evolution of drug resistance will be monitored by comparing serial isolates from patients
Drug Concentration
To determine the drug concentrations and long-term drug exposures to DR-TB drug regimens in DBS and hair samples respectively
Measure of adherence
To compare adherence to DR-TB drugs using drug concentrations in DBS samples, hair samples, pill count data and participant self-report
Evolution of HIV drug resistance
To assess the evolution of HIV drug resistance in patients receiving Bedaquiline and ART for HIV/MDR-TB treatment
Improved assessment and management of DR-TB
Development of an optimized method for extraction of MTB DNA directly from sputum samples for WGS, compare resistance mutations detected by WGS to current Xpert and LPA; to design a clinical decision-making algorithm for assessment and management of detected resistance mutations

Full Information

First Posted
July 27, 2017
Last Updated
August 30, 2023
Sponsor
Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa
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1. Study Identification

Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT03237182
Brief Title
The Individualized M(X) Drug-resistant TB Treatment Strategy Study
Acronym
InDEX
Official Title
The Individualized M(X) Drug-resistant TB Treatment Strategy Study A Strategy to Improve Treatment Outcomes in Patients With Drug-resistant TB
Study Type
Interventional

2. Study Status

Record Verification Date
August 2023
Overall Recruitment Status
Terminated
Why Stopped
WHO 2022 guidelines for DR-TB treatment are set to change. These guidelines recommend the use of an all-oral short course BPAL regimen.Therefore ongoing implementation of the study is considered futile.
Study Start Date
June 14, 2017 (Actual)
Primary Completion Date
December 19, 2022 (Actual)
Study Completion Date
December 19, 2022 (Actual)

3. Sponsor/Collaborators

Responsible Party, by Official Title
Principal Investigator
Name of the Sponsor
Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa

4. Oversight

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product
No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product
No
Data Monitoring Committee
Yes

5. Study Description

Brief Summary
This is a randomized controlled clinical trial comparing treatment success of a gene-derived individualized drug-resistant Tuberculosis regimen to a standard Tuberculosis regimen based on South African National Tuberculosis guidelines.
Detailed Description
When drug resistance is detected by molecular methods such as the Xpert MTB/RIF assay, second-line Multi Drug-Resistant (MDR) Tuberculosis treatment is started in the complete absence of detailed resistance information. The diagnosis of Multi Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis is confirmed only on availability of Line Probe Assay (LPA)/Drug Susceptibility Testing (DST) results. Extremely Drug-Resistant (XDR) Tuberculosis is diagnosed by in vitro phenotypic resistance to Rifampicin, Isoniazid, fluoroquinolones and injectable second-line drugs (i.e., amikacin, kanamycin, or capreomycin). Existing culture based Drug Susceptibility Testing provides results after 6-8 weeks. This duration may be further increased by other existing laboratory challenges, such as culture contamination. Furthermore, initial regimens are often not optimal and sometimes completely ineffective as there is a lack of Drug Susceptibility Testing to support them. More importantly, even optimal regimens are changed due to patient intolerance of the drug's side effects. Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) has the advantage of determining the complete Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence of an organism's genome at a single time point. Using this technology, genotypic mutations conferring resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs can be identified. This information will assist in identifying not only potential resistant drugs, but also susceptible drugs and thus enable a more accurate and appropriate choice of regimen. In addition, drugs that will not add value to the treatment outcome, but will increase rates of adverse drug reactions, can be eliminated earlier, improving drug-resistant TB treatment outcomes. In this proposal, we aim to use Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB) whole genome sequencing prior to the selection of a drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment regimen and thus provide an individualized treatment strategy for drug-resistant tuberculosis. By adopting this method, we hope to improve culture negative survival rates at 6 months post treatment initiation . This study will include 448 adult patients (age ≥ 18 years) that meet inclusion criteria. Patients referred by provincial satellite facilities with microbiological confirmation of drug-resistant tuberculosis (e.g. Xpert MTB/RIF assay / Line Probe Assay) to King DinuZulu Hospital (KDH) will be recruited. Patients randomized to the control arm will receive standard of care (SOC) treatment. Patients randomized to the intervention arm will be given an individualized treatment regimen based on whole genome sequencing conducted on Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) positive sputum samples collected at the screening visit.

6. Conditions and Keywords

Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant
Keywords
whole genome sequencing;

7. Study Design

Primary Purpose
Treatment
Study Phase
Phase 4
Interventional Study Model
Parallel Assignment
Model Description
Patients randomized to the intervention receive a individualized tuberculosis treatment based on whole genome sequencing and the patients randomized to the control receive the standard of care tuberculosis treatment
Masking
None (Open Label)
Allocation
Randomized
Enrollment
205 (Actual)

8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions

Arm Title
Individualized treatment for drug resistant tuberculosis
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
Patients with drug resistance will have whole genome sequencing performed on the respective positive MGIT sample. An individualized TB treatment regimen will be provided to patients based on the whole genome sequencing results
Arm Title
Standard treatment regimen for drug resistant tuberculosis
Arm Type
Active Comparator
Arm Description
As per South African Department of Health Standard of Care for the treatment of drug resistant tuberculosis
Intervention Type
Drug
Intervention Name(s)
Individualized TB treatment with multiple drugs
Intervention Description
Patients with drug-resistant TB will receive a combination of any of the following drugs based on whole genome sequencing: rifampicin, rifabutin, isoniazid, high dose isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ofloxacin, gatifloxacin, amikacin, capreomycin, kanamycin, streptomycin, ethionamide, prothionamide, cycloserine, terizidone, pretomanid, linezolid, sutezolid, clofazimine, bedaquiline, delaminid, para-aminosalicylic acid, imipenem/cilastatin, meropenem, amoxicillin/clavulanate, clarithromycin, azithromycin and thioacetazone
Intervention Type
Drug
Intervention Name(s)
Standardized TB treatment with multiple drugs
Intervention Description
Patients with drug-resistant TB with receive a combination of any of the following drugs based on South African Department of Health guidelines: rifampicin, rifabutin, isoniazid, high dose isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ofloxacin, gatifloxacin, amikacin, capreomycin, kanamycin, streptomycin, ethionamide, prothionamide, cycloserine, terizidone, pretomanid, linezolid, sutezolid, clofazimine, bedaquiline, delaminid, para-aminosalicylic acid, imipenem/cilastatin, meropenem, amoxicillin/clavulanate, clarithromycin, azithromycin and thioacetazone
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Culture negative survival rate
Description
To determine if a gene-derived individualized treatment approach in patients with drug-resistant TB will improve culture negative survival rates at 6 months post treatment initiation
Time Frame
24 months
Title
Culture negative survival rate
Description
To determine if a gene-derived individualized treatment approach in patients with drug-resistant TB will improve culture negative survival rates at 6 months post treatment initiation
Time Frame
30 months
Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Tuberculosis treatment outcomes
Description
Treatment outcomes are based on treatment success (cure rates and completion of treatment) or mortality or retention in care or time to culture conversion
Time Frame
30 months
Title
Rates of adverse events
Description
Rates of adverse events will be compared between arms
Time Frame
30 months
Title
Characterization of multi drug-resistant tuberculosis strains
Description
The minimum inhibitory concentrations of Mtb isolates will be correlated with the genotypic mutations detected and the evolution of drug resistance will be monitored by comparing serial isolates from patients
Time Frame
30 months
Title
Drug Concentration
Description
To determine the drug concentrations and long-term drug exposures to DR-TB drug regimens in DBS and hair samples respectively
Time Frame
30 months
Title
Measure of adherence
Description
To compare adherence to DR-TB drugs using drug concentrations in DBS samples, hair samples, pill count data and participant self-report
Time Frame
30 months
Title
Evolution of HIV drug resistance
Description
To assess the evolution of HIV drug resistance in patients receiving Bedaquiline and ART for HIV/MDR-TB treatment
Time Frame
30 months
Title
Improved assessment and management of DR-TB
Description
Development of an optimized method for extraction of MTB DNA directly from sputum samples for WGS, compare resistance mutations detected by WGS to current Xpert and LPA; to design a clinical decision-making algorithm for assessment and management of detected resistance mutations
Time Frame
30 months

10. Eligibility

Sex
All
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
18 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria Adults ≥ 18 years of age Pulmonary Tuberculosis Microbiological confirmation [e.g. GeneXpert Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB) detected and Rifampicin (RIF) resistant and / Line Probe Assay (LPA)] of Multi drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) / Pre-Extremely drug-resistant tuberculosis (Pre-XDR-TB) / Extremely drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) Capacity for providing informed consent HIV status - HIV infected and uninfected patients are allowed in the study: Patients already on antiretroviral treatment (ART) will be allowed in the study. The antiretroviral treatment regimen will be evaluated for any contraindications to the drugs used. HIV infected patients at any CD4 count irrespective of antiretroviral treatment commencement and duration will be included in the study Exclusion Criteria: Persons suffering from any serious acute condition. Any other chronic or clinically significant medical condition that in the opinion of the attending clinician would render the patient unsuitable for participation in the study.
Overall Study Officials:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Nesri Padayatchi, MBChB, PhD
Organizational Affiliation
Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa
Official's Role
Principal Investigator
Facility Information:
Facility Name
King Dinuzulu Hospital
City
Durban
State/Province
Kwa-Zulu Natal
Country
South Africa

12. IPD Sharing Statement

Plan to Share IPD
Yes
IPD Sharing Plan Description
Individual participant data that underlie the results of the objectives of the study, after deidentification
IPD Sharing Time Frame
Beginning 9 months and ending 36 months following article publication
IPD Sharing Access Criteria
Investigators wishing to access data from this study will need to contact the PI to request the data. Requests may be submitted up to 36 months following article publication. Investigators will need to complete a proposal for how the data will be used. The proposal will be reviewed by the CAPRISA Scientific Review Committee and the CAPRISA Executive Committee.
Citations:
PubMed Identifier
8665467
Citation
Musser JM. Antimicrobial agent resistance in mycobacteria: molecular genetic insights. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1995 Oct;8(4):496-514. doi: 10.1128/CMR.8.4.496.
Results Reference
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PubMed Identifier
25492392
Citation
Outhred AC, Jelfs P, Suliman B, Hill-Cawthorne GA, Crawford AB, Marais BJ, Sintchenko V. Added value of whole-genome sequencing for management of highly drug-resistant TB. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015 Apr;70(4):1198-202. doi: 10.1093/jac/dku508. Epub 2014 Dec 9.
Results Reference
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The Individualized M(X) Drug-resistant TB Treatment Strategy Study

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