The "Metabolically-obese Normal-weight" Phenotype and Its Reversal by Calorie Restriction
Glucose Metabolism Disorders, Obesity, Visceral, Obesity; Endocrine
About this trial
This is an interventional basic science trial for Glucose Metabolism Disorders
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
- Healthy male or female
- Chinese or Indian descent
- Between 21-65 years old (inclusive)
- BMI from >=19 to <25 kg/m2
Exclusion Criteria:
- BMI ≥25 kg/m2
- BMI <19 kg/m2 (to avoid the risk of subjects becoming seriously underweight (i.e. BMI ≤18 kg/m2) after 5 % weight loss)
- Age <21 and >65 yrs
- Use of medications that can affect metabolic function (including oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy)
- Regular use of tobacco products
- Regular consumption of alcohol
- Pregnant or breastfeeding women
- Evidence of significant organ system dysfunction or disease
- Recent weight loss (≥5 % over the past 6 months)
- Severe asthma and respiratory problems that prevent subjects from exercising
Sites / Locations
Arms of the Study
Arm 1
Experimental
Metabolically unhealthy
Subjects classified as metabolically unhealthy (MONW) go on to participate in a calorie restriction intervention. MONW subjects will participate in a supervised weight loss program to help ensure they are under a similar weekly energy deficit and achieve a 5 % weight loss at approximately the same time. Participants will be prescribed a reduced-calorie diet (~500 kcal/d below their needs for weight maintenance), and will be instructed not to change their physical activity habits, in order to achieve a weekly weight loss of ~0.5 kg. The macronutrient composition of the diet will be the same for all groups (55-60 % of energy from carbohydrate, 15-20 % from protein, and 20-30 % from fat); no vitamins or other nutritional supplements will be given.