Efficacy and Safety Study of Gabapentin as add-on to Morphine in Paediatric Patients Affected by Chronic Pain (GABA-2)
Primary Purpose
Chronic Pain
Status
Withdrawn
Phase
Phase 2
Locations
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
Gabapentin + Morphine
Placebo + Morphine
Sponsored by
About this trial
This is an interventional treatment trial for Chronic Pain
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
- Male or female, aged 3 months to less than 18 years at screening (V1)
- Informed consent by parent(s) and/or legal guardian according to each country legal requirement.
- Assent, where applicable, according to each country legal requirement.Informed (co-) consent of child, where applicable, according to each country legal requirement.
- Subjects that meet the diagnostic criteria for neuropathic or mixed pain.
- Subjects that present with chronic pain defined as the recurrent or continuous pain persisting more than 3 months.
- Subject that present with severe pain as defined by average pain intensity of ≥7 /10 as assessed during a 3-day screening period
- Stable underlying disease condition and treatment.
- Patients with Chemotherapy Induced Peripheral Neuropathy, when in clinical remission or maintenance phase of their therapeutic protocol.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Pain duration of more than 5 years.
- Current use of gabapentin.
- Current use of strong opioids (morphine, methadone, fentanyl, ketamine, oxycodone).
- History of failure to respond to adequate treatment by gabapentin or opioids for neuropathic pain.
- History of epileptic condition (except febrile seizure disorder).
- Subjects with diagnosis of sickle cell disease.
- Subjects that present significant cognitive impairment.
- Subjects that present current, controlled or uncontrolled, co-morbid psychiatric diagnosis that can impair pain diagnosis and assessment such as severe depressive conditions or psychosis.
- Subjects with history of or current suicidal ideation or behaviour.
- Subjects with history of substance abuse in particular opioids.
- Subjects under prohibited concomitant medication .
- Subjects with a body mass index (BMI) for age and gender of < 5th percentile or > 95th percentile (charts provided as Appendix 3).
- Subjects with significant renal impairment, i.e., glomerular filtration rate < 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 (Revised Schwarz equation).
- Subjects with significant hepatic impairment or with Aspartate Transaminase (AST) or Alanine Transaminase (ALT) enzymes 3 times the upper limit of the age-specific reference range.
- Subjects in need for corticosteroid oral treatment or corticosteroid infiltrations to treat pain caused by infiltration or compression of neural structures, e.g. peripheral nerves or spinal cord.
- Subjects with clinically relevant abnormal ECG at the screening visit in the discretion of the Investigator/cardiologist.
- Subjects with known allergy, hypersensibility or clinically significant intolerance to gabapentin or any component found in the study drugs.
- Subjects with fructose intolerance, diabetes, glucose-galactose malabsorption or lactase-isomaltase deficiency.
- Subjects participating in another clinical interventional trial.
- Subjects scheduled for surgery or in recovery from surgery occurring within 3 months of baseline assessment.
- Female subjects who are pregnant or currently lactating.
- Subjects that failed screening or were previously enrolled in this study
- Patients with Chemotherapy Induced Peripheral Neuropathy, when in induction phase of their therapeutic protocol
Sites / Locations
Arms of the Study
Arm 1
Arm 2
Arm Type
Experimental
Placebo Comparator
Arm Label
Group 1
Group 2
Arm Description
Gabapentin + Morphine
Placebo + Morphine
Outcomes
Primary Outcome Measures
Pain scores
Pain scores in the two treatment groups assessed at baseline and at the end of the treatment by age-appropriate pain scales. FLACC (the Faces, Legs, Arms, Cry and Consolability - pts aged 3-24 months) scale composed by 5 categories. Each category is scored on the 0-2 scale, which results in a total score of 0-10, where 0=Relaxed and comfortable, 4-6=Moderate pain, 1-3=Mild discomfort, 7-10=Severe discomfort or pain or both.
FPS-R scale (Faces Pain Scale - Revised - pts aged 3-7 years): score is associated with face 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10, where 0 = no pain and 10=very much pain.
NRS-11(Numerical Rating Scale - pts aged 8-17 years): numerical rating scale where 0=no pain and 10=worst possible pain
Secondary Outcome Measures
Percentage of responders to treatments
Percentage of responders to treatments, defined as subjects with a pain intensity reduction of 30% from baseline. Pain intensity is evaluated using age-appropriate pain scale (FLACC, FPS-R, NRS-11).
the FLACC (the Faces, Legs, Arms, Cry and Consolability- pts aged 3-24-months) scale is composed by 5 categories. Each category is scored on the 0-2 scale, which results in a total score of 0-10, where 0=Relaxed and comfortable, 4-6=Moderate pain, 1-3=Mild discomfort, 7-10=Severe discomfort or pain or both.
FPS-R (Faces Pain Scale - Revised - pts aged 3-7 years) Score is associated with face 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10, where 0 = no pain and 10=very much pain.
NRS-11 (Numerical Rating Scale - pts aged 8-17 years): numerical rating scale where 0=no pain and 10=worst possible pain.
Daily pain intensity
Daily pain intensity, assessed by age-appropriate scale (FLACC, FPS-R or NRS-11) during dose optimization.
the FLACC (the Faces, Legs, Arms, Cry and Consolability- pts aged 3-24-months) scale is composed by 5 categories. Each category is scored on the 0-2 scale, which results in a total score of 0-10, where 0=Relaxed and comfortable, 4-6=Moderate pain, 1-3=Mild discomfort, 7-10=Severe discomfort or pain or both.
FPS-R (Faces Pain Scale - Revised - pts aged 3-7 years) Score is associated with face 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10, where 0 = no pain and 10=very much pain.
NRS-11 (Numerical Rating Scale - pts aged 8-17 years): numerical rating scale where 0=no pain and 10=worst possible pain.
Observational assessment of pain
Observational assessment of pain using the NRS-11 completed by parents and Investigator (or caregiver) at each visit.
NRS-11 (Numerical Rating Scale): numerical rating scale where 0=no pain and 10=worst possible pain.
Self-assessment of pain for children ≥8 years of age
Self-assessment of pain for children ≥8 years of age using the FPS-R pain scale at each visit.
FPS-R (Faces Pain Scale - Revised) Score is associated with face 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10, where 0 = no pain and 10=very much pain.
Extent of pain
Extent of pain evaluated as the number of painful areas using the pain charts at screening visit (V1), randomisation (v2) and EOS visit (V10).
The pain charts are body maps (front and back) in which each body section is identified with a number.
Number of episodes of breakthrough pain
Number of episodes of breakthrough pain (>7/10 pain score and use of rescue medications) during treatment period
Number of rescue interventions required during treatment period
Number of rescue interventions required during treatment period.
Number of pain-free days
Number of pain-free days (<4/10 average pain score without the use of rescue medications) during treatment period
Participant dropouts
Participant dropouts due to lack of adequate pain response.
The total cumulative weight normalized dose of each rescue drug.
The total cumulative weight normalized dose of each rescue drug.
Total Summary Score from PedsQL™ scale
Total score obtained using the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales (by parent, patient aged 3-17years) and PedsQL Infants Scales (by parent of pts aged 3-24months) at randomisation (V2) and at EOS (V10). The total score is a measure of Health Related Quality of life (HRQoL). Higher scores indicate better HRQOL.
PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales is composed by 4 multidimensional scales (Physical Funct, Emotional Funct, Social Funct, School Funct) and 3 summary scores (Total Scale Score, Physical Health Summary Score, Psychosocial Health Summary Score). Scoring is based on a 5-point Likert scale from 0 (Never) to 4 (Almost always).
PedsQL Infant Scales is composed by 5 multidim. scales (Physical Functioning, Physical Symptoms, Emotional Functioning, Social Functioning, Cognitive Functioning) and 3 summary scores (Total Scale Score, Physical Health Summary Score, Psychosocial Health Summary Score). The scoring is based on a 5-point Likert scale from 0 (Never) to 4 (Almost always)
Physical Health Summary Score from PedsQL™ scale
Physical Health Score obtained using the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales (by parent, patient aged 3-17 years) and PedsQL™ Infant Scales (by parent, aged 3-24 months) at randomisation (V2) and at EOS (V10).
PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales is composed by 4 multidimensional scales (Physical Funct, Emotional Funct, Social Funct, School Funct) and 3 summary scores (Total Scale Score, Physical Health Summary Score, Psychosocial Health Summary Score). Scoring is based on a 5-point Likert scale from 0 (Never) to 4 (Almost always).
PedsQL™ Infant Scales is composed by 5 multidimensional scales (Physical Functioning, Physical Symptoms, Emotional Functioning, Social Functioning, Cognitive Functioning) and 3 summary scores (Total Scale Score, Physical Health Summary Score, Psychosocial Health Summary Score). The scoring is based on a 5-point Likert scale from 0 (Never) to 4 (Almost always).
Psychosocial Health Summary Score from PedsQL™ scale
Psychosocial Health Score obtained using the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales (by parent, patient aged 3-17 years) and PedsQL™ Infant Scales (by parent, aged 3-24 months) at randomisation (V2) and at EOS (V10).
PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales is composed by 4 multidimensional scales (Physical Funct, Emotional Funct, Social Funct, School Funct) and 3 summary scores (Total Scale Score, Physical Health Summary Score, Psychosocial Health Summary Score). Scoring is based on a 5-point Likert scale from 0 (Never) to 4 (Almost always).
PedsQL™ Infant Scales is composed by 5 multidimensional scales (Physical Functioning, Physical Symptoms, Emotional Functioning, Social Functioning, Cognitive Functioning) and 3 summary scores (Total Scale Score, Physical Health Summary Score, Psychosocial Health Summary Score). The scoring is based on a 5-point Likert scale from 0 (Never) to 4 (Almost always).
Acceptability of treatment
Acceptability of treatment (Five Point Facial Hedonic Scale) at EOS visit (V10).
Each face in the scale is related to a score (1=unpleasant; 2=not sure; 3=pleasant).
Global satisfaction with treatment
Global satisfaction with treatment (NRS-11, by parent, patient) at EOS visit (V10).
The satisfaction is measeured by the numerical rating scale NRS-11 where 0=not satisfied and 10=fully satisfied
Clinical Global Impression of Severity of the subject's condition
Clinical Global Impression of Severity (CGI-S) for Neuropathic or Mixed Pain Overall Severity Prior to Study Treatment (at randomization - V2) assessed by Investigator.
Investigators will rate their impression of the severity of the subject's condition.
Scoring: Normal: no signs of pain, Borderline painful, Mildly painful, Moderately painful, Markedly painful, Severely painful, Among the most extremely painful patients.
Clinical Global Impression of Improvement for pain
Clinical Global Impression of Improvement (CGI-I) for Neuropathic or Mixed Pain Overall at V6 and EOS visit (V10) assessed by Investigator.
Investigators will rate their impression of any change of the subject's overall condition of neuropathic or mixed pain since randomization in the study. Scoring are: Very much improved since the initiation of treatment; Much improved; Minimally improved; No change from baseline (the initiation of treatment); Minimally worse; Much worse; Very much worse since the initiation of treatment.
Patient/parent Global Impression of Change
Patient/parent Global Impression of Change (PGIC; by parent, patient) at V6 and EOS visit (V10).
Patient/parent will rate their impression of any change of the subject's overall condition of neuropathic or mixed pain since randomization in the study. Scoring are: Very much improved since the initiation of treatment; Much improved; Minimally improved; No change from baseline (the initiation of treatment); Minimally worse; Much worse; Very much worse since the initiation of treatment.
CL/F
Primary pharmacokinetic parameters for gabapentin: assessment of apparent clearance (CL/F) and of its variability and precision. In total, 4 samples will be collected, 1 before dosing and again at 3 different time windows post-dosing (0 - 2 h; 2 - 4 h and 4 - 6 h)
Vd/F
Primary pharmacokinetic parameter for gabapentin: assessment of apparent volume of distribution (Vd/F) and of its variability and precision. In total, 4 samples will be collected, 1 before dosing and again at 3 different time windows post-dosing (0 - 2 h; 2 - 4 h and 4 - 6 h)
ka
Primary pharmacokinetic parameter for gabapentin: assessment of absorption rate constant (Ka) and of its precision and variability. In total, 4 samples will be collected, 1 before dosing and again at 3 different time windows post-dosing (0 - 2 h; 2 - 4 h and 4 - 6 h)
AUC
Secondary pharmacokinetic parameter for gabapentin: assessment of Area under the Concentration curve (AUC). In total, 4 samples will be collected, 1 before dosing and again at 3 different time windows post-dosing (0 - 2 h; 2 - 4 h and 4 - 6 h)
Cmax
Secondary pharmacokinetic parameter for gabapentin: assessment of peak plasma concentration (Cmax). In total, 4 samples will be collected, 1 before dosing and again at 3 different time windows post-dosing (0 - 2 h; 2 - 4 h and 4 - 6 h)
Tmax
Secondary pharmacokinetic parameter for gabapentin: assessment of time at which the Cmax is observed (Tmax). In total, 4 samples will be collected, 1 before dosing and again at 3 different time windows post-dosing (0 - 2 h; 2 - 4 h and 4 - 6 h)
Css
Secondary pharmacokinetic parameter for gabapentin: assessment of steady state Concentrations (Css). In total, 4 samples will be collected, 1 before dosing and again at 3 different time windows post-dosing (0 - 2 h; 2 - 4 h and 4 - 6 h)
Cmin
Secondary pharmacokinetic parameter for gabapentin: assessment of minimum concentration (Cmin). In total, 4 samples will be collected, 1 before dosing and again at 3 different time windows post-dosing (0 - 2 h; 2 - 4 h and 4 - 6 h)
Systemic exposure to investigational product
Systemic exposure to investigational product during maintenance period, as assessed by predicted steady-state concentrations.
Incidence of Adverse Events
Incidence of Adverse Events at all visits
Percentage of subjects discontinuing the Trial
Percentage of subjects discontinuing the Trial due to treatment-emergent adverse events
Aggressive behaviour in children aged >6 years
Aggressive behaviour in children aged >6 years using the Retrospective Modified Overt Aggression Scale (R-MOAS) at V2, V6 and EOS visit (V10).
The scale includes 4 domains (Verbal Incidents, Incidents Toward Other People, Incidents Involving Property, Incidents Directed Toward Self) each one describing different behaviours.
Parents rate the frequency of 16 aggressive behaviors (referred to the past week) in the 4 areas. Numeric weighting amplifies the seriousness of more harmful behaviors in the total score. Higher score indicating more aggressive behavior.
Suicidal ideation/behaviour in subjects aged 6 years and older
Suicidal ideation/behaviour in subjects aged 6 years and older using the Columbia - Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) scores before IMP (screening V1), V6, EOS visit (V10) and taper visit (V11).
The C-SSRS is divided into 2 sections: Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Behaviour containing each one 5 "yes" or "no" questions.
Suicidal Ideation Score: The maximum suicidal ideation category (1-5 on the CSSRS) present at the assessment. A score of 0 is assigned if no ideation is present.
Composite endpoints are defined below:
Suicidal ideation: A "yes" answer at any time during treatment to any one of the five suicidal ideation questions (Categories 1-5).
Suicidal behavior: A "yes" answer at any time during treatment to any one of the five suicidal behavior questions (Categories 6-10).
Suicidal ideation or behavior: A "yes" answer at any time during treatment to any one of the ten suicidal ideation and behavior questions (Categories 1-10)
Assessment of blinding
Assessment of blinding: guess of the subject's treatment group (by Investigator, parents and subject if at adequate maturity level) at V10.
Full Information
NCT ID
NCT03275012
First Posted
August 30, 2017
Last Updated
November 27, 2019
Sponsor
Pharmaceutical Research Management srl
Collaborators
European Commission
1. Study Identification
Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT03275012
Brief Title
Efficacy and Safety Study of Gabapentin as add-on to Morphine in Paediatric Patients Affected by Chronic Pain
Acronym
GABA-2
Official Title
Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo Controlled, Superiority Phase II Study to Evaluate the Safety, Pharmacokinetic, Efficacy of Gabapentin as add-on to Morphine in Children From 3 Months to Less Than 18 Years
Study Type
Interventional
2. Study Status
Record Verification Date
November 2019
Overall Recruitment Status
Withdrawn
Why Stopped
Study not started
Study Start Date
April 4, 2017 (Actual)
Primary Completion Date
October 21, 2019 (Actual)
Study Completion Date
October 21, 2019 (Actual)
3. Sponsor/Collaborators
Responsible Party, by Official Title
Sponsor
Name of the Sponsor
Pharmaceutical Research Management srl
Collaborators
European Commission
4. Oversight
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product
No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product
No
Data Monitoring Committee
Yes
5. Study Description
Brief Summary
The objective of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of gabapentin as adjunctive therapy to morphine in the treatment of severe chronic neuropathic or mixed pain in children from 3 months to less than 18 years of age assessed by the difference in average pain scores between treatment arms at the end of the treatment period.
Detailed Description
This paediatric trial has the objective to make gabapentin available for children with severe chronic neuropathic or mixed pain. This study will be conducted in full conformance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki, consistent with ICH-GCP (including ICH Topic E11 guideline) and applicable regulatory requirements including the Paediatric Recommendations (CE/2008).
Gabapentin has been successfully used to treat neuropathic pain in adults. In absence of specific paediatric studies it is not approved for the same condition in children.
The paediatric use of gabapentin is hampered by: a) the lack of a suitable paediatric formulation, b) the significant variability of gabapentin PK profile and c) efficacy and safety data in this specific population.
GABA-2 is a superiority trial designed to assess the potential benefit of gabapentin oral solution in augmenting the analgesic effect of morphine in children affected by severe chronic pain thus preventing or decreasing opioid tolerance, as it has been reported to happen in adults. Thus GABA-2 study is an randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, multi-centre study to evaluate the efficacy of gabapentin added to morphine in paediatric patients suffering from severe chronic pain (neuropathic or mixed with ascertained neuropathic component). The trial will include 66 patients aged from 3 months to less than 18 years affected by severe chronic neuropathic or mixed pain and in need of morphine.
Children from 3 months to <3 years of age will participate to GABA-2 on the basis of the nature of the underlying disease suggestive of a neuropathic component.
A block randomisation will be applied to assign children to gabapentin and morphine (intervention group) or gabapentin placebo and morphine (control group) in a 1:1 ratio.
Randomisation will be stratified by age-group as follows:
3 months - < 3 years;
3 years - < 8 years;
8 years - < 18 years.
Recruitment will start with patients ≥ 3 years of age. Patients < than 3 years of age will be recruited when results from the ongoing non-clinical toxicological study in juvenile rats will confirm the safety of gabapentin in the age subset 3 months-3 years.
The protocol has been designed to ensure double-blind conditions at randomisation and throughout the treatment period. Blinding (children, caregiver, outcome assessor) will be ensured by elaborating an identical (matching) gabapentin placebo.
The study comprises 3 stages over 18 to 22 weeks: 1st stage ( screening period of 1 week, wash out phase of max 3 days and baseline assessment of 3 days ), 2nd stage ( treatment period including an optimization phase of 3 weeks and 12 weeks of maintenance), 3rd stage (study taper lasting from 0 to 4 weeks and 1 week follow up).
The proposed formulation of the IMP test is a liquid oral formulation (syrup) containing 75 mg/ml of gabapentin. The IMP comparator is the placebo. The background therapy is morphine presented as immediate and extended-release tablets and a liquid, oral formulation. Every participant will be administered morphine and the active product or placebo.
For both study drugs, dosing will initiate at a starting dose in mg/kg/day and will be increased according to a predefined matrix to a maximum dose in mg/kg/day. Dosing will be flexibly optimised in order to maximise the potential benefits while minimising risk of AEs. There will be a maximum of 5 possible dose adjustments during the 3 weeks optimisation period.
Dosing for gabapentin during the optimization period will be defined according to two weight groups (5-15kg and >15kg). Current dosing schedule for gabapentin is the following:
Day 1 starting dose in mg/kg/day;
Day 3 2 times the starting dose in mg/kg/day;
Day 5 3 times the starting dose in mg/kg/day;
Day 14 2 times the dose of Day 5 in mg/kg/day;
Day 21 3 times the dose of Day 5 in mg/kg/day.
Dosing of morphine is largely based on the "WHO guidelines on the pharmacological treatment of persisting pain in children with medical illnesses", 2012. The guidelines recommended starting dose for immediate release formulation of morphine are '80-200 mcg/kg every 4 hours for infants and 200-500 mcg/kg in 6 divided doses in older children. ' However, due to compliance issues a four times daily regimen (q.i.d) will be used during the titration phase of this protocol for children with body weight >30kg and throughout this study for patients with <30kg body weight.
The morphine starting dose in this study reflects the lower end of the WHO recommendation with a titration scheduled to reach a maximum daily dose of 1.2 mg/kg/day. Patients < 30kg BW will have the liquid morphine formulation, 4 times daily throughout the study and patients > 30kg will receive immediate release tablet 4 times daily, during the titration phase and extended release tablets 2 times daily during the maintenance phase.
All subjects that are completing the study or are withdrawn early must be tapered off of the gabapentin. At the visit of Early Termination or End Of Study visit, subjects will be dispensed a taper dose based on their current dose level (the dose of the medicinal product taken during the maintenance period) and should follow the dose tapering as described in the protocol.
Concomitant use of some medications that could interfere with the study will be prohibited. Unrestricted use of paracetamol and/or ibuprofen alone or in combination will be used as rescue therapy any time the patient experiences pain (pain level >4/10 measured with age- appropriate pain scales FLACC, FPS-R or NRS-11) This study includes pharmacokinetic analysis to establish a population pharmacokinetic model adequate to describe the time-course and variability of plasma concentrations of gabapentin and gabapentin plus morphine following repeat dosing in children with chronic pain.
The study includes also an optional exploratory pharmacogenomics study which requires a separate Informed Consent if the parent of the subject agrees to participate. The aims of the exploratory pharmacogenomic research is to better understand inherited genetic factors and their association with clinical assessments, which may include pharmacokinetics of gabapentin, relative susceptibility to drug-drug interactions, predisposition to side effects, and/or patients' response to treatment with gabapentin.
The study foresees also an exploratory metabolomic study that may provide insight in the mechanism of neuropathic pain and the inter-individual variation in drug response.
During this study, it is expected that a maximum of 15.9 mL of blood will be taken from every subject (male and female). Additional 2.0 ml of blood will be required from females of child bearing age for pregnancy testing.
The primary analysis of efficacy will be conducted using ANCOVA with baseline average pain score as a covariate.
The study will be conducted under the supervision of an independent Data Safety Monitoring Committee (DSMC).
6. Conditions and Keywords
Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Chronic Pain
7. Study Design
Primary Purpose
Treatment
Study Phase
Phase 2
Interventional Study Model
Parallel Assignment
Masking
ParticipantCare ProviderInvestigator
Allocation
Randomized
Enrollment
0 (Actual)
8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions
Arm Title
Group 1
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
Gabapentin + Morphine
Arm Title
Group 2
Arm Type
Placebo Comparator
Arm Description
Placebo + Morphine
Intervention Type
Drug
Intervention Name(s)
Gabapentin + Morphine
Intervention Description
Gabapentin: liquid oral formulation (syrup) - 75 mg/ml-three times daily. The starting dose during the optimization period will be defined according to 2 weight groups (5-15kg and >15kg). Dose will be scaled at Day 1,3,5,14,and 21 according to a specific schedule. Maintenance dosing will be scheduled in accordance to the body weight.
Morphine: background therapy as oral, liquid and solid formulations. Patients with BW≤30kg :liquid oral formulation four times daily throughout the whole treatment period. Patients with BM>30kg : immediate release solid and/or liquid oral formulation four times daily during titration phase and an extended release solid oral formulation twice daily during the maintenance period.
Intervention Type
Drug
Intervention Name(s)
Placebo + Morphine
Intervention Description
Placebo liquid oral formulation. Morphine: background therapy as oral, liquid and solid formulations. Patients with BW≤30kg :liquid oral formulation four times daily throughout the whole treatment period. Patients with BM>30kg : immediate release solid and/or liquid oral formulation four times daily during titration phase and an extended release solid oral formulation twice daily during the maintenance period.
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Pain scores
Description
Pain scores in the two treatment groups assessed at baseline and at the end of the treatment by age-appropriate pain scales. FLACC (the Faces, Legs, Arms, Cry and Consolability - pts aged 3-24 months) scale composed by 5 categories. Each category is scored on the 0-2 scale, which results in a total score of 0-10, where 0=Relaxed and comfortable, 4-6=Moderate pain, 1-3=Mild discomfort, 7-10=Severe discomfort or pain or both.
FPS-R scale (Faces Pain Scale - Revised - pts aged 3-7 years): score is associated with face 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10, where 0 = no pain and 10=very much pain.
NRS-11(Numerical Rating Scale - pts aged 8-17 years): numerical rating scale where 0=no pain and 10=worst possible pain
Time Frame
on average of 16 weeks
Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Percentage of responders to treatments
Description
Percentage of responders to treatments, defined as subjects with a pain intensity reduction of 30% from baseline. Pain intensity is evaluated using age-appropriate pain scale (FLACC, FPS-R, NRS-11).
the FLACC (the Faces, Legs, Arms, Cry and Consolability- pts aged 3-24-months) scale is composed by 5 categories. Each category is scored on the 0-2 scale, which results in a total score of 0-10, where 0=Relaxed and comfortable, 4-6=Moderate pain, 1-3=Mild discomfort, 7-10=Severe discomfort or pain or both.
FPS-R (Faces Pain Scale - Revised - pts aged 3-7 years) Score is associated with face 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10, where 0 = no pain and 10=very much pain.
NRS-11 (Numerical Rating Scale - pts aged 8-17 years): numerical rating scale where 0=no pain and 10=worst possible pain.
Time Frame
on average of 16 weeks
Title
Daily pain intensity
Description
Daily pain intensity, assessed by age-appropriate scale (FLACC, FPS-R or NRS-11) during dose optimization.
the FLACC (the Faces, Legs, Arms, Cry and Consolability- pts aged 3-24-months) scale is composed by 5 categories. Each category is scored on the 0-2 scale, which results in a total score of 0-10, where 0=Relaxed and comfortable, 4-6=Moderate pain, 1-3=Mild discomfort, 7-10=Severe discomfort or pain or both.
FPS-R (Faces Pain Scale - Revised - pts aged 3-7 years) Score is associated with face 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10, where 0 = no pain and 10=very much pain.
NRS-11 (Numerical Rating Scale - pts aged 8-17 years): numerical rating scale where 0=no pain and 10=worst possible pain.
Time Frame
an average of 3 weeks
Title
Observational assessment of pain
Description
Observational assessment of pain using the NRS-11 completed by parents and Investigator (or caregiver) at each visit.
NRS-11 (Numerical Rating Scale): numerical rating scale where 0=no pain and 10=worst possible pain.
Time Frame
on average of 16 weeks
Title
Self-assessment of pain for children ≥8 years of age
Description
Self-assessment of pain for children ≥8 years of age using the FPS-R pain scale at each visit.
FPS-R (Faces Pain Scale - Revised) Score is associated with face 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10, where 0 = no pain and 10=very much pain.
Time Frame
on average of 16 weeks
Title
Extent of pain
Description
Extent of pain evaluated as the number of painful areas using the pain charts at screening visit (V1), randomisation (v2) and EOS visit (V10).
The pain charts are body maps (front and back) in which each body section is identified with a number.
Time Frame
on average of 16 weeks
Title
Number of episodes of breakthrough pain
Description
Number of episodes of breakthrough pain (>7/10 pain score and use of rescue medications) during treatment period
Time Frame
on average of 15 weeks
Title
Number of rescue interventions required during treatment period
Description
Number of rescue interventions required during treatment period.
Time Frame
on average of 15 weeks
Title
Number of pain-free days
Description
Number of pain-free days (<4/10 average pain score without the use of rescue medications) during treatment period
Time Frame
on average of 15 weeks
Title
Participant dropouts
Description
Participant dropouts due to lack of adequate pain response.
Time Frame
up to 21 weeks
Title
The total cumulative weight normalized dose of each rescue drug.
Description
The total cumulative weight normalized dose of each rescue drug.
Time Frame
on average of 16 weeks
Title
Total Summary Score from PedsQL™ scale
Description
Total score obtained using the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales (by parent, patient aged 3-17years) and PedsQL Infants Scales (by parent of pts aged 3-24months) at randomisation (V2) and at EOS (V10). The total score is a measure of Health Related Quality of life (HRQoL). Higher scores indicate better HRQOL.
PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales is composed by 4 multidimensional scales (Physical Funct, Emotional Funct, Social Funct, School Funct) and 3 summary scores (Total Scale Score, Physical Health Summary Score, Psychosocial Health Summary Score). Scoring is based on a 5-point Likert scale from 0 (Never) to 4 (Almost always).
PedsQL Infant Scales is composed by 5 multidim. scales (Physical Functioning, Physical Symptoms, Emotional Functioning, Social Functioning, Cognitive Functioning) and 3 summary scores (Total Scale Score, Physical Health Summary Score, Psychosocial Health Summary Score). The scoring is based on a 5-point Likert scale from 0 (Never) to 4 (Almost always)
Time Frame
on average of 15 weeks
Title
Physical Health Summary Score from PedsQL™ scale
Description
Physical Health Score obtained using the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales (by parent, patient aged 3-17 years) and PedsQL™ Infant Scales (by parent, aged 3-24 months) at randomisation (V2) and at EOS (V10).
PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales is composed by 4 multidimensional scales (Physical Funct, Emotional Funct, Social Funct, School Funct) and 3 summary scores (Total Scale Score, Physical Health Summary Score, Psychosocial Health Summary Score). Scoring is based on a 5-point Likert scale from 0 (Never) to 4 (Almost always).
PedsQL™ Infant Scales is composed by 5 multidimensional scales (Physical Functioning, Physical Symptoms, Emotional Functioning, Social Functioning, Cognitive Functioning) and 3 summary scores (Total Scale Score, Physical Health Summary Score, Psychosocial Health Summary Score). The scoring is based on a 5-point Likert scale from 0 (Never) to 4 (Almost always).
Time Frame
on average of 15 weeks
Title
Psychosocial Health Summary Score from PedsQL™ scale
Description
Psychosocial Health Score obtained using the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales (by parent, patient aged 3-17 years) and PedsQL™ Infant Scales (by parent, aged 3-24 months) at randomisation (V2) and at EOS (V10).
PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales is composed by 4 multidimensional scales (Physical Funct, Emotional Funct, Social Funct, School Funct) and 3 summary scores (Total Scale Score, Physical Health Summary Score, Psychosocial Health Summary Score). Scoring is based on a 5-point Likert scale from 0 (Never) to 4 (Almost always).
PedsQL™ Infant Scales is composed by 5 multidimensional scales (Physical Functioning, Physical Symptoms, Emotional Functioning, Social Functioning, Cognitive Functioning) and 3 summary scores (Total Scale Score, Physical Health Summary Score, Psychosocial Health Summary Score). The scoring is based on a 5-point Likert scale from 0 (Never) to 4 (Almost always).
Time Frame
on average of 15 weeks
Title
Acceptability of treatment
Description
Acceptability of treatment (Five Point Facial Hedonic Scale) at EOS visit (V10).
Each face in the scale is related to a score (1=unpleasant; 2=not sure; 3=pleasant).
Time Frame
at week 16
Title
Global satisfaction with treatment
Description
Global satisfaction with treatment (NRS-11, by parent, patient) at EOS visit (V10).
The satisfaction is measeured by the numerical rating scale NRS-11 where 0=not satisfied and 10=fully satisfied
Time Frame
at week 16
Title
Clinical Global Impression of Severity of the subject's condition
Description
Clinical Global Impression of Severity (CGI-S) for Neuropathic or Mixed Pain Overall Severity Prior to Study Treatment (at randomization - V2) assessed by Investigator.
Investigators will rate their impression of the severity of the subject's condition.
Scoring: Normal: no signs of pain, Borderline painful, Mildly painful, Moderately painful, Markedly painful, Severely painful, Among the most extremely painful patients.
Time Frame
an average of 15 weeks
Title
Clinical Global Impression of Improvement for pain
Description
Clinical Global Impression of Improvement (CGI-I) for Neuropathic or Mixed Pain Overall at V6 and EOS visit (V10) assessed by Investigator.
Investigators will rate their impression of any change of the subject's overall condition of neuropathic or mixed pain since randomization in the study. Scoring are: Very much improved since the initiation of treatment; Much improved; Minimally improved; No change from baseline (the initiation of treatment); Minimally worse; Much worse; Very much worse since the initiation of treatment.
Time Frame
an average of 15 weeks
Title
Patient/parent Global Impression of Change
Description
Patient/parent Global Impression of Change (PGIC; by parent, patient) at V6 and EOS visit (V10).
Patient/parent will rate their impression of any change of the subject's overall condition of neuropathic or mixed pain since randomization in the study. Scoring are: Very much improved since the initiation of treatment; Much improved; Minimally improved; No change from baseline (the initiation of treatment); Minimally worse; Much worse; Very much worse since the initiation of treatment.
Time Frame
an average of 12 weeks
Title
CL/F
Description
Primary pharmacokinetic parameters for gabapentin: assessment of apparent clearance (CL/F) and of its variability and precision. In total, 4 samples will be collected, 1 before dosing and again at 3 different time windows post-dosing (0 - 2 h; 2 - 4 h and 4 - 6 h)
Time Frame
at week 3 or at week 4 or at week 16
Title
Vd/F
Description
Primary pharmacokinetic parameter for gabapentin: assessment of apparent volume of distribution (Vd/F) and of its variability and precision. In total, 4 samples will be collected, 1 before dosing and again at 3 different time windows post-dosing (0 - 2 h; 2 - 4 h and 4 - 6 h)
Time Frame
at week 3 or at week 4 or at week 16
Title
ka
Description
Primary pharmacokinetic parameter for gabapentin: assessment of absorption rate constant (Ka) and of its precision and variability. In total, 4 samples will be collected, 1 before dosing and again at 3 different time windows post-dosing (0 - 2 h; 2 - 4 h and 4 - 6 h)
Time Frame
at week 3 or at week 4 or at week 16
Title
AUC
Description
Secondary pharmacokinetic parameter for gabapentin: assessment of Area under the Concentration curve (AUC). In total, 4 samples will be collected, 1 before dosing and again at 3 different time windows post-dosing (0 - 2 h; 2 - 4 h and 4 - 6 h)
Time Frame
at week 3 or at week 4 or at week 16
Title
Cmax
Description
Secondary pharmacokinetic parameter for gabapentin: assessment of peak plasma concentration (Cmax). In total, 4 samples will be collected, 1 before dosing and again at 3 different time windows post-dosing (0 - 2 h; 2 - 4 h and 4 - 6 h)
Time Frame
at week 3 or at week 4 or at week 16
Title
Tmax
Description
Secondary pharmacokinetic parameter for gabapentin: assessment of time at which the Cmax is observed (Tmax). In total, 4 samples will be collected, 1 before dosing and again at 3 different time windows post-dosing (0 - 2 h; 2 - 4 h and 4 - 6 h)
Time Frame
at week 3 or at week 4 or at week 16
Title
Css
Description
Secondary pharmacokinetic parameter for gabapentin: assessment of steady state Concentrations (Css). In total, 4 samples will be collected, 1 before dosing and again at 3 different time windows post-dosing (0 - 2 h; 2 - 4 h and 4 - 6 h)
Time Frame
at week 3 or at week 4 or at week 16
Title
Cmin
Description
Secondary pharmacokinetic parameter for gabapentin: assessment of minimum concentration (Cmin). In total, 4 samples will be collected, 1 before dosing and again at 3 different time windows post-dosing (0 - 2 h; 2 - 4 h and 4 - 6 h)
Time Frame
at week 3 or at week 4 or at week 16
Title
Systemic exposure to investigational product
Description
Systemic exposure to investigational product during maintenance period, as assessed by predicted steady-state concentrations.
Time Frame
an average of 12 weeks
Title
Incidence of Adverse Events
Description
Incidence of Adverse Events at all visits
Time Frame
up to 21 weeks
Title
Percentage of subjects discontinuing the Trial
Description
Percentage of subjects discontinuing the Trial due to treatment-emergent adverse events
Time Frame
up to 21 weeks
Title
Aggressive behaviour in children aged >6 years
Description
Aggressive behaviour in children aged >6 years using the Retrospective Modified Overt Aggression Scale (R-MOAS) at V2, V6 and EOS visit (V10).
The scale includes 4 domains (Verbal Incidents, Incidents Toward Other People, Incidents Involving Property, Incidents Directed Toward Self) each one describing different behaviours.
Parents rate the frequency of 16 aggressive behaviors (referred to the past week) in the 4 areas. Numeric weighting amplifies the seriousness of more harmful behaviors in the total score. Higher score indicating more aggressive behavior.
Time Frame
an average of 15 weeks
Title
Suicidal ideation/behaviour in subjects aged 6 years and older
Description
Suicidal ideation/behaviour in subjects aged 6 years and older using the Columbia - Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) scores before IMP (screening V1), V6, EOS visit (V10) and taper visit (V11).
The C-SSRS is divided into 2 sections: Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Behaviour containing each one 5 "yes" or "no" questions.
Suicidal Ideation Score: The maximum suicidal ideation category (1-5 on the CSSRS) present at the assessment. A score of 0 is assigned if no ideation is present.
Composite endpoints are defined below:
Suicidal ideation: A "yes" answer at any time during treatment to any one of the five suicidal ideation questions (Categories 1-5).
Suicidal behavior: A "yes" answer at any time during treatment to any one of the five suicidal behavior questions (Categories 6-10).
Suicidal ideation or behavior: A "yes" answer at any time during treatment to any one of the ten suicidal ideation and behavior questions (Categories 1-10)
Time Frame
an average of 16 weeks
Title
Assessment of blinding
Description
Assessment of blinding: guess of the subject's treatment group (by Investigator, parents and subject if at adequate maturity level) at V10.
Time Frame
at week 16
10. Eligibility
Sex
All
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
3 Months
Maximum Age & Unit of Time
17 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
Male or female, aged 3 months to less than 18 years at screening (V1)
Informed consent by parent(s) and/or legal guardian according to each country legal requirement.
Assent, where applicable, according to each country legal requirement.Informed (co-) consent of child, where applicable, according to each country legal requirement.
Subjects that meet the diagnostic criteria for neuropathic or mixed pain.
Subjects that present with chronic pain defined as the recurrent or continuous pain persisting more than 3 months.
Subject that present with severe pain as defined by average pain intensity of ≥7 /10 as assessed during a 3-day screening period
Stable underlying disease condition and treatment.
Patients with Chemotherapy Induced Peripheral Neuropathy, when in clinical remission or maintenance phase of their therapeutic protocol.
Exclusion Criteria:
Pain duration of more than 5 years.
Current use of gabapentin.
Current use of strong opioids (morphine, methadone, fentanyl, ketamine, oxycodone).
History of failure to respond to adequate treatment by gabapentin or opioids for neuropathic pain.
History of epileptic condition (except febrile seizure disorder).
Subjects with diagnosis of sickle cell disease.
Subjects that present significant cognitive impairment.
Subjects that present current, controlled or uncontrolled, co-morbid psychiatric diagnosis that can impair pain diagnosis and assessment such as severe depressive conditions or psychosis.
Subjects with history of or current suicidal ideation or behaviour.
Subjects with history of substance abuse in particular opioids.
Subjects under prohibited concomitant medication .
Subjects with a body mass index (BMI) for age and gender of < 5th percentile or > 95th percentile (charts provided as Appendix 3).
Subjects with significant renal impairment, i.e., glomerular filtration rate < 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 (Revised Schwarz equation).
Subjects with significant hepatic impairment or with Aspartate Transaminase (AST) or Alanine Transaminase (ALT) enzymes 3 times the upper limit of the age-specific reference range.
Subjects in need for corticosteroid oral treatment or corticosteroid infiltrations to treat pain caused by infiltration or compression of neural structures, e.g. peripheral nerves or spinal cord.
Subjects with clinically relevant abnormal ECG at the screening visit in the discretion of the Investigator/cardiologist.
Subjects with known allergy, hypersensibility or clinically significant intolerance to gabapentin or any component found in the study drugs.
Subjects with fructose intolerance, diabetes, glucose-galactose malabsorption or lactase-isomaltase deficiency.
Subjects participating in another clinical interventional trial.
Subjects scheduled for surgery or in recovery from surgery occurring within 3 months of baseline assessment.
Female subjects who are pregnant or currently lactating.
Subjects that failed screening or were previously enrolled in this study
Patients with Chemotherapy Induced Peripheral Neuropathy, when in induction phase of their therapeutic protocol
Overall Study Officials:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Saskia De Wildt, MD-PhD
Organizational Affiliation
Erasmus Medical Center
Official's Role
Principal Investigator
12. IPD Sharing Statement
Citations:
PubMed Identifier
21170362
Citation
Finnerup NB, Sindrup SH, Jensen TS. Recent advances in pharmacological treatment of neuropathic pain. F1000 Med Rep. 2010 Jul 14;2:52. doi: 10.3410/M2-52.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
11783808
Citation
Mellegers MA, Furlan AD, Mailis A. Gabapentin for neuropathic pain: systematic review of controlled and uncontrolled literature. Clin J Pain. 2001 Dec;17(4):284-95. doi: 10.1097/00002508-200112000-00002.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
30646965
Citation
de Leeuw TG, Mangiarini L, Lundin R, Kaguelidou F, van der Zanden T, Pasqua OD, Tibboel D, Ceci A, de Wildt SN; GAPP consortium. Gabapentin as add-on to morphine for severe neuropathic or mixed pain in children from age 3 months to 18 years - evaluation of the safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of a new gabapentin liquid formulation: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2019 Jan 15;20(1):49. doi: 10.1186/s13063-018-3169-3. Erratum In: Trials. 2019 Jun 20;20(1):368.
Results Reference
derived
Links:
URL
http://www.teddynetwork.net/
Description
The Task force in Europe for Drug Development for the Young (TEDDY) is a network of excellence funded in 2005 as a consortium responding to a call published by the European Commission.
URL
http://www.pediatricpain.eu
Description
GAPP (GAbapentin in Pediatric Pain) Consortium funded by the European Commission
Learn more about this trial
Efficacy and Safety Study of Gabapentin as add-on to Morphine in Paediatric Patients Affected by Chronic Pain
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