Reducing Rate of Falls in Older People by Means of Vestibular Rehabilitation: Preliminary Study (ReFOVeRe)
Dizziness Chronic, Fall, Elderly

About this trial
This is an interventional prevention trial for Dizziness Chronic focused on measuring Vestibular Rehabilitation, Falls in elderly, Computerized Dynamic Posturography, Optokinetic stimuli
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
Persons with a high risk of falling shall meet at least one of the following requirements:
- Having fallen at least once in the last 12 months.
- Using more than 15 seconds or needing support in the TUG test (normal limit calculated in previous studies).
- Obtaining a mean CDP SOT balance score of < 68% (normal limit calculated in previous studies).
- Having fallen at least once in the CDP SOT.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Cognitive decline that prevents the patient from understanding the examinations and vestibular rehabilitation exercises.
- Organic conditions that prevent standing on two feet, necessary for assessment of balance and performance of vestibular rehabilitation exercises.
- Balance disorders caused by conditions other than age (neurologic, vestibular...).
- Reduced cultural level that prevents the patient from understanding the examinations and from granting informed consent.
Sites / Locations
Arms of the Study
Arm 1
Arm 2
Arm 3
Arm 4
Experimental
Experimental
Experimental
No Intervention
Vestibular rehabil.: CDP
Vestibular rehabil.: optokinetic stimuli
Vestibular rehabil.: home exercises
Control group
Group A. The Smart Equitest program was used with a protocol of 10 exercises per session, which were customized depending on each patient´s deficit. The exercises involve visual biofeedback together with sensitive, real-time monitoring of movement. In some exercises, patients must maintain their center of gravity (COG) over the base of support, while in others the COG must be moved to a series of targets. In addition, the support surface and/or visual surround may also move in response to the patient´s own movement. The exercise difficulty was progressively increased throughout the rehabilitation sessions. The duration of each session was approximately 15 minutes. The distribution of sessions was one per day and five per week (2 weeks).
Group B. Patient has to stand in a dark room, wiht optokinetic stimuli around him/her. Ten sessions (one per day, five per week, two weeks), with progressive increase of stimulus speed (from 30º/sec the first day to 100º/sec the last), duration of session (from 5 minutes the first day to 15 minutes the last), stimulus complexity (horizontal stimuli in the first sessions, progressively adding vertical and rotating stimuli) and support surface difficulty (initially hard surface, last sessions on foam).
Group C. The patient is given a list of exercises (and explained how to do them) to stabilise eye position and improve postural control. They are to be performed twice a day for two weeks. Approximate duration of each session: 15 minutes. The exercises must be supervised by a family member to verify adherence to the programme.
Group D. No vestibular rehabilitation is developed.