Assessing Neurovisual Function in Patients With Cognitive Impairment

The aim of this study is to measure fitness to drive in patients with a visual and a cognitive impairment. To do so, Ocusweep is used in patients with glaucoma and Mild Cognitive Impairment. The participants will be divided over four groups; patients with glaucoma, patients with cognitive impairment, patients with both and a healthy control group. Differences in performance on Ocusweep in the four different groups of participants are expected. These effects may be related to fitness to drive, which is why those results will be compared to traditional neuropsychological measures of fitness to drive. the hypothesis of the current study is that the Ocusweep performance is related to performance on other measures of fitness to drive.

Glaucoma, Mild Cognitive Impairment, Ocusweep, Reaction Time, Neuropsychology, Dementia, Alzheimer's Disease, Brain Diseases

Device: Ocusweep test battery Neuropsychological test battery Ocusweep system compared to neuropsychological testing

Ocusweep test battery to measure vision, visual system and cognitive performance including attention (Comparison of Ocusweep system to conventional neuropsychological test methods) (With the help of Ocusweep tests, information is obtained about the functioning of the whole visual system - from the ability of the eye to see to the efficiency of the brain to process visual information and the accuracy of eye movements)

Conventional neuropsychological test battery to measure executive functioning, attention, visuoconstructive abilities and processing speed

Measured by the Trail Making Test. Unit of measure is seconds to perform the test, which will be converted in a percentile score.

Measured by the Benton Visual Retention Test. Unit of measure is number of correctly drawn designs (0-10)

Measured with Vienna Test System. Unit of measure is reaction time in ms. Results will be converted into percentile scores.

Vision and visual attention measured with Useful Field of View. Unit of measure is milliseconds which is converted in group scores provided by UFOV.

Visual field defects measured by Ocusweep test called Reaction Time Perimetry. Outcome measure is reaction time on multiple locations on the visual field. From this data, unseen locations are calculated.

Evidence that Ocusweep finds patients not meeting health criteria for driving, measured by contrast sensitivity score.

Evidence that Ocusweep finds patients not meeting health criteria for driving, measured by visual acuity score.

Inclusion Criteria: Be at least 65 years old Fit into one of the four groups of participants No other eye diseases than glaucoma Still be able to and allowed to drive a car Be able to visit the Turku Driver's Clinic for testing Exclusion Criteria: A history of neurological disorders, depression or anxiety Motor problems Visual acuity less than 0.5 Score over 6 in Geriatric Depression Scale questionnaire (GDS 15)