Change in Patients' Subjective Emotion Regulation through six 10-cm visual analog scales assessing anxiety, sadness, fear of cancer recurrence, physical fatigue, psychological fatigue, and energy state-levels
Change in patients' subjective emotion regulation will be examined using the Emotion Regulation Task. Patients are asked to self-report their anxiety, sadness, fear of cancer recurrence, physical fatigue, psychological fatigue, and energy state-levels just after both exposures to anxiety triggers (the Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale (MAC)) and the Impact of Cancer questionnaire Version 2 (IOCv2)) and regulation exercises (self-relaxation and induced relaxation) using six 10-cm visual analog scales (VAS; with the extreme left defined as "not at all" and the extreme right defined as "extremely"). VAS are used because such scales have been shown to be appropriate and adequate for the assessment of emotional states (Davey et al., 2007; Wewers & Lowe, 1990).
Change in Patients' Objective Emotion Regulation through an ambulatory digital Holter recording heart rate (beats per minute)
Change in patients' objective emotion regulation will be examined using the Emotion Regulation Task. Heart rate (beats per minute) is measured throughout the Emotion Regulation Task using an ambulatory digital Holter recorder.
Change in Patients' Emotion Regulation in their Everyday Life through an ecological momentary assessment
Change in patients' emotion regulation in their everyday life will be assessed through an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) procedure during 7 days. The EMA procedure will allow to observe the evolution of the ratio between positive and negative emotions in patients' everyday life (Fredrickson & Losada, 2005).
Change in Patients' Anxiety State through the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) - anxiety subscale and the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ)
Change in patients' emotional state will be assessed in terms of anxiety:
Anxiety is assessed by the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) - anxiety 7-item ordinal self-report subscale (Duijts et al., 2012 ; Naaman et al., 2009). Each item is scored from 0 to 3. The subscale score ranges from 0 to 21. A subscale score from 0 to 7 is considered as normal, from 8 to 10 as an adaptation disorder, and from 11 to 21 as a mood disorder.
Anxiety is also assessed by the 16-item ordinal self-report Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ; Meyer et al., 1990). Each item is scored from 1 ("not at all typical of me") to 5 ("very typical of me"). The total scale score ranges from 16 to 80, with higher scores reflecting greater levels of pathological worry.
Change in Patients' Depression State through the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS)
Change in patients' emotional state will be assessed in terms of depression:
Depression is assessed by the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale - depression 7-item ordinal self-report subscale (Duijts et al., 2012 ; Naaman et al., 2009). Each item is scored from 0 to 3. The subscale score ranges from 0 to 21. A subscale score from 0 to 7 is considered as normal, from 8 to 10 as an adaptation disorder, and from 11 to 21 as a mood disorder.
Change in Patients' Fear of Cancer Recurrence State through the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory (FCRI)
Change in patients' emotional state will be assessed in terms of fear of cancer recurrence: Fear of cancer recurrence is assessed by the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory (FCRI). It is a 42-item 5-point ordinal self-report scale including seven subscales: triggers, severity, psychological distress, coping strategies, functioning impairments, insight, and reassurance (Simard & Savard, 2009). A higher score indicates higher levels of fear of cancer recurrence.
Change in an adapted Emotion Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS)
Patients will complete a self-report adapted Emotion Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) assessing from 0 to 10 their usual emotional and symptomatic states (i.e., pain, physical fatigue, psychological fatigue, sleeping difficulties, memory disorder, concentration disorder, feeling of discomfort, hot flushes, depression, anxiety, fear of cancer recurrence, and ruminations).
Change in the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) Questionnaire
Patients will complete the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) - anxiety and depression 14-item ordinal self-report subscales (Zigmond & Snaith, 1983). Each item is scored from 0 to 3. The total score ranges from 0 to 42. A total score from 0 to 12 is considered as normal, from 13 to 18 as an adaptation disorder, and from 19 to 42 as a mood disorder.
Change in the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory (FCRI) Questionnaire
Patients will complete the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory (FCRI) (Simard & Savard, 2009). It is a 42-item 5-point ordinal self-report scale including seven subscales: triggers, severity, psychological distress, coping strategies, functioning impairments, insight, and reassurance (Simard & Savard, 2009). A higher score indicates higher levels of fear of cancer recurrence.
Change in the White Bear Suppression Inventory (WBSI)
Patients will complete the White Bear Suppression Inventory (WBSI) (Schmidt et al., 2009 ; Wegner & Zanakos, 1994). The WBSI is a 15-item ordinal self-report measure of thought suppression. Each item is scored from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Higher scores indicate greater tendencies to suppress thoughts.
Change in the Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale (MAC)
Patients will complete the Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale (MAC) (Watson et al., 1988). The MAC is a 40-item ordinal self-report ordinal measure of five psychological dimensions of mental adjustment in cancer patients (fighting spirit, anxious preoccupation, helpless-hopelessness, fatalism, and avoidance). Each item is scored from 1 (definitely does not apply to me) to 4 (definitely applies to me).
Change in Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ)
Patients will complete the 16-item ordinal self-report Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ; Meyer et al., 1990). Each item is scored from 1 ("not at all typical of me") to 5 ("very typical of me"). The total scale score ranges from 16 to 80, with higher scores reflecting greater levels of pathological worry.
Change in the Five Facet of Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)
Patients will complete the Five Facet of Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) (Baer et al., 2008). The FFMQ is 39-item ordinal self-report measure of five facets of mindfulness: observing, describing, acting with awareness, non-judging of inner experience, and non-reactivity to inner experience. Each item is scored from 1 (never or very rarely true) to 5 (very often or always true), with higher scores indicating more mindfulness.
Change in the Metacognitions About Health Anxiety Questionnaire (MCQ-30)
Patients will complete the Metacognitions About Health Anxiety Questionnaire (MCQ-30) (Wells & Cartwright-Hatton, 2004). The MCQ-30 is a 30-item self-report measure of metacognitive beliefs (beliefs about thinking). The MCQ-30 have five subscales: cognitive confidence, positive beliefs about worry, cognitive self-consciousness, negative beliefs about uncontrollability of thoughts and danger, and beliefs about the need to control thoughts. Each item is scored from 1 (do not agree) to 4 (agree very much). Subscale scores range from 6 to 24, and total scores range from 30 to 120, with higher scores indicating higher levels of unhelpful metacognitions.
Change in the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI)
Patients will complete the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) (Morin et al., 2011). The ISI is a brief 7-item self-report measure of insomnia. A total score from 0 to 7 is considered as no clinically significant insomnia, from 8 to 14 as a subthreshold insomnia, from 15 to 21 as a moderate clinical insomnia, and from 22 to 28 as a severe clinical insomnia.
Change in the Impact of Cancer Scale (IOCv2)
Patients will complete the Impact of Cancer Scale (IOCv2) (Zebrack et al., 2006). The IOCv2 is a 37-item self-report measure of the quality of life of long-term cancer survivorship. The IOCv2 consists of two higher-order scales, a Positive Impact Scale and a Negative Impact Scale, each with four subscales: Altruism and empathy, health awareness, meaning of cancer, and positive self-evaluation subscales for the Positive Impact Scale, and appearance concerns, body change concerns, life interferences, and worry subscales for the Negative Impact Scale. The IOCv2 also have three additional subscales measuring employment and relationship impacts. Each item is scored from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). A higher score on a subscale/scale implies stronger endorsement of that content area.
Change in the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ)
Patients will complete the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) (Jermann et al., 2006). The CERQ is a 36-item self-report measure of cognitive emotion regulation strategies someone uses after having experienced negative events or situations. The CERQ distinguishes 9 cognitive coping strategie: Self-blame, acceptance, rumination, positive refocusing, refocus on planning, positive reappraisal, putting into perspective, catastrophizing, and other-blame. Each item is scored from 1 ((almost) never) to 5 (always). The higher the score on a subscale, the more the patient uses this cognitive coping strategy.
Change in the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20)
Patients will complete the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20) (Smets et al., 1995). The MFI-20 is a 20-item self-report measure of fatigue which covers the five following dimensions: General fatigue, physical fatigue, mental fatigue, reduced motivation and reduced activity. Each item is scored from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Higher scores indicating greater fatigue.
Change in a Life Event Questionnaire
Patients will complete a life event questionnaire assessing hours of physical activity practice, hours of sleep, drugs use, cafeine, theine and alcohol intake, psychogical background, and health care use.
Change in Ecological Momentary Assessment through the use of a pedometer and a measure of cardio frequency (Garmin vívoactive® HR)
Patients are provided with an armband (Garmin vívoactive® HR) to continuously record during nine days (two days of test and seven days of assessment), their heart rate levels, physical activity levels (pedometer and accelerometer) and sleep patterns.
Change in Attentional Bias through a dot probe task
The attentional dot probe computer task will provide a dynamic picture of patients' attentional orientation.