Comparison of Three Vision Therapy Approaches for Convergence Insufficiency
Comparison of Three Vision Therapy Approaches for Convergence Insufficiency
About this trial
This is an interventional treatment trial for Comparison of Three Vision Therapy Approaches for Convergence Insufficiency
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
- patients between 15 and 35 years of age who have symptomatic CI using the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) scoring system.
- best-corrected visual acuity ≥ 20/25
- exophoria at near at least 4 prism diopters (△) greater than at distance
- near point of convergence more than 6.0 cm break
- insufficient positive fusional vergence (PFV) (failing Sheard's criterion or PFV ≤ 15 △ base-out) at near distance.
Exclusion Criteria:
- amblyopia (VA worse than 20/30 in each eye), presence of manifest strabismus, history of ocular surgery, any systemic disorder, anisometropia of more than 1.5 diopter of myopia or hyperopia or significant refractive error, and nystagmus and usage of medications that may impair accommodation or convergence. ,ocular surface abnormalities or history of ocular allergy or those who had previously been treated for CI
Sites / Locations
- Ophthalmic Research CenterRecruiting
Arms of the Study
Arm 1
Arm 2
Arm 3
Active Comparator
Active Comparator
Active Comparator
home-based vision orthoptic therapy (HBVOT) group
office-based vision orthoptic therapy (OBVOT) group
augmented office-based vision orthoptic therapy (AOBVOT) group
In the home-based vision orthoptic therapy (HBVOT) group, patients were trained to do the pencil push-ups procedure 15 minutes per day, five days a week
In the office-based vision orthoptic therapy (OBVOT) group, 60 minutes of orthoptic therapy using a major amblyoscope twice weekly with additional home orthoptic therapy was prescribed
For the augmented office-based vision orthoptic therapy (AOBVOT) group, orthoptic exercises using three diopter over-minus lenses and a base out prism, in addition to major amblyoscope and additional home reinforcement was prescribed in the same period of time.