Gallium-68 Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen PET in Diagnosing Patients With Thyroid Cancer

Gallium-68 Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (68Ga-PSMA) PET for Imaging of Thyroid Cancer: A Feasibility Study

This pilot clinical trial studies how well Gallium-68 prostate specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (PET) work in diagnosing patients with thyroid cancer. Diagnostic procedures, such as 68Ga-PSMA PET, may more accurately diagnose thyroid cancer and find out how far the disease has spread.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: I. To determine the feasibility and utility of Gallium Ga 68-labeled PSMA-11 (68Ga-PSMA) PET imaging in patients with thyroid cancer. SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. To assess the correlation between targeted molecular uptake of 68Ga-PSMA PET in thyroid cancer compared to areas identified as tumor by radioiodine uptake (in well-differentiated cancers) or fludeoxyglucose F-18 (18F-FDG) uptake (in poorly differentiated and/or radioiodine-negative cancers). II. To determine and compare the sensitivity and specificity of 68Ga-PSMA PET to (18F-FDG) PET and/or radioiodine scintigraphy. TERTIARY OBJECTIVES: I. To determine if 68Ga-PSMA PET uptake is related to tumor differentiation and PSMA staining in tissue pathology when available. II. To determine the correlation between standardized uptake value maximum (SUVmax) of target thyroid cancer lesions on 68Ga-PSMA PET and serum thyroglobulin levels. OUTLINE: Participants receive 68Ga-PSMA intravenously (IV) over 1-2 minutes and then undergo PET/MRI 60 minutes after injection. Patients may undergo a second PET/MRI 2-6 months after completion of first scan.

Participants receive 68Ga-PSMA IV over 1-2 minutes and then undergo PET/MRI 60 minutes after injection. Patients may undergo a second PET/MRI 2-6 months after completion of first scan.

68Ga-HBED-CC-PSMA, 68Ga-PSMA-11, [68Ga] Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen 11, [68Ga]GaPSMA-11, Ga-68 labeled PSMA-11, Gallium Ga 68 PSMA-11

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan, Medical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance / Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, MRI, MRI Scan, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging (NMRI), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Imaging, NMRI

Medical Imaging, Positron Emission Tomography, PET Scan, Positron Emission Tomography Scan, Positron-Emission Tomography, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging

The number of 68Ga PSMA-11 PET-positive lesions detected by staging scans will be descriptively reported.

The number of overall thyroid cancer lesions detected by standard staging scans will be descriptively reported

For each lesion detected on 18F-FDG PET or radioiodine scintigraphy (131I), the presence or absence of 68Ga-PSMA-11 uptake will be reviewed and tabulated. Presence on either 131I and 18F-FDG will be considered true positive disease. If additional lesions are detected on 68Ga-PSMA-11 as compared to 18F-FDG or 131I, the lesions will be characterized as either true or false positives in comparison to the appearance of the lesion on conventional imaging (thyroid ultrasound, CT and MRI). The gold standard for an individual lesion will be FDG or 131I, if the individual lesion is positive on either imaging study. If the lesions are not seen on either FDG or 131I, then consensus reading of conventional imaging will be performed to determine true and false positives lesions. Point estimate of the true positive rate will be calculated.

Specificity is the agents ability to exclude the disease when the disease is absent. For each lesion detected on 18F-FDG PET or radioiodine scintigraphy (131I), the presence or absence of 68Ga-PSMA-11 uptake will be reviewed and tabulated. Presence on either 131I and 18F-FDG will be considered true positive disease. If additional lesions are detected on 68Ga-PSMA-11 as compared to 18F-FDG or 131I, the lesions will be characterized as either true or false positives in comparison to the appearance of the lesion on conventional imaging (thyroid ultrasound, CT and MRI). The gold standard for an individual lesion will be FDG or 131I, if the individual lesion is positive on either imaging study. If the lesions are not seen on either FDG or 131I, then consensus reading of conventional imaging will be performed to determine true and false positives lesions. Point estimate of the true negative rate will be reported.

Inclusion Criteria: History of thyroid cancer Whole body 18F-FDG PET/computed tomography (CT) or I-131 scintigraphy within the past 90 days of the scheduled 68Ga-PSMA PET demonstrating uptake Creatinine =< 3.0 mg/dL Ability to understand a written informed consent document, and the willingness to sign it Exclusion Criteria: Patients who have had active infection within 15 days of study enrollment that may be considered to interfere with 68Ga-PSMA PET imaging by the study investigators Patients who are unable to have placement of intravenous line access Pregnant or breastfeeding women Patients not capable of undergoing a PET/MRI study due to weight, claustrophobia, or inability to lie still for the duration of the exam