Physiology Regarding Apnoeic Oxygenation During Nasal Cannula Therapy at Different Flow Rates (PHARAO)
Apnoeic Oxygenation
About this trial
This is an interventional treatment trial for Apnoeic Oxygenation
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
- > 18 years
- Written informed consent
- Undergoing elective surgery
- Requiring general anesthesia
Exclusion Criteria:
- Any Indication for fibre optic intubation
- Expected impossible mask ventilation
- Known coronary heart disease
- Known heart failure, NYHA classification ≥ 2
- Therapy including β-receptor antagonists
- Arrhythmias in need of anti-arrhythmic therapy (e.g. implanted cardio defibrillator)
- Peripheral occlusive arterial disease, Fontaine ≥ 2b
- Known stenosis of the (common or internal) carotid or vertebral arteries
- BMI > 35kg/m2 and BMI < 16kg/m2
- Hyperkalaemia (K > 5.5 mmol/l)
- Known COPD Gold classification ≥ 2
- Known pulmonary arterial hypertension, systolic > 35mmHg
- Known obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in need of therapy
- High risk of aspiration (requiring rapid sequence induction intubation)
- Increased intracranial pressure
- Intracranial surgery
- Limited knowledge of German language
- Absent power of judgement
- Anaemia, Hb < 100 g/l
- Pregnancy (pregnancy test in all female patients)
- Neuromuscular disorder
- Known or suspected cervical spine instability
- Nasal obstruction, impossibility of nasal ventilation (both sides patent)
- Allergies or contra-indications to one or more of the used anaesthesia agents
Sites / Locations
- University Hospital Inselspital
Arms of the Study
Arm 1
Arm 2
Arm 3
Arm 4
Arm 5
Active Comparator
Experimental
Experimental
Experimental
Experimental
Control
High flow
medium flow
low flow
minimal flow
These patients will receive HFNCT with oxygen 70l/min after induction of general anesthesia. Throughout the entire measurement period of 15 or 30 minutes, continuous videolaryngoscopy will be performed.
These patients will receive HFNCT with oxygen 70l/min after induction of general anesthesia. Throughout the entire measurement period of 15 or 30 minutes, jaw thrust will be performed.
These patients will receive oxygen 10l/min after induction of general anesthesia. Throughout the entire measurement period of 15 or 30 minutes, jaw thrust will be performed.
These patients will receive oxygen 2l/min after induction of general anesthesia. Throughout the entire measurement period of 15 or 30 minutes, jaw thrust will be performed.
These patients will receive a standard tracheal tubes after induction of general anesthesia, with 100% Oxygen and Minimum-flow 0.25l/min. The measurement period is 15 or 30 minutes.